# Ganan language

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{{Short description|Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Myanmar}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Ganan
| altname = Kanan
| states = [Myanmar](/source/Myanmar)
| region = [Sagaing Region](/source/Sagaing_Region)
| ethnicity = 
| speakers = 9,000
| date = 2007
| ref = e18
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2 = [Tibeto-Burman](/source/Tibeto-Burman_languages)
| fam3 = [Sal](/source/Sal_languages)
| fam4 = [Jingpho–Luish](/source/Jingpho%E2%80%93Luish_languages)
| fam5 = [Luish](/source/Luish_languages)
| iso3 = zkn
| glotto = gana1267
| glottorefname = Ganaan
| map              = Lang Status 40-SE.svg
| mapcaption       = {{center|{{small|Ganan is classified as Severely Endangered by the [UNESCO](/source/UNESCO) ''[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger](/source/Atlas_of_the_World's_Languages_in_Danger)''}}}}
}}

'''Ganan''' ({{langx|my|ကနန်း}}; also spelled as '''Ganaan''' or '''Kanan''') is a [Sino-Tibetan language](/source/Sino-Tibetan_languages) of northwestern Myanmar, spoken in [Sagaing Region](/source/Sagaing_Region).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Myanmar |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010180533/http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages |archive-date=2016-10-10 |website=Ethnologue: Languages of the World}}</ref> It belongs to the [Luish](/source/Luish_languages) branch, and is most closely related to the [Kadu language](/source/Kadu_language) of Myanmar, with which it shares 84 to 89% lexical similarity.<ref name=":0" /> The Ganan dialects share 95 to 99% lexical similarity.<ref name=":0" />

== Phonology ==
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![Front](/source/Front_vowel)
![Central](/source/Central_vowel)
![Back](/source/Back_vowel)
|-
![Close](/source/Close_vowel)
|{{IPA link|i}}
|
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
![Close-mid](/source/Close-mid_vowel)
|{{IPA link|e}}
|
|{{IPA link|o}}
|-
![Open-mid](/source/Open-mid_vowel)
|{{IPA link|ɛ}}
|{{IPA link|ɜ}}
|{{IPA link|ɔ}}
|-
![Open](/source/Open_vowel)
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|
|}

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
! [Bilabial](/source/Bilabial_consonant)
! [Alveolar](/source/Alveolar_consonant)
! [Alveolo-palatal](/source/Alveolo-palatal_consonant)
! [Palatal](/source/Palatal_consonant)
! [Velar](/source/Velar_consonant)
! [Glottal](/source/Glottal_consonant)
|-
! rowspan="2" | [Stop](/source/Stop_consonant)
! <small>[Voiceless](/source/Voicelessness)</small>
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|k}}
|{{IPA link|ʔ}}
|-
! <small>[Voiced](/source/Voice_(phonetics))</small>
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [Fricative](/source/Fricative_consonant)
! <small>[Voiceless](/source/Voicelessness)</small>
|
|{{IPA link|s}}
|{{IPA link|ɕ}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|h}}
|-
! <small>[Voiced](/source/Voice_(phonetics))</small>
|
|{{IPA link|z}}
|{{IPA link|ʑ}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [Nasal](/source/Nasal_consonant)
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɲ}}
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [Approximant](/source/Approximant_consonant)
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|{{IPA link|j}}
|{{IPA link|w}}
|
|}

==Names==
''Ethnologue'' lists ''Ganaan, Ganan, Ganon, Genan, Kanan'' as alternate names.

==Distribution==
According to ''Ethnologue'', as of 2007 Ganan is spoken in 24 villages of [Banmauk Township](/source/Banmauk_Township) along the [Mu River](/source/Mu_River) by 9,000 people in Katha District, [Sagaing Region](/source/Sagaing_Region), Myanmar.<ref name=":0" /> It is also located in a few villages in [Homalin](/source/Homalin_Township), [Indaw](/source/Indaw_Township), and [Pinlebu](/source/Pinlebu_Township) townships.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{reflist}}
*Huziwara, Keisuke 藤原, 敬介. 2012. [http://hdl.handle.net/2433/182194 Rui sogo no saikou ni mukete ルイ祖語の再構にむけて] [Toward a reconstruction of Proto-Luish]. In ''Kyoto University Linguistic Research'' 京都大学言語学研究 (2012), 31: 25-131. {{doi|10.14989/182194}}
*Matisoff, James A. 2013. [https://www.academia.edu/16300693/Re-examining_the_genetic_position_of_Jingpho_putting_flesh_on_the_bones_of_the_Jinghpho_Luish_Relationship Re-examining the genetic position of Jingpho: putting flesh on the bones of the Jingpho/Luish relationship]. ''Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area'' 36(2). 1–106.

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Sal languages}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Sal languages
Category:Languages of Myanmar

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ganan language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganan_language) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganan_language?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.