# Gail Stine

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{{short description|American philosopher}}
'''Gail Stine''' (nee Caldwell, 1940–December 28, 1977) was an American philosopher who specialized in epistemology and [philosophy of language](/source/philosophy_of_language). She was born in [Schenectady](/source/Schenectady), New York.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mrs. William Stine |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107501448/the-morning-call/ |access-date=13 August 2022 |work=The Morning Call |date=29 December 1977}}</ref>

Before her death at the age of 37,<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.survivor99.com/pscience/2006-6/philosophy/Folder%20%20of%20Logic/willard_van_orman_quine.htm|title=Willard Van Orman Quine|publisher=Survivor99.com|accessdate=4 November 2014}}</ref> she was a professor of philosophy at [Wayne State University](/source/Wayne_State_University).<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=2025689|title=Notes and News|date=1 January 1978|journal=The Journal of Philosophy|volume=75|issue=2|pages=113–118|doi=10.5840/jphil197875239}}</ref> Wayne State now holds the annual Gail Stine Memorial Lecture in her honor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clasweb.clas.wayne.edu/Multimedia/Philosophy/files/PhilosophySelf-study.pdf|title=Wayne State University : Academic Program Review : Philosophy Department : Fall 2008|publisher=Clasweb.clas.wayne.edu|accessdate=4 November 2014|archive-date=14 July 2012|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120714030945/http://clasweb.clas.wayne.edu/Multimedia/Philosophy/files/PhilosophySelf-study.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>  Mount Holyoke College holds an annual Gail Stine Lecture in her honor.[https://events.mtholyoke.edu/event/s_matthew_liao-a_gail_caldwell_stine_lecture_series]

==Education==
Stine graduated from [Mount Holyoke College](/source/Mount_Holyoke_College) in 1962. Stine was a student of [W. V. O. Quine](/source/W._V._O._Quine) and received her PhD at [Harvard University](/source/Harvard_University) in 1969 under the supervision of [Burton Dreben](/source/Burton_Dreben).<ref name="auto"/>

==Work==
Stine was an advocate of [contextualism](/source/contextualism), the view that the truth-value of knowledge claims is context dependent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/contextualism-epistemology/|title=Epistemic Contextualism|publisher=Plato.stanford.edu|accessdate=4 November 2014}}</ref> Stine also advocates the view that for a subject to know that p, she must rule out all relevant alternatives to p, a position also held by [Alvin Goldman](/source/Alvin_Goldman) and [Fred Dretske](/source/Fred_Dretske).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/|title=The Analysis of Knowledge|publisher=Plato.stanford.edu|accessdate=4 November 2014}}</ref> Probably her most well-known article is her 1976 Philosophical Studies article, "Skepticism, Relevant Alternatives, and Deductive Closure".<ref>{{Cite journal|jstor=4319027|title=Skepticism, Relevant Alternatives, and Deductive Closure|last1=Stine|first1=G. C.|journal=Philosophical Studies|year=1976|volume=29|issue=4|pages=249–261|doi=10.1007/BF00411885|s2cid=170145647}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Stine, Gail}}
Category:1940 births
Category:1977 deaths
Category:Wayne State University faculty
Category:Harvard University alumni
Category:20th-century American philosophers
Category:American women philosophers
Category:American epistemologists
Category:American philosophers of language
Category:Mount Holyoke College alumni
Category:20th-century American women

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