# Gafsa

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For the wasp, see [List of encyrtid genera](/source/List_of_encyrtid_genera).

"Capsa" redirects here. For other uses, see [Capsa (disambiguation)](/source/Capsa_(disambiguation)).

City in Tunisia

Place in Gafsa Governorate, Tunisia

Gafsa قفصة - ڨفصة Gafsa Location in Tunisia Coordinates: 34°25′21″N 8°47′03″E / 34.42250°N 8.78417°E / 34.42250; 8.78417 Country Tunisia Governorate Gafsa Governorate Delegation(s) Gafsa North, Gafsa South Government • Mayor Helmi Belhani (Nidaa Tounes) Population (2022) • Total 120,739 Time zone UTC1 (CET)

**Gafsa** ([Arabic](/source/Arabic_language): قفصة, [romanized](/source/Romanization_of_Arabic): *qafṣah*; [Tunisian Arabic](/source/Tunisian_Arabic_language): ڨفصة, romanized: *gafṣah*; *[Gafsˤa](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Gafsa.wav/Gafsa.wav.mp3)[ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gafsa.wav)*) is the capital of [Gafsa Governorate](/source/Gafsa_Governorate) in [Tunisia](/source/Tunisia). With a population of 120,739, Gafsa is the [ninth-largest Tunisian city](/source/List_of_cities_in_Tunisia) and is 335 km from the country's capital, [Tunis](/source/Tunis).

## Overview

View of Gafsa

Gafsa is the capital of [Gafsa Governorate](/source/Gafsa_Governorate), in southwestern [Tunisia](/source/Tunisia) and is both a [historical oasis](/source/Gafsa_Oases) and the home to the mining industry of Tunisia. The city had 111,170 inhabitants at the 2014 census, under the rule of the mayor, Helmi Belhani.[1] Lying 369 km (229 mi) by road southwest of the country's capital, [Tunis](/source/Tunis), Gafsa has its geographical coordinates [34°25′N 8°47′E / 34.417°N 8.783°E / 34.417; 8.783](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gafsa&params=34_25_N_8_47_E_).

## History

### Ancient history

See also: [Kingdom of Capsus](/source/Kingdom_of_Capsus)

Capsa in Roman times was near the "limes romanus" called [Fossatum Africae](/source/Fossatum_Africae).

[Roman baths of Gafsa](/source/Roman_baths_of_Gafsa).

Excavations at [prehistoric](/source/Prehistoric) sites in the Gafsa area have yielded artefacts and skeletal remains associated with the [Capsian culture](/source/Capsian_culture). This [Mesolithic](/source/Mesolithic) civilisation has been [radiocarbon dated](/source/Radiocarbon_dating) to between 10,000 and 6,000 BCE. The associated ancient population, known as the *Snail eaters*, are known for their extensive [middens](/source/Midden) of [snail shells](/source/Snail_shell). They are believed to be the [ancestors](/source/Ancestor) of the modern [Berbers](/source/Berbers).[2]

The city was originally called Capsa in [Latin](/source/Latin). Gafsa lends its Latin name of Capsa to the [Mesolithic](/source/Mesolithic) [Capsian culture](/source/Capsian_culture). It belonged to [King Jugurtha](/source/King_Jugurtha), who deposited his treasures there. It was captured by [Gaius Marius](/source/Gaius_Marius) in 106 BC and destroyed, later becoming reestablished under the Punic-style magistracy of *[sufetes](/source/Sufet)* before being granted the status of a Roman [colonia](/source/Colonia_(Roman)).[3][4] Capsa was an important city of [Roman Africa](/source/Africa_(Roman_province)) near the [Fossatum Africae](/source/Fossatum_Africae).[5] Roman cisterns are still evident in the city ruins.[5]

The [Vandals](/source/Vandals) conquered the Roman city and ruled it until the death of [Genseric](/source/Genseric) (477). The Berbers then occupied it, making it the capital of a [Romano-Berber kingdom](/source/Romano-Berber_states) until subjected to [Byzantium](/source/Byzantine_Empire) under [Justinian I](/source/Justinian_I) (527–565) and the era of [Byzantine North Africa](/source/Byzantine_North_Africa). He made Capsa the capital of the province of [Byzacena](/source/Byzacena). The Duke of Byzacena resided there. In 540, the Byzantine governor general [Solomon](/source/Solomon_(magister_militum)) built a new city wall, naming the city Justiniana Capsa.[3]

### Arab conquest

The Arab army of [Uqba ibn Nafi](/source/Uqba_ibn_Nafi) conquered Gafsa in 688, in spite of resistance from the Berbers.[6] After the [Arab conquest](/source/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb), Capsa started to lose importance, replaced by [Muslim](/source/Muslim)-founded [Kairouan](/source/Kairouan).

Historians such as Camps and Laverde consider Gafsa the place in North Africa where [African Romance](/source/African_Romance) last survived, until the 13th century, as a spoken language. Al Yacoubi reports that this time its inhabitants were considered Romanized Berber and [Al-Idrissi](/source/Al-Idrissi) says they continued to speak an African Latin and part of them remained faithful to the [Christian religion](/source/Christianity).

[Al-Idrisi](/source/Muhammad_al-Idrisi) described the city in the 12th century:[7]

The city of Gafsa is a fine city, surrounded by a wall, with a flowing river whose water is purer than that of Castile. At its center lies the spring known as *al-Tarmīdh*. It has bustling markets, abundant trade, and thriving industries. The city is encircled by numerous date palms, bearing remarkable varieties of dates. Gafsa is also adorned with beautiful gardens, orchards, and well-maintained palaces. Various crops are cultivated there, including henna and cotton. Its inhabitants are largely Berbers, and most of them speak the Latin-African tongue.

### Recent history

[Phosphate mines](/source/Phosphate_mine) were discovered in 1886, and Gafsa today is home to one of the largest mines of [phosphate](/source/Phosphate) in the world.

The travel-book ‘Fountains in the Sand’ (1912) by British author [Norman Douglas](/source/Norman_Douglas) gives an in-depth account of life and work in Gafsa.

In the Second World War, Gafsa suffered heavy [bombardment](/source/Bombardment) from both the [German](/source/Nazi_Germany) and Italian side and the Allies. Part of its [Kasbah](/source/Kasbah) was destroyed.

On 27 January 1980, a group of dissidents armed and trained by [Libya](/source/Libya) occupied the city to contest the [régime](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/r%C3%A9gime) of [Habib Bourguiba](/source/Habib_Bourguiba). 48 people were killed in the battles.

The Gafsa region has had an active political voice throughout its history, and various events there have shaped its political developments in the various phases of modern Tunisia.

In 2008, Gafsa was the center of riots directed against the government of President [Zine El Abidine Ben Ali](/source/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali). The government was swift and brutal in its suppression of the uprising, but this movement has since been credited with sowing the first seeds of the [Jasmine Revolution](/source/Tunisian_Revolution) that removed [Zine El Abidine Ben Ali](/source/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali) from power three years later, igniting the [Arab Spring](/source/Arab_Spring) across much of North Africa and the Middle East.

In 2014, a [lake](/source/Lac_de_Gafsa) suddenly appeared around 25 kilometers from the town. The cause of the lake's formation is currently unknown.[8]

## Bishopric

Map showing Capsa

Main article: [Capsa (Roman colonia)](/source/Capsa_(Roman_colonia))

Extant documents give the names of a few of the bishops of Capsa.[9][10][11]

In the 3rd century, Donatulus took part in the council that Saint [Cyprian](/source/Cyprian) convoked in [Carthage](/source/Carthage) in 256 to discuss the problem of the *[lapsi](/source/Lapsi_(Christianity))*.

In the 4th century, at the [Council of Carthage (349)](/source/Council_of_Carthage_(349)), Fortunatianus of Capsa was present, mentioned as the first among the bishops of [Byzacena](/source/Byzacena). A [Donatist](/source/Donatism) bishop of Capsa called Quintasius was at the council held at [Cabarsussi](/source/Cabarsussi) in 393 by a breakaway group of [Donatists](/source/Donatists) led by [Maximianus](/source/Magnus_Maximus).

In the 5th century, at the joint [Council of Carthage (411)](/source/Council_of_Carthage_(411)) attended by [Catholics](/source/Catholic_Church) and [Donatists](/source/Donatist), Gams and Morcelli say Capsa was represented by the Donatist Donatianus, and that it had no Catholic bishop.[10][11] According to the more recent Mesnage, Donatianus was instead the Donatist bishop of Capsus in Numidia, and Capsa in Byzacena was represented by the Catholic Fortunatus and the Donatist Celer, whom the earlier sources attributed to Capsus.[9] All three sources agree in attributing to Capsa the Vindemialis who was one of the Catholic bishops whom [Huneric](/source/Huneric) [summoned to Carthage in 484](/source/Council_of_Carthage_(484)) and then exiled. However, the latest editions of the [Roman Martyrology](/source/Roman_Martyrology), which commemorates Vindemialis on 2 May, call him bishop of Capsus in Numidia.[12]

Capsa still had resident bishops at the end of the 9th century, being mentioned in a *[Notitia Episcopatuum](/source/Notitia_Episcopatuum)* of [Leo VI the Wise](/source/Leo_VI_the_Wise) (886–912).[9] but a community may have lasted until the early 12th century[13]

No longer a residential [bishopric](/source/Bishopric), Capsa is today listed by the [Catholic Church](/source/Catholic_Church) as a [titular see](/source/Titular_see).[14]

## Climate

Gafsa has a [hot desert climate](/source/Hot_desert_climate) ([Köppen climate classification](/source/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification) *BWh*).

Climate data for Gafsa (1991–2020, extremes 1950–2022) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 26.8 (80.2) 32.0 (89.6) 36.9 (98.4) 38.0 (100.4) 42.8 (109.0) 46.1 (115.0) 46.5 (115.7) 45.7 (114.3) 43.5 (110.3) 39.5 (103.1) 35.5 (95.9) 29.0 (84.2) 46.5 (115.7) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 15.8 (60.4) 17.5 (63.5) 21.3 (70.3) 25.4 (77.7) 30.3 (86.5) 35.3 (95.5) 38.4 (101.1) 37.9 (100.2) 32.9 (91.2) 27.8 (82.0) 21.2 (70.2) 16.6 (61.9) 26.7 (80.1) Daily mean °C (°F) 10.0 (50.0) 11.4 (52.5) 14.9 (58.8) 18.6 (65.5) 23.2 (73.8) 27.8 (82.0) 30.7 (87.3) 30.6 (87.1) 26.7 (80.1) 21.7 (71.1) 15.4 (59.7) 11.0 (51.8) 20.2 (68.4) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.1 (39.4) 5.3 (41.5) 8.4 (47.1) 11.8 (53.2) 16.1 (61.0) 20.2 (68.4) 23.0 (73.4) 23.3 (73.9) 20.4 (68.7) 15.6 (60.1) 9.5 (49.1) 5.5 (41.9) 13.6 (56.5) Record low °C (°F) −5.5 (22.1) −4.3 (24.3) −2.1 (28.2) 1.8 (35.2) 6.0 (42.8) 9.1 (48.4) 13.8 (56.8) 15.1 (59.2) 10.3 (50.5) 2.6 (36.7) −1.2 (29.8) −4.9 (23.2) −5.5 (22.1) Average precipitation mm (inches) 15.1 (0.59) 10.6 (0.42) 15.7 (0.62) 16.4 (0.65) 13.4 (0.53) 3.4 (0.13) 3.4 (0.13) 5.9 (0.23) 20.2 (0.80) 18.0 (0.71) 18.2 (0.72) 13.7 (0.54) 154.1 (6.07) Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.1 0.7 0.5 0.8 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.4 22.5 Average relative humidity (%) 65 61 58 55 52 47 43 48 55 61 65 68 56 Mean monthly sunshine hours 201.2 214.9 246.4 268.9 311.4 333.3 359.5 331.4 261.8 243.2 214.4 200.6 3,187 Mean daily sunshine hours 6.6 7.6 7.9 8.9 9.9 10.8 11.5 10.9 9.4 8.2 7.4 6.7 8.8 Source 1: Institut National de la Météorologie (humidity 1961-1990, sun 1981–2010)[15][16][17][18][note 1] Source 2: NOAA(humidity and daily sun 1961–1990)[20][21][22]

## Economy

Companie des phosphates de Gafsa

Gafsa is developing thanks to the mining of [phosphates](/source/Phosphates), the deposit of which discovered in 1886 is one of the largest in the world. [Tunisia](/source/Tunisia) extracted nearly five million tonnes of phosphates in 2011. Production fell after the revolution to reach 3,500,000 tonnes in 2016. Tunisia has thus fallen from seventh in the world to tenth. The [Compagnie des phosphates de Gafsa](/source/Compagnie_des_phosphates_de_Gafsa) had its own private railway line until 1966, on the basis of an agreement signed on 25 August 1896. Paradoxically, the city is quite poor and does not benefit from income from phosphate.[23]

## Transport

[Gafsa – Ksar International Airport](/source/Gafsa_%E2%80%93_Ksar_International_Airport) is located in the city.

## Sport

[El Kawafel Sportives de Gafsa](/source/EGS_Gafsa) (EGSG) is the main football club of Gafsa.

## Media

Radio stations:

- Radio Gafsa (governmental) | Frequencies : 87.8 FM, 93.5 FM and 91.8 FM,

- Mines FM or Sawt Elmanajem (private) | Frequencies : 90.9 FM

and other government and private Tunisian radios broadcast in Gafsa as Shems FM, RTCI, Youth Radio, Culture Radio, Zitouna, and the National Radio.

## International relations

See also: [List of twin towns and sister cities in Tunisia](/source/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Africa#Tunisia)

### Twin towns – Sister cities

Gafsa is [twinned](/source/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities) with:

- [Naples](/source/Naples), Italy[24]

- [Palma de Mallorca](/source/Palma_de_Mallorca), Spain

## See also

- [Africa portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Africa)

- [African Romance](/source/African_Romance)

- [Capsian culture](/source/Capsian_culture)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ins_1-0)** ["Recensement de 2004 (Institut National de la Statistique – Tunisie)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035422/http://www.ins.nat.tn/fr/rgph2.1.commune.php?code_modalite=24451&Code_indicateur=0301007&Submit3=Envoyer). ins.nat.tn. Archived from [the original](http://www.ins.nat.tn/fr/rgph2.1.commune.php?code_modalite=24451&Code_indicateur=0301007&Submit3=Envoyer) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Paul Lachlan MacKendrick, The North African Stones Speak (UNC Press Books, 1 December 2000).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CE_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CE_3-1) [Siméon Vailhé, "Capsa"](http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03314b.htm) in *[Catholic Encyclopedia](/source/Catholic_Encyclopedia)* (New York 1908)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Ilẹvbare, J.A. (June 1974). "The Impact of the Carthaginians and the Romans on the Administrative System of the Maghreb Part I". *Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria*. **7** (2): 187–197. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [41857007](https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857007).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Trudy_Ring_1994_p312_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Trudy_Ring_1994_p312_5-1) Trudy Ring, Robert M. Salkin, Sharon La Boda *International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa*, Volume 4 (Taylor & Francis, 1994) p312.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [History of Gafsa (in French)](http://www.asmgafsa.org.tn/historique.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140515010916/http://www.asmgafsa.org.tn/historique.htm) 15 May 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق - الإقليم الثالث، الجزء الثاني](https://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/نزهة_المشتاق_في_اختراق_الآفاق/الإقليم_الثالث/الجزء_الثاني) [Muhammad al-Idrisi](/source/Muhammad_al-Idrisi)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-yahoo_8-0)** ["Gafsa Beach: Mysterious Lake Discovered in Drought-Stricken Tunisia Could be 'Radioactive'"](https://uk.news.yahoo.com/gafsa-beach-mysterious-lake-discovered-drought-stricken-tunisia-090056170.html#w2JaxpQ). uk.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 27 March 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Mesnage_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Mesnage_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Mesnage_9-2) [J. Mesnage, *L'Afrique chrétienne*](http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1096329/f84.image), Paris 1912, pp. 69–70

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Gams_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Gams_10-1) Pius Bonifacius Gams, [*Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae*](http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=65154&dirids=1), Leipzig 1931, p. 464

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Morcelli_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Morcelli_11-1) Stefano Antonio Morcelli, [*Africa christiana*](https://books.google.com/books?id=dO4-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA118), Volume I, Brescia 1816, pp. 118–119

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** *Martyrologium Romanum* (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1274930071](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1274930071))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-orthodoxengland_13-0)** ["The Last Christians Of North-West Africa: Some Lessons For Orthodox Today"](http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/maghreb.htm). orthodoxengland.org.uk. Retrieved 27 March 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** *[Annuario Pontificio](/source/Annuario_Pontificio) 2013* (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-88-209-9070-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1)), p. 838

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IMN1_15-0)** ["Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010"](https://web.archive.org/web/20191219211209/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f/download/normales_1981_2010.txt) (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from [the original](http://data.transport.tn/dataset/9e1ed3a1-69f5-4ef9-a05e-daa8126fdb7c/resource/acf0d32e-92b3-4247-9281-1b3a1587d23f) on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IMN2_16-0)** ["Données normales climatiques 1961–1990"](https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032155/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/c8d4b465-056c-41e2-a666-05160d19784e/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3/download/normales_1961_1990.txt) (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from [the original](http://data.transport.tn/dataset/normales-climatiques-en-tunisie-entre-1961-1990/resource/3d38ac83-8a3c-4207-b327-9684131292b3) on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IMNextremes_17-0)** ["Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie"](https://web.archive.org/web/20191221032448/http://data.transport.tn/dataset/b19bf5d3-5f47-43a3-befc-80a4f4f1d267/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30/download/extremes.txt) (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from [the original](http://data.transport.tn/dataset/extremes-climatiques-en-tunisie/resource/0f4ff280-9f86-4e4f-bc18-29df886c2a30) on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IMNclimate_18-0)** ["Période ensoleillée 1981-2010 climatiques en Tunisie"](https://www.meteo.tn/index.php/donnees-climatiques) (in French). Ministère du Transport. Retrieved 26 December 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie"](http://data.transport.tn/dataset/reseau-des-stations-meteorologiques-synoptiques/resource/9d68c101-4789-4e6a-bdff-8952d727c0c1) (in French). Ministère du Transport. Retrieved 3 February 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Gafsa Climate Normals 1961–1990"](ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/TS/60745.TXT). *[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration](/source/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration)* ([FTP](/source/FTP)). Retrieved 24 January 2015. (To view documents see [Help:FTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:FTP))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Climate Normals 1991-2020"](https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Tunisia/CSV/Gafsa_60745.csv). *NOAA.gov*. [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration](/source/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration). Retrieved 18 September 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["60745: Gafsa (Tunisia)"](https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=60745&ano=2022&mes=7&day=2&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30). *ogimet.com*. OGIMET. 1 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** [: Phosphate Rock](https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/phosphate_rock/mcs-2017-phosp.pdf)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Naples_twinnings_25-0)** Vacca, Maria Luisa. ["Comune di Napoli -Gemellaggi"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130722204102/http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931) [Naples – Twin Towns]. *Comune di Napoli* (in Italian). Archived from [the original](http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931) on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2013.

### Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Station_ID_20-0)** The Station ID for Gafsa is 64545111.[19]

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Gafsa](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gafsa).

- [Gafsa – The Historical Oasis](http://lexicorient.com/tunisia/gafsa.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120924060605/http://lexicorient.com/tunisia/gafsa.htm) 24 September 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

- (in Italian)[History of Roman Capsa (in Italian)](http://www.cassiciaco.it/navigazione/africa/siti_archeologici/capsa.html)

v t e Communes of Tunisia Ariana Governorate Ariana (seat) Ettadhamen Mnihla Kalâat el-Andalous Raoued Sidi Thabet La Soukra Béja Governorate Béja (seat) El Maâgoula Goubellat Medjez el-Bab Nefza Téboursouk Testour Amdoun Ouchtata Slouguia Sidi Ismail Thibar Ben Arous Governorate Ben Arous (seat) Bou Mhel el-Bassatine El Mourouj Ezzahra Hammam Chott Fouchana Hammam Lif Khalidia Mégrine Mohamedia Mornag Radès Bizerte Governorate Bizerte (seat) Aousja El Alia Ghar El Melh Mateur Menzel Bourguiba Menzel Jemil Menzel Abderrahmane Metline Raf Raf Ras Jebel Sejenane Tinja Ghezala Joumine Utique Gabès Governorate Gabès (seat) Chenini Nahal El Hamma Ghannouch Mareth Matmata Métouia Nouvelle Matmata Oudhref Zarat Bouchemma Menzel El Habib Teboulbou Gafsa Governorate Gafsa (seat) El Guettar El Ksar Mdhila Métlaoui Moulares Redeyef Sened Belkhir Lela Sidi Aïch Jendouba Governorate Jendouba (seat) Ain Draham Beni M'Tir Bou Salem Fernana Ghardimaou Oued Melliz Tabarka Kairouan Governorate Kairouan (seat) Ain Djeloula Alaâ Bou Hajla Chebika Echrarda Oueslatia Haffouz Hajeb El Ayoun Menzel Mehiri Nasrallah Sbikha Kasserine Governorate Kasserine (seat) Fériana Foussana Haidra Jedelienne Magel Bel Abbes Sbeitla Sbiba Thala Thélepte Hassi El Ferid El Ayoun Ezzouhour Kébili Governorate Kébili (seat) Douz El Golâa Djemna Faouar Rjim Maatoug Souk Lahad Kef Governorate Le Kef (seat) Dahmani Jérissa El Ksour Kalaat Senan Kalâat Khasba Menzel Salem Nebeur Sakiet Sidi Youssef Sers Tajerouine Touiref Mahdia Governorate Mahdia (seat) Bou Merdes Chebba Chorbane El Bradâa El Jem Essouassi Hebira Hiboun Kerker Ksour Essef Mellouleche Ouled Chamekh Rejiche Sidi Alouane Hkaima Sidi Zid Tlelsa Zelba Manouba Governorate La Manouba (seat) Borj El Amri Den Den Douar Hicher Djedeida El Battan Oued Ellil Mornaguia Tebourba Médenine Governorate Médenine (seat) Ajim Ben Gardane Beni Khedache Boughrara Houmt Souk Midoun Zarzis Sidi Makhlouf Monastir Governorate Monastir (seat) Amiret El Fhoul Amiret El Hojjaj Amiret Touazra Bekalta Bembla-Mnara Beni Hassen Bennane-Bodher Bouhjar Cherahil El Masdour Ghenada Jemmal Khniss Ksar Hellal Ksibet el-Médiouni Lamta Menzel Ennour Menzel Farsi Menzel Hayet Menzel Kamel Moknine Ouerdanin Sayada Teboulba Nabeul Governorate Nabeul (seat) Azmour Béni Khalled Béni Khiar Bou Argoub Dar Allouch Dar Chaabane El Haouaria El Maâmoura El Mida Grombalia Hammam Ghezeze Hammamet Kélibia Kerkouane Korba Korbous Menzel Bouzelfa Menzel Horr Menzel Temime Soliman Somâa Takelsa Tazerka Zaouiet Djedidi Sfax Governorate Sfax (seat) Agareb Bir Ali Ben Khélifa Bir Salah Chihia El Ain Graiba Gremda Jebiniana Kerkennah El Hencha Mahres Menzel Chaker Sakiet Eddaier Sakiet Ezzit Skhira Thyna El Amra Sidi Bouzid Governorate Sidi Bouzid (seat) Bir El Hafey Cebbala Ouled Asker Jilma Menzel Bouzaiane Meknassy Mezzouna Ouled Haffouz Regueb Sidi Ali Ben Aoun Al Ahouaz-El Assouda Baten Ghzal Bennour Essaïda Mansoura Rahal Souk Jedid Siliana Governorate Siliana (seat) Bargou Bou Arada El Aroussa El Krib Gaâfour Kesra Makthar Rouhia Sidi Bou Rouis Sousse Governorate Sousse (seat) Akouda Bouficha Enfida Ezzouhour Hammam Sousse Hergla Kalâa Kebira Kalâa Seghira Kondar Ksibet Thrayet Messaadine M'saken Sidi Bou Ali Sidi El Hani Zaouiet Sousse Chott Meriem Tataouine Governorate Tataouine (seat) Bir Lahmar Dehiba Ghomrassen Remada Smâr Tozeur Governorate Tozeur (seat) Degache El Hamma du Jérid Nefta Tamerza Hazoua Tunis Governorate Tunis (seat) Carthage La Goulette La Marsa Le Bardo Le Kram Sidi Bou Said Sidi Hassine Zaghouan Governorate Zaghouan (seat) El Fahs Djebel Oust Bir Mcherga Nadhour Zriba Saouaf

v t e Romano-Berber cities in Roman North Africa Sorted by contemporary national borders Morocco Anfa Cotta Exilissa Iulia Constantia Zilil Iulia Valentia Banasa Iulia Campestris Babba Lixus 2 Mogador Oppidum Novum (Tingitana) Sala 1 Tamuda 1 Thamusida Tingis Volubilis 1 Algeria Aquae Calidae Albulae Altava Auzia Calama Caesarea Cartennas Castellum Dimmidi Castellum Tingitanum Castra Nova Cirta Civitas Popthensis Collo Cohors Breucorum Cuicul 1 Diana Veteranorum Gemellae Gunugus Hippo Regius Icosium 1 Igilgili Iomnium Lamasba Lambaesis Madauros Mascula Mesarfelta Milevum Mina Oppidum Novum (Caesariensis) Parthenia Pomaria Portus Divinus Portus Magnus Quiza Xenitana Rapidum Rusguniae Rusucurru Saldae Setifis Siga Thagaste Thamugadi 1 Theveste Thibilis Thubursicum Tiddis Tingartia Tipasa 1 Tubusuctu Tubunae Unica Colonia Uzinaza Vescera Zaraï Zuccabar Tunisia Althiburos Bulla Regia Capsa Carthago 1 Cillium Dougga 1 Gightis Hadrumetum 1 Hippo Diarrhytus Kelibia Leptis Parva Mactaris Pheradi Majus Pupput Rucuma Ruspae Scillium Sicca Simitthus Sufetula Tacapae Taparura Sufes Thabraca Thanae Thapsus Thuburbo Majus Thuburnica Thysdrus Turris Tamalleni Utica Uthina Vaga Zama Regia Egypt Siwa Qara Farafra Spain Septem Rusadir Kingdoms and provinces Mauretania Mauretania Tingitana Mauretania Caesariensis Numidia Roman Africa Creta et Cyrenaica Roman Egypt Diocese of Africa Zeugitana Byzacena Vandal Kingdom Praetorian prefecture of Africa Exarchate of Africa Related articles Roman Africa North Africa during classical antiquity African Romance Limes Tripolitanus Christianity in the Roman Africa province Early African Church Church of Carthage Roman colonies in Berber Africa 1 UNESCO World Heritage Sites 2 Proposed

Authority control databases International VIAF GND FAST National United States France BnF data Israel Other IdRef NARA İslâm Ansiklopedisi Kulturenvanteri monument

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Gafsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gafsa) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gafsa?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.