# Gadidae

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{{Short description|Family of ray-finned fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Oligocene|recent}}<ref name=FB/>
| image = Atlantic cod.jpg
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_caption = [Atlantic cod](/source/Atlantic_cod), ''[Gadus morhua](/source/Gadus_morhua)''
| taxon = Gadidae
| authority = [Rafinesque](/source/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque), 1810
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text
}}

The '''Gadidae''' are a family of marine fish, included in the order [Gadiformes](/source/Gadiformes), known as the cods, codfishes, or true cods.<ref name= ITIS/>  It contains several commercially important fishes, including the [cod](/source/cod), [haddock](/source/haddock), [whiting](/source/Merlangius_merlangus), and [pollock](/source/pollock).

Most gadid species are found in temperate waters of the [Northern Hemisphere](/source/Northern_Hemisphere), but several range into subtropical, [subarctic](/source/subarctic), and [Arctic](/source/Arctic) oceans, and a single ([southern blue whiting](/source/southern_blue_whiting)) is found in the [Southern Hemisphere](/source/Southern_Hemisphere). They are generally medium-sized fish, and are distinguished by the presence of three [dorsal fin](/source/dorsal_fin)s on the back and two [anal fin](/source/anal_fin)s on the underside. Most species have [barbel](/source/barbel_(anatomy))s on their chins, which they use while browsing on the sea floor. Gadids are carnivorous, feeding on smaller fish and [crustacean](/source/crustacean)s.<ref name=FB>{{FishBase family |family=Gadidae |year=2008 |month=December}}</ref>

Gadids are highly prolific, producing several million eggs at each spawning. This contributes to their high population numbers, which, in turn, makes [commercial fishing](/source/commercial_fishing) relatively easy.<ref name=EoF>{{cite book |editor1=Paxton, J. R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W. N. |author= Cohen, Daniel M.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press |location=San Diego |pages=130–131 |isbn= 0-12-547665-5}}</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
In the past, the contents of this family varied depending on the taxonomic authority.  For example, fishes in the current [Lotidae](/source/Lotidae) (with [burbot](/source/burbot), [cusk](/source/cusk_(fish))) and [Phycidae](/source/Phycidae) (hakes) were included in the Gadidae, as its subfamilies Lotinae and Phycinae. However, they are presently considered distinct families from one another, based on phylogenetic analyses.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS| id = 164701
| taxon = Gadidae | access-date = 7 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="FB" /><ref>Nelson, J. S. 2006. [Fishes of the World](/source/Fishes_of_the_World), 4th edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Fricke |first=R. |last2=Eschmeyer |first2=W. N. |last3=Van der Laan |first3=R. |date=2025 |title=ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION |url=https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=California Academy of Sciences |language=en}}</ref>

The following genera are placed in the Gadidae:

* ''[Arctogadus](/source/Arctogadus)'' <small>[Dryagin](/source/Pavel_Amfilokhievich_Dryagin), 1932</small>
* ''[Boreogadus](/source/Boreogadus)'' <small>[Günther](/source/Albert_G%C3%BCnther), 1862</small>
* ''[Eleginus](/source/Eleginus)'' <small>[Fischer](/source/Johann_Fischer_von_Waldheim), 1813</small>
* ''[Gadiculus](/source/Gadiculus)'' <small>[Guichenot](/source/Alphonse_Guichenot), 1850</small>
* ''[Gadus](/source/Gadus)'' <small>[Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae)</small>
* ''[Melanogrammus](/source/Melanogrammus)'' <small>[Gill](/source/Theodore_Gill), 1862</small>
* ''[Merlangius](/source/Merlangius)'' <small>[Garsault](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois_Alexandre_Pierre_de_Garsault), 1764</small>
* ''[Microgadus](/source/Microgadus)'' <small>[Gill](/source/Theodore_Gill), 1865</small>
* ''[Micromesistius](/source/Micromesistius)'' <small>Gill, 1863</small>
* ''[Pollachius](/source/Pollachius)'' <small>[Nilsson](/source/Sven_Nilsson_(zoologist)), 1832</small>
* ''[Trisopterus](/source/Trisopterus)'' <small>[Rafinesque](/source/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque), 1814</small>

The following fossil genera are also known:

* †''[Palimphemus](/source/Palimphemus)'' <small>[Kner](/source/Rudolf_Kner)</small><small>, 1862 (</small>early-late [Miocene](/source/Miocene) of Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Kazakhstan and North Caucasus, Russia)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Carnevale |first1=Giorgio |last2=Harzhauser |first2=Mathias |last3=Schultz |first3=Ortwin |date=2012 |title=The Miocene gadid fish Palimphemus anceps Kner, 1862: a reappraisal |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/g2012n3a9 |journal=Geodiversitas |language=en |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=625–643 |doi=10.5252/g2012n3a9 |bibcode=2012Geodv..34..625C |hdl=2318/118901 |issn=1280-9659|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Schwarzhans |first1=Werner |last2=Carnevale |first2=Giorgio |last3=Bratishko |first3=Andriy |last4=Japundžić |first4=Sanja |last5=Bradić |first5=Katarina |date=2017 |title=Otoliths in situ from Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) fishes of the Paratethys. Part II: Gadidae and Lotidae |url=https://sjpp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1007/s13358-016-0114-5 |journal=Swiss Journal of Palaeontology |language=en |volume=136 |issue=1 |pages=19–43 |doi=10.1007/s13358-016-0114-5 |bibcode=2017SwJP..136...19S |issn=1664-2384}}</ref>
* †''[Paratrisopterus](/source/Paratrisopterus)'' <small>Fedotov, 1971</small> <small>(</small>mid-late Miocene of Poland, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Abkhazia and North Caucasus, Russia)<ref name=":0" />
* †''[Semeniolum](/source/Semeniolum)'' <small>Gaemers, 1984</small> [<nowiki/>[otolith](/source/otolith)] - (early-late [Oligocene](/source/Oligocene) of the Netherlands and Germany)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gaemers |first=Pieter |date=2017-07-17 |title=Taxonomy, Distribution and Evolution of Trisopterine Gadidae by Means of Otoliths and Other Characteristics |journal=Fishes |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=18–51 |doi=10.3390/fishes1010018 |bibcode=2017Fishe...1...18G |doi-access=free |issn=2410-3888}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[Diseases and parasites in cod](/source/Diseases_and_parasites_in_cod)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline|Gadidae}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Gadidae}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q208028}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Gadidae
Category:Euteleostei families
Category:Extant Oligocene first appearances
Category:Marine fish families
Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

{{gadiformes-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Gadidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.