# GQ Lupi

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Star in the constellation of Lupus

GQ Lupi A visual band light curve for GQ Lupi. The main plot (from ASAS data[1]), shows the long-term variability, and the inset plot (adapted from Broeg et al.[2]) shows the short-term periodic brightness variation. Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox ICRS Constellation Lupus[3] GQ Lupi A Right ascension 15h 49m 12.1054s[4] Declination −35° 39′ 05.058″[4] Apparent magnitude (V) 11.3–14.3[3] GQ Lupi C Right ascension 15h 49m 13.3078s[5] Declination −35° 39′ 11.761″[5] Apparent magnitude (V) 19.72[6] Characteristics GQ Lupi A Evolutionary stage Pre-main sequence[7] Spectral type K7Ve[8] B−V color index 0.96[9] Variable type T Tauri variable[3] GQ Lupi C Evolutionary stage Pre-main sequence[10] Spectral type M4[10] Astrometry GQ Lupi A Radial velocity (Rv) −3.6±1.3[11] km/s Proper motion (μ) RA: −14.133[4] mas/yr Dec.: −23.329[4] mas/yr Parallax (π) 6.4893±0.0289 mas[4] Distance 503 ± 2 ly (154.1 ± 0.7 pc) GQ Lupi C Proper motion (μ) RA: −14.508[5] mas/yr Dec.: −23.862[5] mas/yr Parallax (π) 5.7229±0.3559 mas[5] Distance 570 ± 40 ly (170 ± 10 pc) Position (relative to GQ Lupi A) Component GQ Lupi C Projected separation 2430[10] AU Details GQ Lupi A Mass 1.03±0.05[12] M☉ Radius 1.75+0.06 −0.07[13] R☉ Luminosity 1.05+0.27 −0.22[14] L☉ Surface gravity (log g) 3.7[15] cgs Temperature 4306±35[13] K Rotation 8.45±0.20[2] days Rotational velocity (v sin i) 5.66±0.02[16] km/s Age 2.8+1.8 −1.1[14] Myr GQ Lupi C Mass 0.15±0.05[10] M☉ Radius 0.87±0.20[10] R☉ Luminosity 0.07±0.02[10] L☉ Temperature 3230±101[10] K Rotational velocity (v sin i) 13±6[10] km/s Other designations GQ Lup, WDS J15492-3539[17] GQ Lupi A: CD−35°10525[17] GQ Lupi C: 2MASS J15491331-3539118[18] Database references SIMBAD GQ Lupi A SIMBAD GQ Lupi C

**GQ Lupi** is a possible [binary star](/source/Binary_star) system in the constellation [Lupus](/source/Lupus_(constellation)). The system is young, with an age of a few million years (for comparison, the [Solar System](/source/Solar_System) is roughly 4.6 billion years old), and is within the Lupus I [star-forming region](/source/Star-forming_region),[10] which is part of the [Scorpius–Centaurus association](/source/Scorpius%E2%80%93Centaurus_association).[19]

## Stellar system

The primary component is designated GQ Lupi A, and was referred to simply as GQ Lupi before the discovery of the secondary stellar companion. It is a [T Tauri star](/source/T_Tauri_star), with a variable [apparent magnitude](/source/Apparent_magnitude) ranging from 11.3 at brightest and 14.3 at faintest.[3] The [spectral type](/source/Spectral_type) is K7Ve, with the 'e' indicating [emission lines](/source/Emission_lines) in the spectrum,[8] which in classical T Tauri stars such as GQ Lupi results from an extensive surrounding disk.[3] The star has 1.03 times the [mass of the Sun](/source/Mass_of_the_Sun)[12] and 1.75 times the [Sun's radius](/source/Sun's_radius), with an [effective temperature](/source/Effective_temperature) of 4306 [K](/source/Kelvin).[12] Its age is estimated at 2.8+1.8 −1.1 million years.[14] This star is surrounded by a [circumstellar disk](/source/Circumstellar_disk) with a major axis of 59±12 [AU](/source/Astronomical_unit).[12]

In 2020, a low-mass companion of GQ Lupi was discovered at a separation of about 16 [arcseconds](/source/Arcsecond), or 2400 AU. Designated 2MASS J15491331-3539118 in the [2MASS](/source/2MASS) catalogue, it is a young stellar object that is likely gravitationally bound to the primary star, although the low quality of the companion's [proper motion](/source/Proper_motion) and [parallax](/source/Parallax) does not allow for a definitive conclusion. It is estimated to be approximately 15% the Sun's mass and 87% the Sun's radius. It has an effective temperature of about 3230 K, indicating that it is a [red dwarf](/source/Red_dwarf) with the spectral type M4.[10]

## Substellar companion

VLT NACO image, taken in the Ks-band, of GQ Lupi. The feeble point of light to the right of the star is the newly found cold companion. It is 250 times fainter than the star itself and it located 0.73 [arc second](/source/Arc_second) west. At the distance of GQ Lupi, this corresponds to a separation of roughly 100 [AU](/source/Astronomical_unit). North is up and East is to the left.

In 2005, Ralph Neuhäuser and his colleagues reported a [substellar object](/source/Substellar_object), [GQ Lupi b](/source/GQ_Lupi_b), orbiting the star. Along with [2M1207b](/source/2M1207b), this was one of the first [extrasolar planet](/source/Extrasolar_planet) candidates to be directly imaged. The image was made with the [VLT telescope](/source/Very_Large_Telescope) at [Paranal Observatory](/source/Paranal_Observatory), [Chile](/source/Chile), on June 25, 2004. Depending on its mass and the [definition of a planet](/source/Definition_of_a_planet), GQ Lupi b may or may not be considered a planet.[20] As of 2006, the [International Astronomical Union](/source/International_Astronomical_Union) Working Group on Extrasolar Planets described GQ Lupi b as a "possible planetary-mass companion to a young star".[21]

The GQ Lupi planetary system Companion (in order from star) Mass Semimajor axis (AU) Orbital period (years) Eccentricity Inclination (°) Radius b ~10 – 40[16] MJ 97.7+8.9 −7.1[22] 921+159 −124[a] 0.35+0.10 −0.09[22] 48+4 −5[22] 3.7±0.7[14] RJ

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-period_23-0)** Calculated using P2 = a3 / Mtot, where a is the [semi-major axis](/source/Semi-major_axis) in [astronomical units](/source/Astronomical_unit), Mtot is the total mass of the system, in M☉, and P is the period in years. Upper error bar calculated with the −7.14 uncertainty in a and +0.07 in Mtot. Lower error bar calculated with the +8.92 uncertainty in a and −0.06 in Mtot.

## References

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## External links

- Guenther, E. W.; Neuhäuser, R.; Wuchterl, G.; Mugrauer, M.; Bedalov, A.; Hauschildt, P. H. (2005). "The low-mass companion of GQ Lup". *Astronomische Nachrichten*. **326** (10): 958–963. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0510794](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0510794). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2005AN....326..958G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AN....326..958G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/asna.200510461](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fasna.200510461).

- Neuhaeuser, Ralph (2005). "Homogeneous comparison of directly detected planet candidates: GQ Lup, 2M1207, AB Pic". [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0509906](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0509906).

- Young, Kelly (2005-04-04). ["First image of exoplanet orbiting Sun-like star"](https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7225). *New Scientist*. Retrieved 2008-06-09.

- ["Telescopes see 'distant planet'"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4408187.stm). *BBC News*. 2005-04-04. Retrieved 2008-06-09.

- Britt, Robert Roy (2005-04-30). ["Fresh Debate over First Photo of Extrasolar Planet"](https://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/050430_exoplanet_image.html). *SPACE.com*. Retrieved 2008-06-09.

v t e Constellation of Lupus List of stars in Lupus Lupus in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Uridim) β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν1 ν2 ξ ο π ρ σ τ1 τ2 υ φ1 φ2 χ ψ1 ψ2 ω Flamsteed 1 (i) 2 (f) Variable RU EX GG GQ HR II IL IM KT (d) V407 V462 HR 5362 5364 5401 5651 (e) 5724 (k) 5825 (g) 5943 5967 HD 134004 135344 136164 141943 142527 143811 Other Gliese 588 HIP 70849 Lupus-TR-3 SSSPM J1549−3544 WASP-132 Exoplanets GQ Lupi b HIP 70849 b Lupus-TR-3b WASP-178b Star clusters NGC 5749 NGC 5822 NGC 5824 NGC 5927 NGC 5986 Nebulae IC 4406 NGC 5882 Galaxies IC 4444 NGC 5530 NGC 5643 Astronomical events SN 1006 Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [GQ Lupi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GQ_Lupi) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GQ_Lupi?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.