# GIT1

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Protein-coding gene in humans

GIT1 Identifiers Aliases GIT1, GIT ArfGAP 1, p95-APP1 External IDs OMIM: 608434; MGI: 1927140; HomoloGene: 32204; GeneCards: GIT1; OMA:GIT1 - orthologs Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 17 (human)[1] Band 17q11.2 Start 29,573,475 bp[1] End 29,594,054 bp[1] Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11|11 B5 Start 77,384,388 bp[2] End 77,398,612 bp[2] RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right frontal lobe cingulate gyrus anterior cingulate cortex olfactory bulb left testis amygdala prefrontal cortex cerebellar vermis putamen right testis Top expressed in superior frontal gyrus primary visual cortex perirhinal cortex entorhinal cortex dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell CA3 field ankle joint seminiferous tubule spermatid hippocampus proper More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function protein-containing complex binding protein binding metal ion binding GTPase activator activity Cellular component membrane focal adhesion cytoplasm cytosol calyx of Held Biological process ephrin receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of GTPase activity regulation of cytokinesis regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 28964 216963 Ensembl ENSG00000108262 ENSMUSG00000011877 UniProt Q9Y2X7 Q68FF6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001085454 NM_014030 NM_001004144 NM_001374758 RefSeq (protein) NP_001078923 NP_054749 NP_001004144 NP_001361687 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 29.57 – 29.59 Mb Chr 11: 77.38 – 77.4 Mb PubMed search [3] [4] Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

**ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT1** is an [enzyme](/source/Enzyme) that in humans is encoded by the *GIT1* [gene](/source/Gene).[5][6][7]

GIT1 contains an ARFGAP domain, [Anykrin repeats](/source/Ankyrin_repeats), and a GRK-interacting domain. The [Arf-GAP](/source/Arfaptin) domain, which enables it to act as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the Arf family of GTPases, has been shown to be involved in phosphorylation and inhibition of the ADRB2. If synaptic localization of GIT1 is disturbed, then this is known to affect dendritic spine morphology and formation—this is thought to occur through the Rac1/PAK1/LIMK/CFL1 pathway.[8]

## Interactions

GIT1 has been shown to [interact](/source/Protein-protein_interaction) with:

- [ARHGEF7](/source/ARHGEF7),[9][10]

- [Beta adrenergic receptor kinase](/source/Beta_adrenergic_receptor_kinase),[5][6]

- [GIT2](/source/GIT2),[9]

- [PCLO](/source/PCLO),[9]

- [PLCG1](/source/PLCG1),[11]

- [PPFIA4](/source/PPFIA4)[12][13]

- [PTK2](/source/PTK2),[9][12][14] and

- [liprin-alpha-1](/source/Liprin-alpha-1).[12][13]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2) [GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000108262](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000108262) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2) [GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000011877](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000011877) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Human PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=28964). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Mouse PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=216963). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid9826657_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid9826657_5-1) Premont RT, Claing A, Vitale N, Freeman JL, Pitcher JA, Patton WA, Moss J, Vaughan M, Lefkowitz RJ (December 1998). ["beta2-Adrenergic receptor regulation by GIT1, a G protein-coupled receptor kinase-associated ADP ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC24330). *Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A*. **95** (24): 14082–14087. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1998PNAS...9514082P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998PNAS...9514082P). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.95.24.14082](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.95.24.14082). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [24330](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC24330). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9826657](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9826657).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid10896954_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid10896954_6-1) Premont RT, Claing A, Vitale N, Perry SJ, Lefkowitz RJ (August 2000). ["The GIT family of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins. Functional diversity of GIT2 through alternative splicing"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.275.29.22373). *J Biol Chem*. **275** (29): 22373–22380. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.275.29.22373](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.275.29.22373). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10896954](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10896954).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-entrez_7-0)** ["Entrez Gene: GIT1 G protein-coupled receptor kinase interactor 1"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=28964).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Zhang H, Webb DJ, Asmussen H, Horwitz AF (2003). ["Synapse formation is regulated by the signaling adaptor GIT1"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2172873). *J. Cell Biol*. **161** (1): 131–142. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1083/jcb.200211002](https://doi.org/10.1083%2Fjcb.200211002). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [2172873](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2172873). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12695502](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12695502).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid12473661_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid12473661_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-pmid12473661_9-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-pmid12473661_9-3) Kim S, Ko J, Shin H, Lee JR, Lim C, Han JH, Altrock WD, Garner CC, Gundelfinger ED, Premont RT, Kaang BK, Kim E (February 2003). ["The GIT family of proteins forms multimers and associates with the presynaptic cytomatrix protein Piccolo"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M212287200). *J. Biol. Chem*. **278** (8): 6291–300. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.M212287200](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M212287200). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12473661](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12473661).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid10428811_10-0)** Bagrodia S, Bailey D, Lenard Z, Hart M, Guan JL, Premont RT, Taylor SJ, Cerione RA (August 1999). ["A tyrosine-phosphorylated protein that binds to an important regulatory region on the cool family of p21-activated kinase-binding proteins"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.274.32.22393). *J. Biol. Chem*. **274** (32): 22393–400. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.274.32.22393](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.274.32.22393). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10428811](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10428811).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid14523024_11-0)** Haendeler J, Yin G, Hojo Y, Saito Y, Melaragno M, Yan C, Sharma VK, Heller M, Aebersold R, Berk BC (December 2003). ["GIT1 mediates Src-dependent activation of phospholipase Cgamma by angiotensin II and epidermal growth factor"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M307317200). *J. Biol. Chem*. **278** (50): 49936–44. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.M307317200](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M307317200). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [14523024](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14523024).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid12629171_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid12629171_12-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-pmid12629171_12-2) Ko J, Kim S, Valtschanoff JG, Shin H, Lee JR, Sheng M, Premont RT, Weinberg RJ, Kim E (March 2003). ["Interaction between liprin-alpha and GIT1 is required for AMPA receptor targeting"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741975). *J. Neurosci*. **23** (5): 1667–77. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-05-01667.2003](https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.23-05-01667.2003). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [6741975](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741975). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12629171](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12629171).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid12923177_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid12923177_13-1) Ko J, Na M, Kim S, Lee JR, Kim E (October 2003). ["Interaction of the ERC family of RIM-binding proteins with the liprin-alpha family of multidomain proteins"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M307561200). *J. Biol. Chem*. **278** (43): 42377–85. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.M307561200](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M307561200). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12923177](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12923177).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid10938112_14-0)** Zhao ZS, Manser E, Loo TH, Lim L (September 2000). ["Coupling of PAK-interacting exchange factor PIX to GIT1 promotes focal complex disassembly"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86110). *Mol. Cell. Biol*. **20** (17): 6354–63. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1128/mcb.20.17.6354-6363.2000](https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fmcb.20.17.6354-6363.2000). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [86110](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86110). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10938112](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10938112).

## Further reading

- Hoefen RJ, Berk BC (2006). ["The multifunctional GIT family of proteins"](https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjcs.02925). *J. Cell Sci*. **119** (Pt 8): 1469–1475. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1242/jcs.02925](https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjcs.02925). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16598076](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16598076).

- Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). ["Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery"](https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.6.9.791). *Genome Res*. **6** (9): 791–806. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1101/gr.6.9.791](https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.6.9.791). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8889548](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8889548).

- Zhao ZS, Manser E, Loo TH, Lim L (2000). ["Coupling of PAK-interacting exchange factor PIX to GIT1 promotes focal complex disassembly"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86110). *Mol. Cell. Biol*. **20** (17): 6354–6363. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1128/MCB.20.17.6354-6363.2000](https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMCB.20.17.6354-6363.2000). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [86110](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86110). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10938112](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10938112).

- Kawachi H, Fujikawa A, Maeda N, Noda M (2001). ["Identification of GIT1/Cat-1 as a substrate molecule of protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta /beta by the yeast substrate-trapping system"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC34398). *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A*. **98** (12): 6593–6598. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2001PNAS...98.6593K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PNAS...98.6593K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.041608698](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.041608698). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [34398](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC34398). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11381105](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11381105).

- Manabe R, Kovalenko M, Webb DJ, Horwitz AR (2002). "GIT1 functions in a motile, multi-molecular signaling complex that regulates protrusive activity and cell migration". *J. Cell Sci*. **115** (Pt 7): 1497–510. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1242/jcs.115.7.1497](https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjcs.115.7.1497). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11896197](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11896197).

- Nishiya N, Shirai T, Suzuki W, Nose K (2003). ["Hic-5 interacts with GIT1 with a different binding mode from paxillin"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.jbchem.a003222). *J. Biochem*. **132** (2): 279–89. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003222](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.jbchem.a003222). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12153727](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12153727).

- Kim S, Ko J, Shin H, Lee JR, Lim C, Han JH, Altrock WD, Garner CC, Gundelfinger ED, Premont RT, Kaang BK, Kim E (2003). ["The GIT family of proteins forms multimers and associates with the presynaptic cytomatrix protein Piccolo"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M212287200). *J. Biol. Chem*. **278** (8): 6291–6300. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.M212287200](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M212287200). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12473661](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12473661).

- Shin H, Wyszynski M, Huh KH, Valtschanoff JG, Lee JR, Ko J, Streuli M, Weinberg RJ, Sheng M, Kim E (2003). ["Association of the kinesin motor KIF1A with the multimodular protein liprin-alpha"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M211874200). *J. Biol. Chem*. **278** (13): 11393–11401. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.M211874200](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M211874200). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12522103](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12522103).

- Ko J, Kim S, Valtschanoff JG, Shin H, Lee JR, Sheng M, Premont RT, Weinberg RJ, Kim E (2003). ["Interaction between liprin-alpha and GIT1 is required for AMPA receptor targeting"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741975). *J. Neurosci*. **23** (5): 1667–77. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-05-01667.2003](https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.23-05-01667.2003). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [6741975](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6741975). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12629171](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12629171).

- Ko J, Na M, Kim S, Lee JR, Kim E (2004). ["Interaction of the ERC family of RIM-binding proteins with the liprin-alpha family of multidomain proteins"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M307561200). *J. Biol. Chem*. **278** (43): 42377–42385. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.M307561200](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M307561200). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12923177](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12923177).

- Haendeler J, Yin G, Hojo Y, Saito Y, Melaragno M, Yan C, Sharma VK, Heller M, Aebersold R, Berk BC (2004). ["GIT1 mediates Src-dependent activation of phospholipase Cgamma by angiotensin II and epidermal growth factor"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M307317200). *J. Biol. Chem*. **278** (50): 49936–49944. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.M307317200](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M307317200). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [14523024](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14523024).

- van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Natarajan K, Yin G, Hoefen RJ, Osawa M, Haendeler J, Ridley AJ, Fujiwara K, van Hinsbergh VW, Berk BC (2004). ["GIT1 mediates thrombin signaling in endothelial cells: role in turnover of RhoA-type focal adhesions"](https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.RES.0000125627.77235.0C). *Circ. Res*. **94** (8): 1041–1049. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1161/01.RES.0000125627.77235.0C](https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.RES.0000125627.77235.0C). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15016733](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15016733).

- Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villén J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP (2004). ["Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC514446). *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A*. **101** (33): 12130–12135. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2004PNAS..10112130B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PNAS..10112130B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.0404720101](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0404720101). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [514446](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC514446). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15302935](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15302935).

- Goehler H, Lalowski M, Stelzl U, Waelter S, Stroedicke M, Worm U, Droege A, Lindenberg KS, Knoblich M, Haenig C, Herbst M, Suopanki J, Scherzinger E, Abraham C, Bauer B, Hasenbank R, Fritzsche A, Ludewig AH, Büssow K, Buessow K, Coleman SH, Gutekunst CA, [Landwehrmeyer BG](/source/Bernhard_Landwehrmeyer), Lehrach H, Wanker EE (2004). ["A protein interaction network links GIT1, an enhancer of huntingtin aggregation, to Huntington's disease"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2004.09.016). *Mol. Cell*. **15** (6): 853–865. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.molcel.2004.09.016](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.molcel.2004.09.016). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15383276](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15383276).

## External links

- [GIT1](https://web.archive.org/web/20110722013944/http://cmkb.cellmigration.org/report.cgi?report=orth_overview&orth_acc=co00001556) Info with links in the [Cell Migration Gateway](http://www.cellmigration.org/index.shtml) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20141211173306/http://www.cellmigration.org/index.shtml) 2014-12-11 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

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