# GM Medium Diesel engine

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Reciprocating internal combustion engine

GM Medium Diesel Engine Section of the Opel 1.6 CDTI ecoFLEX engine from 2013 Overview Manufacturer General Motors Production 2013 (2013)–present Layout Configuration Straight-3 (2019 (2019)) Straight-4 (2013 (2013)) Displacement 1.5 L; 91.3 cu in (1,496 cc) 1.6 L; 97.5 cu in (1,598 cc) 2.0 L; 121.7 cu in (1,995 cc) Cylinder bore 79.7 mm (3.14 in) 84 mm (3.31 in) Piston stroke 80.1 mm (3.15 in) 90 mm (3.54 in) Cylinder block material Aluminium Cylinder head material Aluminium Valvetrain DOHC 4 valves x cyl. Compression ratio 16.0:1 Combustion Turbocharger Twin-turbo (in 2016 Opel Astra K) Fuel system Common rail Fuel type Diesel Cooling system Water-cooled Output Power output 95–160 hp (71–119 kW; 96–162 PS) Torque output 280–356 N⋅m (207–263 lb⋅ft) Emissions Emissions target standard Euro 6 Emissions control systems SCR, AdBlue Chronology Predecessor Family B/Circle L engine

The **Medium Diesel Engine** (MDE) is a four-cylinder diesel engine developed by [General Motors](/source/General_Motors) and branded "1.6 CDTI [Ecotec](/source/Ecotec)" in most markets. [Opel](/source/Opel) also adds the marketing term "Whisper Diesel" in some markets, claiming relatively low levels of [noise, vibration, and harshness](/source/Noise%2C_vibration%2C_and_harshness). Production commenced in late 2013 at [Szentgotthárd](/source/Szentgotth%C3%A1rd), Hungary. The MDE is Opel's first all-aluminum diesel engine and offers a power density of 85 hp (63 kW) per liter 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) in its most powerful version. Maximum power and torque have been increased versus the previous-generation 1.7-liter engine, while [fuel consumption](/source/Fuel_consumption_in_automobiles) has been reduced by up to 10 percent compared with a 2.0-liter CDTI engine of similar power output.[1] This new 1.6 CDTI engine will replace the current 1.7-liter and lower-powered 2.0-liter diesel engines in a wide range of Opel models, with more- and less-powerful versions to come. The most powerful version of this engine, delivering 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) at 3,500–4,000 rpm and 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm, was first introduced in the 2013 [Opel Zafira Tourer](/source/Opel_Zafira#Zafira_Tourer_C_(2011–present)),[2] and later in the 2014 [Opel Astra J](/source/Opel_Astra#Astra_J) and restyled 2014 [Opel Meriva B](/source/Opel_Meriva#Meriva_B_(2010-present)). In 2014, versions were released with power outputs of 110 and 95 PS (81 and 70 kW; 108 and 94 hp).

The engine's displacement is 1.6 L (1,598 cc) and it has a bore/stroke ratio of 79.7 mm × 80.1 mm (3.14 in × 3.15 in), attaining cylinder pressures of 180 bar (2,600 psi) and a compression ratio of 16.0:1. It uses an aluminum engine block, die-cast aluminum bedplate, and an aluminum cylinder head. A [chain driven](/source/Chain_drive) [dual overhead camshaft](/source/DOHC), employing weight-saving hollow sections and lobes, operates [four valves per cylinder](/source/Multi-valve#Four_valves) with low-friction, hydraulic roller finger followers. The pistons are made from aluminum for reduced reciprocating mass, feature a concave, shallow-bowl profile to facilitate efficient combustion, and are cooled by under-skirt oil spraying. The [crankshaft](/source/Crankshaft) employs four counterweights to minimize mass, and both it and the [con-rods](/source/Connecting_rod) are made of [forged steel](/source/Forged_steel). The engine features multiple improvements to reduce [NVH](/source/Noise%2C_vibration%2C_and_harshness), such as a cam cover made of [GRP](/source/Fiberglass) and fully decoupled from the engine to reduce noise and vibration, while also saving weight compared to aluminum; a composite [intake manifold](/source/Inlet_manifold) encapsulated in acoustic padding as well as an external plastic shield that both significantly reduce noise emissions; a mechanical crankshaft isolator which reduces radiated noise and torsional vibrations in the accessory drive system; and scissor gears for the timing drive system, incorporating tooth profiles ground with a Low Noise Shifting (LNS) process for optimal noise reduction. More than 150 patented diesel control functions are deployed by the engine's [ECU](/source/Engine_control_unit), which was developed in-house by General Motors and jointly engineered in Italy (by [GM Powertrain Torino](/source/GM_Powertrain_Torino)), Germany, and the United States, and will be used in all future GM four-cylinder diesel engines.

Low fuel consumption and [Euro 6](/source/Euro_6)-standard emissions (effective from September 2015) are also made possible by the use of Opel's "BlueInjection" [Selective catalytic reduction](/source/Selective_catalytic_reduction) (SCR) system, which injects [AdBlue](/source/Diesel_exhaust_fluid), a urea-and-water solution, into the exhaust stream. The solution decomposes into ammonia, which is then stored on a catalyst substrate. When [nitrogen oxide](/source/Nitrogen_oxide) (NO*x*) from the exhaust gases enters the catalyst, it is then selectively reduced to nitrogen and water.

From 2013, this engine replaced the [1.7 L CDTI](/source/Circle_L_engine) as well as lower-powered variants of the [2.0 L CDTI](/source/GM_Family_B_engine) Ecotec 110 and 130 PS (81 and 96 kW; 108 and 128 hp) engines in Opel cars, and also superseded the [1.3 L CDTI](/source/JTD_engine#1.3) engines in the Corsa, Meriva and Astra. GM also introduced the MDE engine in the 2017 [Chevrolet Cruze](/source/Chevrolet_Cruze#Second_generation_(J400)) and the 2018 [Chevrolet Equinox](/source/Chevrolet_Equinox#Third_generation_(2018)) and [GMC Terrain](/source/GMC_Terrain#Second_generation_(2018)) sold in the United States.

[Opel Astra K](/source/Opel_Astra_K) uses the B16DTH engine variant of  GM Medium Diesel engine

## Applications and usage

The applications of these engines are summarized below:

Variant Cylinder arrangement Displacement Bore and stroke (mm) Charging Power hp/rpm Torque N⋅m/rpm Production year F15DVC Inline 3 1496 84 x 90 Turbodiesel Direct injection common rail 105/3250 260/ 1500–2500 Opel Astra K 1.5 CDTI 105 HP from 08/2019 F15DVH 122/3500 300/ 1750–2500 Opel Astra K 1.5 CDTI 122 HP from 08/2019 Opel Insignia B 1.5 CDTI (122 HP) from 03/2020 B16DTC Inline 4 1598 79,7 x 80,1 95/3500 280/ 1500–1750 Opel Meriva B 1.6 CDTI 95 HP 2014–17 B16DTE Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI 95 HP 07/2015-06/2018 B16DTL 110/4000 300/ 2000–2250 Opel Insignia B 1.6 CDTI (110 HP) 02/2017-10/2019 Opel Mokka 1.6 CDTI 110HP 06/2015-08/2016 Opel Mokka X 1.6 CDTI 110 HP 09/2016-06/2019 300/ 1750–2000 Opel Astra J 1.6 CDTI 110 HP 2014–18 B16DTN Opel Meriva B 1.6 CDTI 110 HP 2014–17 B16DTU Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI 110 HP 07/2015-06/2018 D16DTU Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI 110 HP 06/2018-07/2019 B16DTJ 120/4000 320/ 2000–2250 Opel Insignia A 1.6 CDTI 120 HP 08/2015-02/2017 Opel Zafira Tourer 1.6 CDTI 120 HP 06/2014-11/2018 B16DTH 136/4000 Opel Astra J 1.6 CDTI 136 HP 5p 05/2014-08/2015 Opel Astra J 1.6 CDTI 136 HP Sedan, Sports Tourer e GTC 05/2014-11/2018 Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI 136 HP 07/2015-06/2018 Opel Insignia A 1.6 CDTI 136 HP 08/2015-02/2017 Opel Insignia B 1.6 CDTI 136 HP 02/2017-02/2020 Opel Meriva 1.6 CDTI 136 HP 02/2014-05/2017 Opel Zafira Tourer 1.6 CDTI 136 HP 06/2013-07/2019 Opel Mokka 1.6 CDTI (136 HP) 04/2015-08/2016 Opel Mokka X 1.6 CDTI (136 HP) 09/2016-06/2019 D16DTH Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI (136 HP) 06/2018-07/2019 B16DTR Biturbodiesel direct injection common rail 160/4000 350/ 1500–2250 Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI Biturbo 10/2015-06/2018 D16DTR 150/4000 Opel Astra K 1.6 CDTI Biturbo 06/2018-04/2019 F20DVH 1995 84 x 90 Turbodiesel Direct injection common rail 174/3500 381/ 1500–2750 Opel Insignia B 2.0 from 03/2020

## Timing chain malfunction

The engine is prone to early timing chain wear and failure, early symptoms include a rattling sound during start up and during operation eventually leading to total engine failure. This issue has never been addressed by the manufacturer and appears to affect all production years. The timing chain is located at the rear of the engine and as such replacement is significantly harder and expensive than a typical (front) timing chain.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

This issue is easily averted by using [0w20](/source/SAE_J300) oil as now recommended by Vauxhall/Opel and the chain replacement tends to be carried out alongside clutch replacement as the gearbox will already be removed from that side of the engine. Replacing the stock chain tensioner with a part from the GM Duramax 3.0 engine also helps as the chain tensioner from the larger engine is a more robust part.

The rattle has been known to start as early as 50 000 miles, but this is similar to the issue with the 1.3 LSF engine used in previous Astras. If the oil and filter is changed regularly, the replacement window becomes significantly larger – as much as 100 000 miles. Some customers reported that the rattle sound appear briefly during startup and at the range between 1 500 and 2 500 rpm.

Vauxhall recommends 20 000 miles or 12 month oil services, it is suggested halving that to 10 000 or 6 months. The typical repair times of the timing chain are 14 to 16 hours within a workshop with a two post vehicle lift.

## See also

- [GM Medium Gasoline Engine](/source/GM_Medium_Gasoline_Engine)

- [GM Small Gasoline Engine](/source/GM_Small_Gasoline_Engine)

- [List of GM engines](/source/List_of_GM_engines)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Vauxhall reveals radical new engine strategy"](http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/vauxhall/63557/vauxhall-reveals-radical-new-engine-strategy). *Auto Express*. 17 April 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Vauxhall Zafira Tourer 1.6 diesel"](http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/vauxhall/zafira-tourer/65800/vauxhall-zafira-tourer-16-diesel). 31 August 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.

## External links

- [http://gmpowertrain.com](http://gmpowertrain.com)

- [Green Car Congress](http://www.greencarcongress.com/2013/04/page/17/)

- [http://www.greencarcongress.com/2013/01/opel-20130116.html](http://www.greencarcongress.com/2013/01/opel-20130116.html)

- [http://media.opel.com/content/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2013/opel/02-13-opel-zafira-seven-seater.html](http://media.opel.com/content/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2013/opel/02-13-opel-zafira-seven-seater.html)

- [http://media.opel.com/content/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2013/opel/01_16_new_opel_diesel.html](http://media.opel.com/content/media/intl/en/opel/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/intl/en/2013/opel/01_16_new_opel_diesel.html)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [GM Medium Diesel engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM_Medium_Diesel_engine) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM_Medium_Diesel_engine?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.