# GB 18030

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/GB_18030
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/GB_18030.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030
> Source revision: 1309954071
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Official Chinese character encoding

This article needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "GB 18030" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

GB 18030 GB 18030 encoding layout. "Half codes" indicates codes used in pairs as four-byte codes. MIME / IANA GB18030 Alias(es) Code page 54936 Languages International, but primarily meant for Chinese Standard GB 18030-2022, GB 18030-2005, GB 18030-2000 Classification Unicode Transformation Format, extended ASCII,[a] variable-width encoding, CJK encoding Extends EUC-CN, GBK Transforms / Encodes ISO 10646 (Unicode) Preceded by GBK, GB2312 ^ Not in the strictest sense of the term, as ASCII bytes can appear as trail bytes.

**GB 18030** is a [Chinese government standard](/source/Guobiao_standards), described as *Information Technology — Chinese coded character set* and defines the required language and character support necessary for software in [China](/source/China). **GB18030** is the registered Internet name for the official [character set](/source/Character_set) of the [People's Republic of China](/source/People's_Republic_of_China) (PRC) superseding [GB2312](/source/GB_2312).[1] As a [Unicode Transformation Format](/source/Unicode_Transformation_Format)[a] (i.e. an encoding of all [Unicode](/source/Unicode) code points), GB18030 supports both [simplified](/source/Simplified_Chinese_characters) and [traditional Chinese characters](/source/Traditional_Chinese_characters). It is also compatible with legacy encodings including [GB/T 2312](/source/GB_2312), [CP936](/source/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)),[b] and [GBK](/source/GBK_(character_encoding)) 1.0.

The [Unicode Consortium](/source/Unicode_Consortium) has warned implementers that the latest version of this Chinese standard, **GB 18030-2022**, introduces what they describe as "disruptive changes" from the previous version GB 18030-2005 "involving 33 different characters and 55 code positions".[2] GB 18030-2022 was enforced from 1 August 2023.[3] It has been implemented in [ICU](/source/International_Components_for_Unicode) 73.2; and in Java 21,[4] and [backported](/source/Backport) to older Java 8, 11, 17 (LTS releases) and 20.0.2.[5]

In addition to the encoding method, this standard contains requirements about which additional scripts and languages should be represented, and to whom this standard is applicable.[6] This standard however does not define the official [character forms](/source/Chinese_characters#Standardisation) for the Chinese characters; this is standardised in *[List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters](/source/List_of_Commonly_Used_Standard_Chinese_Characters)*.

## History

See also: [GB 2312](/source/GB_2312), [GBK (character encoding)](/source/GBK_(character_encoding)), and [Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)](/source/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows))

The GB18030 character set is formally called "Chinese National Standard GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set". **GB** abbreviates *Guójiā Biāozhǔn* (国家标准), which means *national standard* in Chinese. The standard was published by the China Standard Press, Beijing, 8 November 2005. Only a portion of the standard is mandatory.[6] Since 1 May 2006, support for the mandatory subset is officially required for all software products sold in the PRC.

Different Unicode mappings between GB 18030 versions GB byte sequence Unicode code point GB 18030-2000 GB 18030-2005 A8 BC (ḿ) U+E7C7 U+1E3F ḿ LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH ACUTE 81 35 F4 37 U+1E3F ḿ LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH ACUTE U+E7C7

An older version of the standard, known as "Chinese National Standard GB 18030-2000: Information Technology—Chinese ideograms coded character set for information interchange—Extension for the basic set", was published on March 17, 2000. The encoding scheme stays the same in the new version, and the only difference in GB-to-Unicode mapping is that GB 18030-2000 mapped the character A8 BC (ḿ) to a private use code point U+E7C7, and character 81 35 F4 37 (without specifying any glyph) to U+1E3F (ḿ), whereas GB 18030-2005 swaps these two mapping assignments.[7]: 534 More code points are now associated with characters due to update of [Unicode](/source/Unicode), especially the appearance of [CJK Unified Ideographs](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs) Extension B. Some characters used by [ethnic minorities in China](/source/Ethnic_minorities_in_China), such as [Mongolian characters](/source/Mongolian_script) and [Tibetan characters](/source/Tibetan_script) ([GB 16959](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GB_16959&action=edit&redlink=1)-1997 and [GB/T 20542](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GB/T_20542&action=edit&redlink=1)-2006), have been added as well, which accounts for the renaming of the standard.

Compared with its ancestors, GB 18030's mapping to Unicode has been modified for the 81 characters that were provisionally assigned a Unicode [Private Use Area](/source/Private_Use_Area) code point (U+E000–F8FF) in GBK 1.0 and that have later been encoded in Unicode.[8] This is specified in Appendix E of GB 18030.[7]: 534[9]: 499 There are 24 characters in GB 18030-2005 that are still mapped to Unicode PUA.[10]

In the GB 18030-2022 update, the requirements for characters to be mapped to PUA has been lifted completely and all characters should be mapped to their standard Unicode codepoints. Of these, 18 mappings were updated by position-swapping similar to what happened between GBK and GB 18030. The remaining six kept the two-byte PUA mappings, so that a change to the 4-byte sequence is needed to follow the non-PUA preference.[11]

Private use characters in GB-to-Unicode mappings GB byte sequence Unicode code point [a] GBK 1.0[12][7]: 534 GB 18030-2005[10] Unicode 4.1 GB 18030-2022[11] A6 D9[13]: 108 U+E78D U+FE10 ︐ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL COMMA A6 DA U+E78E U+FE12 ︒ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP A6 DB U+E78F U+FE11 ︑ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA A6 DC U+E790 U+FE13 ︓ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL COLON A6 DD U+E791 U+FE14 ︔ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL SEMICOLON A6 DE U+E792 U+FE15 ︕ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL EXCLAMATION MARK A6 DF U+E793 U+FE16 ︖ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL QUESTION MARK A6 EC U+E794 U+FE17 ︗ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT WHITE LENTICULAR BRACKET A6 ED U+E795 U+FE18 ︘ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT WHITE LENTICULAR BRAKCET A6 F3 U+E796 U+FE19 ︙ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS A8 BC U+E7C7 U+1E3F ḿ LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH ACUTE A8 BF U+E7C8 U+01F9 ǹ LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH GRAVE A9 89 U+E7E7 U+303E 〾 IDEOGRAPHIC VARIATION INDICATOR A9 8A U+E7E8 U+2FF0 ⿰ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO RIGHT A9 8B U+E7E9 U+2FF1 ⿱ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO BELOW A9 8C U+E7EA U+2FF2 ⿲ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO MIDDLE AND RIGHT A9 8D U+E7EB U+2FF3 ⿳ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO MIDDLE AND BELOW A9 8E U+E7EC U+2FF4 ⿴ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER FULL SURROUND A9 8F U+E7ED U+2FF5 ⿵ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM ABOVE A9 90 U+E7EE U+2FF6 ⿶ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM BELOW A9 91 U+E7EF U+2FF7 ⿷ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LEFT A9 92 U+E7F0 U+2FF8 ⿸ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER LEFT A9 93 U+E7F1 U+2FF9 ⿹ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER RIGHT A9 94[13]: 173 U+E7F2 U+2FFA ⿺ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM LOWER LEFT A9 95 U+E7F3 U+2FFB ⿻ IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER OVERLAID FE 50 U+E815 U+2E81 ⺁ CJK RADICAL CLIFF FE 51 U+E816 U+20087 𠂇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20087[b] U+E816 FE 52 U+E817 U+20089 𠂉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20089[c] U+E817 FE 53 U+E818 U+200CC 𠃌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-200CC[d] U+E818 FE 54 U+E819 U+2E84 ⺄ CJK RADICAL SECOND THREE FE 55 U+E81A U+3473 㑳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3473 FE 56 U+E81B U+3447 㑇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3447 FE 57 U+E81C U+2E88 ⺈ CJK RADICAL KNIFE ONE FE 58 U+E81D U+2E8B ⺋ CJK RADICAL SEAL FE 59 U+E81E U+9FB4 龴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB4 FE 5A U+E81F U+359E 㖞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-359E FE 5B U+E820 U+361A 㘚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-361A FE 5C U+E821 U+360E 㘎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-360E FE 5D U+E822 U+2E8C ⺌ CJK RADICAL SMALL ONE FE 5E U+E823 U+2E97 ⺗ CJK RADICAL HEART TWO FE 5F U+E824 U+396E 㥮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-396E FE 60 U+E825 U+3918 㤘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3918 FE 61 U+E826 U+9FB5 龵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB5 FE 62 U+E827 U+39CF 㧏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-39CF FE 63 U+E828 U+39DF 㧟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-39DF FE 64 U+E829 U+3A73 㩳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3A73 FE 65 U+E82A U+39D0 㧐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-39D0 FE 66 U+E82B U+9FB6 龶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB6 FE 67 U+E82C U+9FB7 龷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB7 FE 68 U+E82D U+3B4E 㭎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3B4E FE 69 U+E82E U+3C6E 㱮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3C6E FE 6A U+E82F U+3CE0 㳠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3CE0 FE 6B U+E830 U+2EA7 ⺧ CJK RADICAL COW FE 6C U+E831 U+215D7 𡗗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-215D7[e] U+E831 FE 6D U+E832 U+9FB8 龸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB8 FE 6E U+E833 U+2EAA ⺪ CJK RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH FE 6F U+E834 U+4056 䁖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4056 FE 70 U+E835 U+415F 䅟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-415F FE 71 U+E836 U+2EAE ⺮ CJK RADICAL BAMBOO FE 72 U+E837 U+4337 䌷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4337 FE 73 U+E838 U+2EB3 ⺳ CJK RADICAL NET THREE FE 74 U+E839 U+2EB6 ⺶ CJK RADICAL SHEEP FE 75 U+E83A U+2EB7 ⺷ CJK RADICAL RAM FE 76 U+E83B U+2298F 𢦏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2298F[f] U+E83B FE 77 U+E83C U+43B1 䎱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-43B1 FE 78 U+E83D U+43AC 䎬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-43AC FE 79 U+E83E U+2EBB ⺻ CJK RADICAL BRUSH TWO FE 7A U+E83F U+43DD 䏝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-43DD FE 7B U+E840 U+44D6 䓖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-44D6 FE 7C U+E841 U+4661 䙡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4661 FE 7D U+E842 U+464C 䙌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-464C FE 7E U+E843 U+9FB9 龹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FB9 FE 80 U+E844 U+4723 䜣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4723 FE 81 U+E845 U+4729 䜩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4729 FE 82 U+E846 U+477C 䝼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-477C FE 83 U+E847 U+478D 䞍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-478D FE 84 U+E848 U+2ECA ⻊ CJK RADICAL FOOT FE 85 U+E849 U+4947 䥇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4947 FE 86 U+E84A U+497A 䥺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-497A FE 87 U+E84B U+497D 䥽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-497D FE 88 U+E84C U+4982 䦂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4982 FE 89 U+E84D U+4983 䦃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4983 FE 8A U+E84E U+4985 䦅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4985 FE 8B U+E84F U+4986 䦆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4986 FE 8C U+E850 U+499F 䦟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-499F FE 8D U+E851 U+499B 䦛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-499B FE 8E U+E852 U+49B7 䦷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-49B7 FE 8F U+E853 U+49B6 䦶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-49B6 FE 90 U+E854 U+9FBA 龺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FBA FE 91 U+E855 U+241FE 𤇾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-241FE[g] U+E855 FE 92 U+E856 U+4CA3 䲣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4CA3 FE 93 U+E857 U+4C9F 䲟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4C9F FE 94 U+E858 U+4CA0 䲠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4CA0 FE 95 U+E859 U+4CA1 䲡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4CA1 FE 96 U+E85A U+4C77 䱷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4C77 FE 97 U+E85B U+4CA2 䲢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4CA2 FE 98 U+E85C U+4D13 䴓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D13 FE 99 U+E85D U+4D14 䴔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D14 FE 9A U+E85E U+4D15 䴕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D15 FE 9B U+E85F U+4D16 䴖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D16 FE 9C U+E860 U+4D17 䴗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D17 FE 9D U+E861 U+4D18 䴘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D18 FE 9E U+E862 U+4D19 䴙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4D19 FE 9F U+E863 U+4DAE 䶮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4DAE FE A0 U+E864 U+9FBB 龻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9FBB Notes a.^Blue indicates private use area b.^U+20087 𠂇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20087 mapped to 0x95329031 in GB 18030-2022 c.^U+20089 𠂉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20089 mapped to 0x95329033 in GB 18030-2022 d.^U+200CC 𠃌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-200CC mapped to 0x95329730 in GB 18030-2022 e.^U+215D7 𡗗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-215D7 mapped to 0x9536B937 in GB 18030-2022 f.^U+2298F 𢦏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2298F mapped to 0x9630BA35 in GB 18030-2022 g.^U+241FE 𤇾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-241FE mapped to 0x9635B630 in GB 18030-2022

## As a national standard

The first version of GB 18030, designated GB 18030-2000 *Information Technology—Chinese coded character set for information interchange — Extension for the basic set*, consists of 1-byte and 2-byte encodings, together with 4-byte encoding for [CJK Unified Ideographs](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs) Extension A matching those in Unicode 3.0. The corresponding Unicode code points of this subset, including provisional private assignments, lie entirely in the [BMP](/source/Basic_Multilingual_Plane). These parts are fully mandatory in GB 18030-2000.[6]: 2 Most major computer companies had already standardized on some version of Unicode as the primary format for use in their binary formats and OS calls. However, they mostly had only supported [code points](/source/Code_points) in the [BMP](/source/Basic_Multilingual_Plane) originally defined in Unicode 1.0, which supported only 65,536 codepoints and was often encoded in 16 bits as [UCS-2](/source/UCS-2). This standard is basically an extension based on GBK with additional characters in CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A.

The second version designated GB 18030-2005 *Information Technology—Chinese coded character set* has the same mandatory subset as GB 18030-2000 of 1-, 2- and 4-byte encodings.[7]: 3 This version also includes the full CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B in the 4-byte encoding section which is outside the BMP[10] as a suggestion support requirement.[14] However, as the inclusion of CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B in a 4-byte region is required to be maintained during information processing, software can no longer get away with treating characters as 16-bit fixed width entities ([UCS-2](/source/UCS-2)). Therefore, they must either process the data as a [variable-width format](/source/Variable-width_encoding) (as with [UTF-8](/source/UTF-8) or [UTF-16](/source/UTF-16)), which is the most common choice, or move to a larger fixed-width format (i.e. [UTF-32](/source/UTF-32)). Microsoft made the change from UCS-2 to UTF-16 with Windows 2000. This version matches with Unicode 3.1, and also provided support for [Hangul](/source/Hangul) ([Korean](/source/Korean_language)), [Mongolian](/source/Mongolian_language) (including [Manchu](/source/Manchu_alphabet), [Clear script](/source/Clear_Script), *Sibe hergen*, [Galik](/source/Galik_alphabet)), [Tai Nuea](/source/Tai_Nuea_language), [Tibetan](/source/Tibetan_script), [Uyghur](/source/Uyghur_alphabets)/[Kazakh](/source/Kazakh_alphabets)/[Kyrgyz](/source/Kyrgyz_alphabets) and [Yi](/source/Yi_script).

The third and latest version, GB 18030-2022 *Information Technology—Chinese coded character set*, mandates the suggestion support part of CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B in GB 18030-2005, along with updates up to Unicode 11.0 including [Kangxi Radicals](/source/Kangxi_Radicals_(Unicode_block)) and CJK Unified Ideographs [URO](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_(Unicode_block)), Extension C, D, E and F. Additional languages are also recognized by GB 18030-2022 such as part of [Arabic](/source/Arabic_script), [Tai Le](/source/Tai_Le_script), [New Tai Lue](/source/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet), [Tai Tham](/source/Tai_Tham_script), [Lisu](/source/Lisu_language), and [Miao](/source/Miao_script). GB 18030-2022 also introduces three implementation levels, with the requirement of "all products using this standard should implements Implementation Level 1" that includes 66 new BMP characters in the 4-byte encoding region that were added between Unicode 3.1 and Unicode 11.0. Implementation Level 2 requires the support of *[List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters](/source/List_of_Commonly_Used_Standard_Chinese_Characters)*, and Implementation Level 3 requires all other specified regions in the standard.[11]

Main article: [CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_I)

From late 2022 to 2023, drafts of a further amendment are to be made to GB 18030-2022 available for public consultation. The current draft updates up to Unicode 15.1 on [Ideographic Description Characters](/source/Ideographic_Description_Characters), CJK Unified Ideographs URO, Extension A, B, C, G, H and I.[15][16][17] Originally, in late 2022, it would have placed 897 new [sinographic](/source/Sinograph) characters in Plane 10 ([hexadecimal](/source/Hexadecimal): 0A), a [yet-untitled astral Unicode plane](/source/Plane_(Unicode)#Unassigned_planes), for citizen real-name certification in China, but eventually the [repertoire](/source/Character_repertoire) (reduced to 622 characters after expert review) was fast-tracked into Unicode 15.1 in September 2023, as the [CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_I) block.[18] Following this, the amendment draft was modified to use the Extension I code points.[17]

## Mapping

GB 18030 defines a one (ASCII), two (extended GBK), or four-byte (UTF) encoding. The two-byte codes are defined in a lookup table, while the four-byte codes are defined sequentially (hence algorithmically) to fill otherwise unencoded parts in [UCS](/source/Universal_Coded_Character_Set). GB 18030 inherits the bad aspects of [GBK](/source/GBK_(character_encoding)), most notably needing special code to safely find ASCII characters in a GB18030 sequence.

GB 18030 encoding[7]: 3 [9]: 252 [19] GB 18030 code points[c] Unicode byte 1 (MSB) byte 2 byte 3 byte 4 00 – 7F 128 0000 – 007F 80 — invalid[d] 81 – FE 40 – FE except 7F[e] 23940 0080 – FFFF except D800 – DFFF[f] 81 – 84 30 – 39 81 – FE 30 – 39 39420 85 — (12600) reserved for future character extension 86 – 8F — (126000) reserved for future ideographic extension unassigned — D800 – DFFF[g] 90 – E3 30 – 39 81 – FE 30 – 39 1048576 10000 – 10FFFF E4 – FC — (315000) reserved for future standard extension FD – FE — (25200) user-defined FF — invalid Total 1112064

The one- and two-byte code points are essentially [GBK](/source/GBK_(character_encoding)#Encoding) with the euro sign, PUA mappings for unassigned/user-defined points, and vertical punctuations. The four byte scheme can be thought of as consisting of two units, each of two bytes. Each unit has a similar format to a GBK two byte character but with a range of values for the second byte of 0x30–0x39 (the [ASCII](/source/ASCII) codes for decimal digits). The first byte has the range 0x81 to 0xFE, as before. This means that a string-search routine that is safe for GBK should also be reasonably[*[clarification needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify)*] safe for GB18030 (in much the same way that a basic [byte-oriented](/source/Byte-oriented_protocol) search routine is reasonably safe for [EUC](/source/Extended_Unix_Code)).

This gives a total of 1,587,600 (126×10×126×10) possible 4-byte sequences, which is easily sufficient to cover [Unicode](/source/Unicode)'s 1,112,064 (17×65536 − 2048 surrogates) assigned, reserved, and noncharacter code points.

Unfortunately, to further complicate matters there are no simple rules to translate between a 4-byte sequence and its corresponding [code point](/source/Code_point). Instead, codes are allocated sequentially (with the first byte containing the most significant part and the last the least significant part) **only** to Unicode code points that are not mapped in any other manner.[h] For example:

U+00DE (Þ) → 81 30 89 37
U+00DF (ß) → 81 30 89 38
U+00E0 (à) → A8 A4
U+00E1 (á) → A8 A2
U+00E2 (â) → 81 30 89 39
U+00E3 (ã) → 81 30 8A 30

An offset table is used in the [WHATWG](/source/WHATWG) and [W3C](/source/W3C) version of GB 18030 to efficiently translate code points.[20] ICU[19] and glibc use similar range definitions to avoid wasting space on large sequential blocks.

## Support

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (October 2016)

### Encoding

GB 18030 has been supported on Windows since the release of [Windows 95](/source/Windows_95), as code page 54936.[21] Windows 2000 and XP offer a GB18030 Support Package.[22] The open source PostgreSQL database supports GB18030 through its full support for UTF-8, i.e. by converting it to and from UTF-8. Similarly Microsoft SQL Server supports GB18030 by conversion to and from UTF-16.

More specifically, supporting the GB18030 encoding on Windows means that **Code Page 54936** is supported by MultiByteToWideChar and WideCharToMultiByte. Due to the backward compatibility of the mapping, many files in GB18030 can be actually opened successfully as the legacy Code Page 936, that is GBK, even if the Code Page 54936 is not supported. However, that is only true if the file in question contains only GBK characters. Loading will fail or cause corrupted result if the file contains characters that do not exist in GBK (see [§ Mapping](#Mapping) for examples).

GNU [glibc](/source/Glibc)'s gconv, the character codec library used on most Linux distributions, supports GB 18030-2000 since 2.2,[23] and GB 18030-2005 since 2.14;[24] glibc notably includes non-PUA mappings for GB 18030-2005 in order to achieve round-trip conversion.[25] GNU [libiconv](/source/Libiconv), an alternative [iconv](/source/Iconv) implementation frequently used on non-glibc UNIX-like environments like [Cygwin](/source/Cygwin), supports GB 18030 since version 1.4.[26]

As of 2022, "supporting non-Chinese scripts continues to be optional"[27] (presumably for display/font support only; and in China, since the encoding is a full UTF). The standard is known to support English/ASCII and the "following non-Chinese scripts are recognized by GB 18030-2022: Arabic, Tibetan, Mongolian, Tai Le, New Tai Lue, Tai Tham, Yi, Lisu, Hangul (Korean), and Miao."[27]

### Fonts

The GB18030 Support Package for Windows XP and Windows 2000 contained SimSun18030.ttc, a TrueType font collection file which combines two Chinese fonts, SimSun-18030 and NSimSun-18030. The [SimSun](/source/SimSun)-18030 font included all the mandatory CJK characters required in GB18030-2000, including characters in the CJK Unified Ideographs and CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A blocks of Unicode 3.0. Since Windows Vista, Windows has included the Simsun and Simsun-ExtB fonts. (Simsun supports CJK characters in the Unicode [Basic Multilingual Plane](/source/Basic_Multilingual_Plane), while Simsun-ExtB supports most CJK characters in the Unicode [Supplementary Ideographic Plane](/source/Supplementary_Ideographic_Plane)). These fonts have been updated in subsequent Windows releases to support additional CJK characters. As of 2022, the Simsun-ExtB font supported CJK Unified Ideograph [Extension B](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_B), [Extension C](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_C) and [Extension D](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_D). For GB 18030-2022, the Simsun-ExtB font was updated to add support for CJK Unified Ideograph [Extension E](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_E) and [Extension F](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_F).[28] Also, the Simsun-ExtG font was added to Windows 10 and Windows 11 to support CJK characters in CJK Unified Ideographs [Extension G](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_G), [Extension H](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_H) and [Extension I](/source/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_Extension_I).[29][30] The Simsun fonts in Windows 10 and Windows 11 support all CJK characters required for GB18030-2022 plus Amendment 1 level 3 conformance.

[Microsoft YaHei](/source/Microsoft_YaHei) and [DengXian](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DengXian&action=edit&redlink=1) provided by Microsoft were updated in 2023 to match GB 18030-2022 implementation level 2.[28]

[Source Han Sans](/source/Source_Han_Sans) (and its counterpart Noto Sans CJK) are already compliant with GB 18030-2022 implementation level 2 when the standard update for GB 18030 is announced as of November 2022[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GB_18030&action=edit). [Source Han Serif](/source/Source_Han_Serif) (and its counterpart Noto Serif CJK) however is not compliant at the time, and an update is provided to ensure the font is compliant to implementation level 2. Similarly Microsoft YaHei and PingFang (Apple) require a small number of URO additions that are associated with implementation level 1 in order to become compliant with GB 18030-2022 implementation level 2.[27]

[Other CJK font families](/source/List_of_CJK_fonts) like HAN NOM[31] and Hanazono Mincho[32] provide wider coverage for Unicode CJK Extension blocks than SimSun-18030 or even SimSun (Founder Extended), but they don't support all code points defined in GB 18030.

## See also

- [Guobiao code](/source/Guobiao_code)

- [CJK characters](/source/CJK_characters)

- [Chinese character encoding](/source/Chinese_character_encoding)

- [Comparison of Unicode encodings](/source/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Note that GB18030 omits surrogates; see [§ Mapping](#Mapping).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** The [euro sign](/source/Euro_sign) is an exception which is given a single byte code of 0x80 in Microsoft's later versions of CP936/GBK and a two byte code of A2 E3 in GB18030.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** The code points include the 66 Unicode noncharacters.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-icu-80-glitch_24-0)** ICU seems to erroneously consider this code point valid, which is in neither versions of the published standards. [WHATWG](/source/WHATWG) assigns this byte to U+20AC (GBK [euro sign](/source/Euro_sign)) in its universal gb2312-gbk-gb18030 decoder.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** For a finer division of this range, see [GBK (character encoding) § Encoding](/source/GBK_(character_encoding)#Encoding).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Some code points are encoded with two bytes (upper row), the others with four bytes (lower row). U+FFFF is encoded as 84 31 A4 39 on page 239 of the 2005 standard, although the standard gives as far as 84 39 FE 39 for BMP mapping.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** These are [surrogate code points](/source/Surrogate_code_point); they have no meaning outside of [UTF-16](/source/UTF-16) encoding.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Furthermore, due to the encodings of U+E7C7 and U+1E3F having been swapped, U+E7C7 is encoded in the 2005 edition of the standard as 81 35 F4 37, between U+1E3E (81 35 F4 36) and U+1E40 (81 35 F4 38). Hence, only the 2000 edition is entirely sequential in allocating the four-byte codes to otherwise unmapped code points.

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IANA_2-0)** Anthony Fok (2002-03-15). ["Application of IANA Charset Registration for GB18030"](https://www.iana.org/assignments/charset-reg/GB18030). IANA Character Set Registrations. Retrieved 2016-12-05.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Peter Constable. ["Disruptive Changes in GB 18030-2022"](https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22274-disruptive-changes.pdf) (PDF). *www.unicode.org*. Retrieved 2024-02-12.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["\[JDK-8301119\] Support for GB18030-2022 - Java Bug System"](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301119). *bugs.openjdk.org*. Retrieved 2023-08-14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["JDK 21 Release Notes"](https://jdk.java.net/21/release-notes). *jdk.java.net*. Retrieved 2023-08-14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["\[JDK-8307340\] Release Note: Support for GB18030-2022 - Java Bug System"](https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8307340). *bugs.openjdk.org*. Retrieved 2023-08-30.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-CESI-FAQ_9-2) [CESI](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Electronics_Standardization_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1) (2009-07-08). ["GB18030 符合性问与答"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160928145226/http://www.cc.cesi.cn/UpLoadFolder/OtherFile/200907/2009070816133686.doc) [GB18030 compliance FAQ]. *CESI Certification Center*. Archived from [the original](http://www.cc.cesi.cn/UpLoadFolder/OtherFile/200907/2009070816133686.doc) on 2016-09-28. Retrieved 2016-10-12. *Page 4* 同时达到以下两个要求的产品，为符合GB 18030-2005强制部分的产品：①产品可以正确输入、输出、处理GB 18030-2005强制部分规定的全部汉字字符；②产品可以正确识别GB 18030-2005强制性部分规定的全部汉字字符对应的编码。 [A product compliant with the mandatory part of GB 18030 must be able to correctly a) input, output and process all Chinese characters defined in the mandatory set; b) recognize encodings for characters in the mandatory set.] [Alt URL](https://archive.org/details/GB18030-compliance-faq)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-gb18030-2005_10-4) Standardization Administration of China (SAC) (2005-11-18). [*GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set*](https://archive.org/details/GB18030-2005).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Unicode FAQ on GB 18030"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180302231754/https://ssl.icu-project.org/docs/papers/unicode-gb18030-faq.html). *ICU Project*. Archived from [the original](https://ssl.icu-project.org/docs/papers/unicode-gb18030-faq.html) on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-gb18030-2000_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-gb18030-2000_12-1) [*GB 18030-2000: Information Technology—Chinese ideograms coded character set for information interchange—Extension for the basic set*](https://archive.org/details/GB18030-2000). 2000-03-17. {{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: |work= ignored ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lunde2006_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lunde2006_13-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Lunde2006_13-2) Lunde, Ken (2006). ["L2/06-394 Update on GB 18030:2005"](https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06394-gb18030-2005.txt). Unicode Technical Committee Document Registry. Retrieved 28 September 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-gb18030-2022-kenlunde_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-gb18030-2022-kenlunde_14-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-gb18030-2022-kenlunde_14-2) Lunde, Ken (4 August 2022). ["The GB 18030-2022 Standard"](https://ken-lunde.medium.com/the-gb-18030-2022-standard-3d0ebaeb4132). *Medium*. Retrieved 7 August 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Group:GBK外字"](http://zht.glyphwiki.org/wiki/Group:GBK%E5%A4%96%E5%AD%97). *GlyphWiki*. Retrieved 11 September 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-cjkv-info-proc_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-cjkv-info-proc_16-1) Lunde, Ken (December 2008). [*CJKV Information Processing*](https://books.google.com/books?id=SA92uQqTB-AC). O'Reilly Media, Inc. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-596-51447-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51447-1). Retrieved 11 September 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** [CESI](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=China_Electronics_Standardization_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1) (2009-07-08). ["GB18030 符合性问与答"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160928145226/http://www.cc.cesi.cn/UpLoadFolder/OtherFile/200907/2009070816133686.doc) [GB18030 compliance FAQ]. *CESI Certification Center*. Archived from [the original](http://www.cc.cesi.cn/UpLoadFolder/OtherFile/200907/2009070816133686.doc) on 2016-09-28. Retrieved 2016-10-12. *Page 4* 同时达到以下两个要求的产品，为符合GB 18030-2005强制部分的产品：①产品可以正确输入、输出、处理GB 18030-2005强制部分规定的全部汉字字符；②产品可以正确识别GB 18030-2005强制性部分规定的全部汉字字符对应的编码。 [A product compliant with the mandatory part of GB 18030 must be able to correctly a) input, output and process all Chinese characters defined in the mandatory set; b) recognize encodings for characters in the mandatory set.]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Lunde, Dr Ken (2023-11-12). ["The First Amendment"](https://ken-lunde.medium.com/the-first-amendment-fe064d9d7d8). *Medium*. Retrieved 2024-09-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** China National Body (2023-04-26). ["GB 18030—2022《信息技术 中文编码字符集》国家标准第１号修改单（征求意见稿）"](https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23113-gb18030-2022-amd-draft1.pdf) (PDF). [UTC](/source/Unicode_Technical_Committee) L2/23-113.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-irgn2623_20-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-irgn2623_20-1) China National Body (2023-10-13). ["IRG #61 Activity Report"](https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23240-irgn2623-china-ar.pdf) (PDF). [ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2](/source/ISO%2FIEC_JTC_1%2FSC_2)/WG2/[IRG](/source/Ideographic_Research_Group) N2623; [UTC](/source/Unicode_Technical_Committee) L2/23-240.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-wg2-n5222_21-0)** United States National Body (May 1, 2023). ["USNB Comments on Draft 2 of GB 18030-2022 Amendment 1 and recommendation for ISO/IEC 10646:2020 Amendment 2"](https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n5222_USNB-Comments-on-Draft-2-of-GB%2018030-2022-Amendment-1.pdf) (PDF). [ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2](/source/ISO%2FIEC_JTC_1%2FSC_2) N4852, WG2 N5222; [UTC](/source/Unicode_Technical_Committee) L2/23-115.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ICU_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ICU_22-1) [Authoritative mapping table between GB18030-2000 and Unicode](http://source.icu-project.org/repos/icu/data/trunk/charset/data/xml/gb-18030-2000.xml). ICU – International Components for Unicode. 2001-02-21. Accessed 2016-09-04.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-whatwg_29-0)** ["Encoding Standard # gb18030-index"](https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#index-gb18030-ranges-pointer). *WHATWG*. Retrieved 2016-09-24.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** Bridge, Karl (13 October 2021). ["MultiByteToWideChar function (stringapiset.h) - Win32 apps"](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/stringapiset/nf-stringapiset-multibytetowidechar). *learn.microsoft.com*. Retrieved 2022-11-01.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Microsoft. ["GB18030 Support Package"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120605011449/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=5503). *[Microsoft](/source/Microsoft)*. Archived from [the original](https://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=fc02e2e3-14bb-46c1-afee-3732d6249647&DisplayLang=en) on 2012-06-05.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Drepper, Ulrich. ["GB18030 iconv module for glibc"](https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=bc0413276ea17dc2a255ce726e9b9a504438980f). *glibc git*. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** Drepper, Ulrich. ["Update GB18030 to 2005 version"](https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git;a=commit;h=ee30c380b8f7c9253c87103c58c5201268d30181). *glibc git*. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Weimer, Florian; O'Donell, Carlos. ["Status of GB18030 tables (#19575)"](https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=19575). *Sourceware Bugzilla*. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** ["NEWS - libiconv.git - libiconv"](https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/libiconv.git/tree/NEWS?id=v1.14). *git.savannah.gnu.org*. Retrieved 2016-10-13.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-non-Chinese_36-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-non-Chinese_36-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-non-Chinese_36-2) Lunde, Ken (2022-08-16). ["The GB 18030-2022 Standard"](https://ken-lunde.medium.com/the-gb-18030-2022-standard-3d0ebaeb4132). *Medium*. Retrieved 2022-11-01.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-KB5028171_37-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-KB5028171_37-1) ["July 11, 2023—KB5028171 (OS Build 20348.1850) - Microsoft Support"](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/july-11-2023-kb5028171-os-build-20348-1850-65cc2bda-a4a5-450f-adcb-d57ff9eb9835). *support.microsoft.com*. Microsoft. Retrieved 25 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** ["KB5051987: New Features and Fixes for Enhanced Windows Experience"](https://windowsforum.com/threads/kb5051987-new-features-and-fixes-for-enhanced-windows-experience.351824/). *windowsforum.com*. 11 February 2025. Retrieved 31 July 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** ["February 11, 2025—KB5051987 (OS Build 26100.3194)"](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/february-11-2025-kb5051987-os-build-26100-3194-63fb007d-3f52-4b47-85ea-28414a24be2d). *support.microsoft.com*. Microsoft. 11 February 2025. Retrieved 31 July 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** VietUnicode. ["/hannom"](https://sourceforge.net/projects/vietunicode/files/hannom/). *sourceforge.net*. Retrieved 2016-10-13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** ["Hanazono fonts"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100412205922/http://fonts.jp/hanazono/). *fonts.jp*. Archived from [the original](http://fonts.jp/hanazono/) on 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2016-10-13.

## External links

- [IANA Charset Registration for GB18030](https://www.iana.org/assignments/charset-reg/GB18030)

- ["English language summary of – -2000"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170202093140/https://examples.oreilly.com/cjkvinfo/pdf/GB18030_Summary.pdf) (PDF). February 16, 2001. Archived from [the original](https://examples.oreilly.com/cjkvinfo/pdf/GB18030_Summary.pdf) (PDF) on 2017-02-02.

- [Introduction to GB18030 including evolution from GB2312 and GBK](https://web.archive.org/web/20120825155118/https://developers.sun.com/dev/gadc/technicalpublications/articles/gb18030.html) (Sun/Internet Archive)

- ICU data - [GB18030: A mega-codepage](http://icu-project.org/docs/papers/gb18030.html) (IBM DeveloperWorks) - [Authoritative mapping table between GB18030-2000 and Unicode](http://source.icu-project.org/repos/icu/data/trunk/charset/data/xml/gb-18030-2000.xml) - [ICU Converter Explorer: GB18030](http://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=gb18030)

- Unicode charts - [Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A](https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3400.pdf) (PDF, 1.5 MB) - [Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B](https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U20000.pdf) (PDF, 13 MB)

- [GB18030 Support Package for Windows 2000/XP, including Chinese, Tibetan, Yi, Mongolian and Thai font by Microsoft](https://web.archive.org/web/20120405111548/https://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?DisplayLang=en&id=5503) (Internet Archive)

- [SIL's freeware fonts, editors and documentation](https://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=)

v t e Chinese, Japanese and Korean computing Encodings Chinese ISO-2022-CN CNS 11643 Big5 HKSCS GB 18030 GBK GB 2312 GB/T 12345 HZ ISO-IR-165 CCCII Japanese ISO-2022-JP JIS JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 Shift-JIS Korean ISO-2022-KR KS X 1001 KS X 1002 KS X 1026-1 [ko] KPS 9566 GB 12052 International EUC ISO/IEC 2022 Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs Han unification Input methods Chinese Japanese Korean Fonts List of CJK fonts

v t e Character encodings Early telecommunication Telegraph code Needle Morse Non-Latin Wabun/Kana Chinese Cyrillic Baudot and Murray Fieldata ASCII ISO/IEC 646 BCDIC Teletex and Videotex/Teletext T.51/ISO/IEC 6937 ITU T.61 ITU T.101 World System Teletext background sets Transcode ISO/IEC 8859 Approved parts -1 (Western Europe) -2 (Central Europe) -3 (Maltese/Esperanto) -4 (North Europe) -5 (Cyrillic) -6 (Arabic) -7 (Greek) -8 (Hebrew) -9 (Turkish) -10 (Nordic) -11 (Thai) -13 (Baltic) -14 (Celtic) -15 (New Western Europe) -16 (Romanian) Abandoned parts -12 (Devanagari) Proposed but not approved KOI-8 Cyrillic Sámi Adaptations Welsh Estonian Ukrainian Cyrillic Bibliographic use MARC-8 ANSEL CCCII/EACC ISO 5426 5426-2 5427 5428 6438 6862 National standards ArmSCII Big5 BraSCII BSCII CNS 11643 DIN 66003 ELOT 927 GOST 10859 GB 2312 GB 12345 GB 12052 GB 18030 HKSCS ISCII JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 KOI-7 KPS 9566 KS X 1001 KS X 1002 LST 1564 LST 1590-4 PASCII Shift JIS SI 960 TIS-620 TSCII VISCII VSCII YUSCII ISO/IEC 2022 ISO/IEC 8859 ISO/IEC 10367 Extended Unix Code (EUC) Code pages Mac OS ("scripts") Armenian Arabic Barents Cyrillic Celtic Central European Croatian Cyrillic Devanagari Font X (Kermit) Gaelic Georgian Greek Gujarati Gurmukhi Hebrew Iceland Inuit Keyboard Latin (Kermit) Maltese/Esperanto Ogham Roman Romanian Sámi Turkish Turkic Cyrillic Ukrainian VT100 DOS 437 737 850 858 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 899 904 932 936 942 949 950 951 1040 1043 1046 1098 1115 1116 1117 1118 1127 ABICOMP CS Indic CSX Indic CSX+ Indic CWI-2 Iran System Kamenický Mazovia MIK IBM AIX 895 896 912 915 921 922 1006 1008 1009 1010 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1046 1133 Windows CER-GS 932 936 (GBK) 950 Extended Latin-8 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1270 Cyrillic + French Cyrillic + German Polytonic Greek EBCDIC Japanese language in EBCDIC DKOI DEC terminals (VTx) Multinational (MCS) National Replacement (NRCS) French Canadian Swiss Spanish United Kingdom Dutch Finnish French Norwegian and Danish Swedish Norwegian and Danish (alternative) 8-bit Greek 8-bit Turkish SI 960 Hebrew Special Graphics Technical (TCS) Platform specific 1052 1053 1054 1055 1058 Acorn RISC OS Amstrad CPC Apple II ATASCII Atari ST BICS Casio calculators CDC Compucolor 8001 Compucolor II CP/M+ DEC RADIX 50 DEC MCS/NRCS DG International Galaksija GEM GSM 03.38 HP Roman HP FOCAL HP RPL SQUOZE LICS LMBCS MSX NEC APC NeXT PETSCII PostScript Standard PostScript Latin 1 SAM Coupé Sega SC-3000 Sharp calculators Sharp MZ Sinclair QL Teletext TI calculators TRS-80 Ventura International WISCII XCCS ZX80 ZX81 ZX Spectrum Other ABICOMP ASMO 449 Digital encoding of APL symbols ISO-IR-68 ARIB STD-B24 Fieldata HZ IEC-P27-1 INIS 7-bit 8-bit ISO-IR-169 ISO 2033 KOI KOI8-R KOI8-RU KOI8-U Mojikyō SEASCII Stanford/ITS Symbol TRON Unified Hangul Code Unicode, ISO/IEC 10646 UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16 UTF-32 UTF-EBCDIC GB 18030 DIN 91379 BOCU-1 CESU-8 SCSU TACE16 Comparison of Unicode encodings TeX typesetting Cork LY1 OML OMS OT1 Control character Morse prosigns C0 and C1 control codes ISO/IEC 6429 JIS X 0211 Unicode control, format and separator characters Whitespace characters Related topics CCSID Character encodings in HTML Charset detection Han unification Hardware code page MICR code Mojibake Variable-length encoding Character sets

v t e Unicode Unicode Consortium ISO/IEC 10646 (Universal Character Set) Versions Code points Block List Universal Character Set Character charts Character property Plane Private Use Area Pairs Combining character Compatibility characters Duplicate characters Equivalence Homoglyph Precomposed character list Z-variant Variation sequences Regional indicator symbol Emoji skin color Characters Special purpose BOM Combining grapheme joiner Left-to-right mark – Right-to-left mark Soft hyphen Variant form Word joiner Zero-width joiner Zero-width non-joiner Zero-width space Lists Characters CJK Unified Ideographs Combining character Duplicate characters Numerals Scripts Spaces Symbols Halfwidth – fullwidth Alias names – abbreviations Whitespace characters Processing Algorithms Bidirectional text Collation ISO/IEC 14651 Equivalence Variation sequences International Ideographs Core Encoding comparison BOCU-1 CESU-8 Punycode SCSU UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16/UCS-2 UTF-32/UCS-4 UTF-EBCDIC Use Domain names (IDN) Email Fonts HTML entity references numeric references Input International Ideographs Core Related standards Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) GB 18030 ISO/IEC 8859 DIN 91379 ISO 15924 Related topics Anomalies ConScript Unicode Registry Ideographic Research Group International Components for Unicode People involved with Unicode Han unification Scripts and symbols in Unicode Scripts Common, inherited Combining marks Diacritics Punctuation marks Spaces Numbers Modern Adlam Arabic Armenian Balinese Bamum Batak Bengali Beria Erfe Bopomofo Braille Buhid Burmese Canadian Aboriginal Chakma Cham Cherokee CJK Unified Ideographs (Han) Cyrillic Deseret Devanagari Garay Geʽez Georgian Greek Gujarati Gunjala Gondi Gurmukhi Gurung Khema Hangul Hanifi Rohingya Hanja Hanunuoo Hebrew Hiragana Javanese Kanji Kannada Katakana Kayah Li Khmer Kirat Rai Lao Latin Lepcha Limbu Lisu (Fraser) Lontara Malayalam Masaram Gondi Mende Kikakui Medefaidrin Miao (Pollard) Mongolian Mru N'Ko Nag Mundari New Tai Lue Nüshu Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong Odia Ol Chiki Ol Onal Osage Osmanya Pahawh Hmong Pau Cin Hau Pracalit (Newa) Ranjana Rejang Samaritan Saurashtra Shavian Sinhala Sorang Sompeng Sundanese Sunuwar Syriac Tagbanwa Tai Le Tai Tham Tai Viet Tai Yo Tamil Tangsa Telugu Thaana Thai Tibetan Tifinagh Tirhuta Tolong Siki Toto Vai Wancho Warang Citi Yi Ancient, historic Ahom Anatolian hieroglyphs Ancient North Arabian Avestan Bassa Vah Bhaiksuki Brāhmī Carian Caucasian Albanian Coptic Cuneiform Cypriot Cypro-Minoan Dives Akuru Dogra Egyptian hieroglyphs Elbasan Elymaic Glagolitic Gothic Grantha Hatran Imperial Aramaic Inscriptional Pahlavi Inscriptional Parthian Kaithi Kawi Kharosthi Khitan small script Khojki Khudawadi Khwarezmian (Chorasmian) Linear A Linear B Lycian Lydian Mahajani Makasar Mandaic Manichaean Marchen Meetei Mayek Meroitic Modi Multani Nabataean Nandinagari Ogham Old Hungarian Old Italic Old Permic Old Persian cuneiform Old Sogdian Old Turkic Old Uyghur Palmyrene ʼPhags-pa Phoenician Psalter Pahlavi Runic Sharada Siddham Sidetic Sogdian South Arabian Soyombo Sylheti Nagri Tagalog (Baybayin) Takri Tangut Todhri Tulu Tigalari Ugaritic Vithkuqi Yezidi Zanabazar Square Notational Duployan SignWriting Symbols Cultural, political, religious symbols Currency symbols Control Pictures Mathematical operators, symbols Glossary Phonetic symbols (including IPA) Emoji Category: Unicode Category: Unicode blocks

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [GB 18030](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.