# GRB 230307A

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Gamma ray burst from a neutron star merger outside their galaxy

GRB 230307A An image of GRB 230307A with the red dot on the upper left corner being the gamma ray burst's near-infrared afterglow and the galaxy on the lower right corner being its former home galaxy Event type Gamma ray burst Constellation Mensa Right ascension 04h 03m 26.24s Declination −75° 22′ 43.82″ Distance 900 million light years (comoving) Redshift 0.065 Total energy output 10-1000 KeV Related media on Commons [edit on Wikidata]

**GRB 230307A** was an extremely [bright](/source/Brightness), long duration [gamma-ray burst](/source/Gamma-ray_burst) (GRB), likely produced as a consequence of a [neutron star merger](/source/Neutron_star_merger) or black hole - neutron star merger event. It lasted around three minutes,[1] and was observed to have a gamma ray fluence of 3×10−4 [erg](/source/Erg) cm−2 in the 10 to 1000 [KeV](/source/Electronvolt) ([electronvolt](/source/Electronvolt)) range making it second only to [GRB 221009A](/source/GRB_221009A), which was an extremely bright and long duration [gamma ray burst](/source/Gamma-ray_burst) deemed to be the Brightest Of All Time. The burst was around 1000 times more powerful than a typical gamma-ray burst.[1] The burst had the second-highest gamma-ray fluence ever recorded. The [James Webb Space Telescope](/source/James_Webb_Space_Telescope) ([JWST](/source/James_Webb_Space_Telescope)) detected the chemical signature for [tellurium](/source/Tellurium) (Te).[2][3] The [neutron stars](/source/Neutron_star) were once part of a [spiral galaxy](/source/Spiral_galaxy) (host galaxy) but were kicked out via [gravitational](/source/Gravity) interactions. Then while outside of the main [galaxy](/source/Galaxy) at a distance of 120,000 [light years](/source/Light-year), they merged, creating GRB 230307A.[3]

230307A is the second brightest gamma ray burst detected in more than 50 years of observations and is located behind the [Magellanic Bridge](/source/Magellanic_Bridge). Despite its long duration, it is most likely the result of the compact merger of a binary ejected from a [galaxy in the local universe](/source/Local_Sheet) (redshift z=0.065).[4]

## Discovery

At 15:44:06 UT on 7 Mar 2023, the [Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor](/source/Fermi_Gamma-ray_Burst_Monitor) (GBM) triggered and located GRB 230307A .[5] at the same time, the [Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor](/source/Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor) light curve shows a roughly fast rise and exponential decay (FRED) shape with a possible precursor, with a total duration of ~100 sec.[6] At 2023-03-07T15:44:09Z UT ([Solar Orbiter](/source/Solar_Orbiter) onboard time), [Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays](/source/Spectrometer_Telescope_for_Imaging_X-rays) (STIX) detected GRB 230307A. The gamma-ray burst signal can be clearly seen in the STIX quick-look light curves in the range between 10 - 84 keV. The GRB has a single peak and a duration of about 40 seconds.[7] The [AGILE](/source/AGILE_(satellite)) team also reported hours, T0 =15:44:06 (UTC) The event lasted about 30 s and it released a total number of 527069 counts in the MCAL detector (above a background rate of 1154 Hz), and 920952 counts in the AC Top detector (above a background rate of 2959 Hz).[8] The 2001 Mars Odyssey's [Gamma Ray Spectrometer](/source/Gamma_Ray_Spectrometer_(2001_Mars_Odyssey)) on Mars also reported it within 12 hours resulting in precisely estimating its incoming direction through [Interplanetary Network](/source/InterPlanetary_Network) [triangulation](/source/Triangulation).[9][10] Tellurium (Te) in GRB 230307A was discovered in 2023 by using the [James Webb's Space Telescope's](/source/James_Webb_Space_Telescope) ([JWST](/source/James_Webb_Space_Telescope)) [mid infrared](/source/Infrared) data. JWST obtained mid-infrared (mid-IR) imaging and spectroscopy 29 and 61 days after the burst.[11]

## See also

- [Christmas burst](/source/GRB_101225A) ([GRB 101225A](/source/GRB_101225A)) - a 28 [minute](/source/Minute) long [Gamma ray burst](/source/Gamma-ray_burst) that occurred in December 25, 2010[12]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_1-1) ["Neutron Star Merger Observed Creating Tellurium and Other Heavy Elements"](https://www.sci.news/astronomy/neutron-star-merger-tellurium-12392.html). *Sci.News: Breaking Science News*. 2023-10-26. Retrieved 2023-10-27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Levan, Andrew; Gompertz, Benjamin P.; Salafia, Om Sharan; Bulla, Mattia; Burns, Eric; Hotokezaka, Kenta; Izzo, Luca; Lamb, Gavin P.; Malesani, Daniele B.; Oates, Samantha R.; Ravasio, Maria Edvige; Rouco Escorial, Alicia; Schneider, Benjamin; Sarin, Nikhil; Schulze, Steve (2023-10-25). ["Heavy element production in a compact object merger observed by JWST"](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06759-1). *Nature*. **626** (8000): 737–741. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2307.02098](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.02098). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41586-023-06759-1](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-023-06759-1). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0028-0836](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [37879361](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37879361).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_3-1) ["NASA's Webb Makes First Detection of Heavy Element From Star Merger - NASA"](https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-makes-first-detection-of-heavy-element-from-star-merger/). 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2023-10-26.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Mereghetti, Sandro; Rigoselli, Michela; Salvaterra, Ruben; Tiengo, Andrea; Pacholski, Dominik (2023). ["XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL observations of the bright GRB 230307A : Vanishing of the local absorption and limits on the dust in the Magellanic Bridge"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Facf846). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **956** (2): 97. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2307.13514](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.13514). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2023ApJ...956...97M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023ApJ...956...97M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/1538-4357/acf846](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Facf846).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["GCN - Circulars - 33405: GRB 230307A: Fermi GBM Final Real-time Localization"](https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/33405?page=15).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["GCN - Circulars - 33406: GRB 230307A: GECAM detection of an extremely bright burst"](https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/33406).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["GCN - Circulars - 33410: Solar Orbiter STIX observation of GRB 230307A"](https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/33410).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["GCN - Circulars - 33412: GRB 230307A: AGILE/MCAL detection"](https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/33412).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** works on the data from several missions and takes advantage from the detection of the same burst by different satellites and/or spacecraft equipped with GRB detectors. The principle on which the IPN is based is simple: by timing the arrival of the same burst at different spacecraft, its incoming direction can be precisely estimated.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["GCN - Circulars - 33413: IPN triangulation of GRB 230307A (Long/Very bright)"](https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/33413).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** JWST detection of heavy neutron capture elements in a compact object merger|[https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.02098](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.02098)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** SVS (2015-12-24). ["NASA Scientific Visualization Studio | The Christmas Burst"](https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12077/). *SVS*. Retrieved 2023-10-26.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [GRB 230307A](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_230307A) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_230307A?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.