# G4 nations
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{{Short description|Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan in the UN}}{{See also|G4 (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox international organization
| name = G4
| native_name = {{unbulleted list | {{native name|pt|Grupo dos Quatro}} | {{native name|de|Gruppe der Vier}} | {{native name|hi| ४ राष्ट्रों का समूह}} | {{native name|ja|G4諸国}}
}}
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| map = File:G4 Nations.svg
| map_caption = Map of G4 countries
| abbreviation =
| predecessor =
| formation = 2005
| extinction =
| type = Political cooperative alliance
| status =
| purpose = Reform of the [UNSC](/source/United_Nations_Security_Council)
| location =
| membership = {{Collapsible list
| title = G4 nations
| {{BRA}} | {{GER}} | {{IND}} | {{JAP}} }}
| leader_title =
| leader_name = '''{{flag|Brazil}}'''
: [President](/source/President_of_Brazil) [Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva](/source/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva)
'''{{flag|Germany}}'''
: [Chancellor](/source/Chancellor_of_Germany) [Friedrich Merz](/source/Friedrich_Merz)
'''{{flag|India}}'''
: [Prime Minister](/source/Prime_Minister_of_India) [Narendra Modi](/source/Narendra_Modi)
'''{{flag|Japan}}'''
: [Prime Minister](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Japan) [Sanae Takaichi](/source/Sanae_Takaichi)
| main_organ =
| parent_organization =
| affiliations =
| budget =
| num_staff =
| num_staff_year =
| num_volunteers =
| num_volunteers_year =
| website =
| remarks =
| bodystyle = width:25em
}}
The '''G4 nations,''' comprising [Brazil](/source/Brazil), [Germany](/source/Germany), [India](/source/India), and [Japan](/source/Japan), are four countries which support each other's attempts to gain [permanent seats](/source/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council) on the [United Nations Security Council](/source/United_Nations_Security_Council). Unlike the [G7](/source/Group_of_Seven), where the common denominator of the members is related to the [economy](/source/economy) and long-term political goals, the G4's primary aim is to [reform the Security Council](/source/Reform_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council). Each of these four countries have figured among the elected non-permanent members of the council since the UN's establishment. Their economic, political and military influence has grown significantly in the last decades, reaching a scope comparable to the permanent members (P5). However, the G4's bids are often opposed by the [Uniting for Consensus](/source/Uniting_for_Consensus) movement led by [Italy](/source/Italy), and particularly by the G4's economic competitors and political rivals.[{{cite web| url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/200/41231.html| title=Japan Says No to G4 Bid| publisher=Globalpolicy.org| date=2006-01-07| access-date=2011-05-30| archive-date=5 March 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191017/https://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/200/41231.html| url-status=live}}]
==Background==
The [United Nations](/source/United_Nations) currently has five permanent members with [veto power](/source/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power) in the Security Council: [China](/source/China), [France](/source/France), [Russia](/source/Russia), the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom), and the [United States](/source/United_States) – comprising the victors, or successor states of the victors, of [World War II](/source/World_War_II). The G4 nations are regularly elected to two-year terms on the Security Council as non-permanent members by their respective regional groups: in the 24-year period from 1987 to 2010, [Brazil](/source/Brazil) and [Japan](/source/Japan) were elected for five terms each, [Germany](/source/Germany) for four terms (one term as West Germany and three terms as unified Germany) and [India](/source/India) for eight terms.[{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/sc/members.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706231352/http://www.un.org/sc/members.asp|url-status=dead|title=Membership of the Security Council|archivedate=6 July 2010}}] Cumulatively, the G4 has spent 64 years on the Security Council since the UN's inception, with each country serving at least a decade.[[List of members of the United Nations Security Council](/source/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council)]
{{clear}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! colspan="14" | Comparison of G4 and [P5](/source/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council) nations
|-
! width=130|Country data
! {{flagicon|Brazil}}
[Brazil](/source/Brazil)
! {{flagicon|Germany}}
[Germany](/source/Germany)
! {{flagicon|India}}
[India](/source/India)
! {{flagicon|Japan}}
[Japan](/source/Japan)
! {{flagicon|China}}
[China](/source/China)
! {{flagicon|France}}
[France](/source/France)
! {{flagicon|Russia}}
[Russia](/source/Russia)
! {{flagicon|United Kingdom}}
[United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom)
! {{flagicon|United States}}
[United States](/source/United_States)
|-
|align=left|''' G4 nation ''or''
[P5 nation](/source/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council)'''
|'''G4'''
|'''G4'''
|'''G4'''
|'''G4'''
|'''P5'''
|'''P5'''
|'''P5'''
|'''P5'''
|'''P5'''
|-
|align=left|'''[Region](/source/United_Nations_Regional_Groups)'''
|'''Latin America and
Caribbean'''
|'''Western
Europe and Others'''
|'''Indo-Pacific'''
|'''Indo-Pacific'''
|'''Indo-Pacific'''
|'''Western
European and Others'''
|'''Eastern
Europe'''
|'''Western
Europe and Others'''
|'''Western Europe and Others (observer)'''
|-
|align=left|'''[Population](/source/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population)'''
|2.7%
'''7th'''
|1.1%
'''19th'''
|17.9%
'''1st'''
|1.6%
'''11th'''
|17.9%
'''2nd'''
|0.9%
'''20th'''
|1.9%
'''9th'''
|0.9%
'''21st'''
|4.2%
'''3rd'''
|-
|align=left|'''[Territory](/source/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area)'''
|8 515 767 km2
'''5th'''
|357 114 km2
'''62nd'''
|3 287 263 km2
'''7th'''
|377 973 km2
'''61st'''
|9 596 961 km2
'''4th'''
|640 679 km2
'''42nd'''
|17 098 246 km2
'''1st'''
|242 495 km2
'''78th'''
|9 833 517 km2
'''3rd'''
|-
|align=left|'''[GDP (nominal) (US$trillion)](/source/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal))'''
|$2.63
'''10th'''
|$5.45
'''3rd'''
|$4.15
'''6th'''
|$4.37
'''4th'''
|$20.85
'''2nd'''
|$3.59
'''7th'''
|$2.63
'''9th'''
|$4.26
'''5th'''
|$32.38
'''1st'''
|-
|align=left|'''[GDP (PPP) (US$trillion)](/source/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP))'''
|$4.973
'''8th'''
|$6.153
'''6th'''
|$17.714
'''3rd'''
|$6.758
'''5th'''
|$41.015
'''1st'''
|$4.533
'''9th'''
|$7.143
'''4th'''
|$4.454
'''10th'''
|$30.615
'''2nd'''
|-
|align=left|'''[UN funding](/source/United_Nations)'''1
|2.95%
'''8th'''
|6.09%
'''4th'''
|0.83%
'''21st'''
|8.56%
'''3rd'''
|12.01%
'''2nd'''
|4.43%
'''6th'''
|2.41%
'''10th'''
|4.57%
'''5th'''
|22.00%
'''1st'''
|-
|align=left|'''[UN peacekeeping funding](/source/United_Nations)'''2
|0.59%
'''19th'''
|6.09%
'''4th'''
|0.17%
'''38th'''
|8.56%
'''3rd'''
|15.22%
'''2nd'''
|5.61%
'''6th'''
|3.04%
'''8th'''
|5.79%
'''5th'''
|27.89%
'''1st'''
|-
|align=left|'''[UN peacekeepers](/source/List_of_countries_by_number_of_UN_peacekeepers)'''
|282
'''47th'''
|504
'''37th'''
|5,353
'''5th'''
|6
'''105th'''
|2,531
'''9th'''
|706
'''30th'''
|70
'''70th'''
|279
'''48th'''
|33
'''78th'''
|-
|align=left|'''[Defence budget (US$billion)](/source/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures)'''
|$20.9
'''21st'''
|$88.5
'''4th'''
|$86.1
'''5th'''
|$55.3
'''10th'''
|$314.0
'''2nd'''
|$64.7
'''9th'''
|$149.0
'''3rd'''
|$81.8
'''6th'''
|$997.0
'''1st'''
|-
|align=left|'''[Military (active)](/source/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel)'''
|374,500
'''14th'''
|179,850
'''26th'''
|1,475,750
'''2nd'''
|247,150
'''22nd'''
|2,035,000
'''1st'''
|202,000
'''23rd'''
|1,134,000
'''5th'''
|141,100
'''35th'''
|1,315,600
'''3rd'''
|-
|align=left|'''[Military (reserve)](/source/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel)'''
|1,415,000
'''5th'''
|34,100
'''52nd'''
|1,155,000
'''6th'''
|55,900
'''41st'''
|510,000
'''10th'''
|38,500
'''49th'''
|1,500,000
'''4th'''
|70,450
'''34th'''
|797,200
'''7th'''
|-
|align=left|'''[Paramilitary (active)](/source/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel)'''
|395,000
'''7th'''
|0
'''—'''
|1,616,050
'''3rd'''
|14,800
'''59th'''
|500,000
'''5th'''
|95,100
'''22nd'''
|569,000
'''4th'''
|0
'''—'''
|0
'''—'''
|-
|align=left|'''[Military (total)](/source/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel)'''
|2,184,500
'''7th'''
|213,950
'''45th'''
|4,246,800
'''4th'''
|317,850
'''34th'''
|3,045,000
'''6th'''
|335,600
'''33rd'''
|3,203,000
'''5th'''
|211,550
'''46th'''
|2,112,800
'''8th'''
|-
|align=left|'''[Active space program](/source/List_of_government_space_agencies)'''
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|-
|align=left|'''[Helicopter carriers projects](/source/Helicopter_carrier)'''
|{{Y}}
|{{N}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{N}}
|{{Y}}
|-
|align=left|'''[Aircraft carriers projects](/source/Aircraft_carrier)'''
|{{N}}
|{{N}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|-
|align=left|'''[Nuclear submarines projects](/source/Nuclear_submarine)'''
|{{Y}}
|{{N}}
|{{Y}}
|{{N}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|{{Y}}
|-
|align=left|'''[Active nuclear arsenal](/source/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons)'''
|{{N}}
|{{N}}3
|190
'''6th'''
|{{N}}
|350
'''3rd'''
|290
'''4th'''
|5,977
'''1st'''
|225
'''5th'''
|5,428
'''2nd'''
|-
! colspan="13" style=font-size:85% | 1share of annual UN budget 2share of funding for UN peacekeeping 3Germany takes part in [NATO](/source/NATO) [nuclear weapons sharing](/source/Nuclear_sharing) agreement
|}
{{clear}}
==Opinions==
===Support===
The United Kingdom and France have backed the G4's bid for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council.[{{cite web|url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page15144|title=Joint UK-France Summit Declaration|date=27 March 2008|publisher=British Prime Minister’s |access-date=15 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909001137/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page15144|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2008}}] Japan has received support from the United States[[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn//doc/2005-04/18/content_435251.htm US backs Japan's UNSC bid despite setback to momentum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130234032/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn//doc/2005-04/18/content_435251.htm |date=30 January 2021 }}, [People's Daily](/source/People's_Daily), 19 April 2005] and the United Kingdom.[[http://www.centralchronicle.com/20070111/1101194.htm UK backs Japan for UNSC bid] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221044357/http://www.centralchronicle.com/20070111/1101194.htm |date=21 February 2007 }}, Central Chronicle, 11 January 2007]
All the permanent members of [P5](/source/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council) have supported India's bids for permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), but China has previously implied that it is only ready to support India's bid for a permanent seat on United Nations Security Council if India does not associate its bid with Japan.[{{Cite web|url = https://thediplomat.com/2015/02/china-should-back-india-for-a-permanent-un-security-council-seat/|title = China Should Back India for a Permanent UN Security Council Seat|access-date = 12 February 2021|archive-date = 8 November 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201108133158/https://thediplomat.com/2015/02/china-should-back-india-for-a-permanent-un-security-council-seat/|url-status = live}}][[http://in.chineseembassy.org/eng/ssygd/zygx/t191495.htm China supports India's bid for UNSC seat: Wen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111212310/http://in.chineseembassy.org/eng/ssygd/zygx/t191495.htm |date=11 November 2020 }}.][{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article2233806.ece |location=Chennai, India |work=The Hindu |first=Ananth |last=Krishnan |title=China ready to support Indian bid for UNSC |date=16 July 2011 |access-date=23 September 2014 |archive-date=13 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113184845/http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article2233806.ece |url-status=live }}][[http://www.centerforunreform.org/node/386 "Countries Welcome Work Plan as Security Council Reform Process Commences New Phase"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927134550/http://www.centerforunreform.org/node/386 |date=27 September 2015 }}. Center for UN Reform Education.]
The United States has sent strong indications to Brazil that it is willing to support its membership, albeit without a veto.[[https://www.foxnews.com/story/powell-brazil-not-developing-nukes "Powell: Brazil Not Developing Nukes"] [News Channel](/source/News_Channel). Retrieved 28 June 2009.] The [Council on Foreign Relations](/source/Council_on_Foreign_Relations) recommended that the U.S. government fully endorse the inclusion of Brazil as a permanent member of the Security Council.[{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/brazil/global-brazil-us-brazil-relations/p25407|title=Global Brazil and U.S.-Brazil Relations|access-date=16 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908084417/http://www.cfr.org/brazil/global-brazil-us-brazil-relations/p25407|archive-date=8 September 2012|url-status=dead}}] Brazil has received backing from three of the current permanent members, namely France,[[http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/brazil_444/index.html "France and Brazil"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110062022/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/brazil_444/index.html |date=10 January 2008 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France. Retrieved 28 June 2009.][{{cite web|url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page15144|title=Joint UK-France Summit Declaration|date=27 March 2008|publisher=British Prime Minister's |access-date=15 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909001137/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page15144|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2008}}] Russia,[[http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/832/41/ "Putin in Brazil"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724180420/http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/832/41/ |date=24 July 2009 }}, ''Brazzil''. Retrieved 28 June 2009.][{{cite web |url=https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/3994885 |title=Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov's remarks and answers to questions at a plenary session of the Raisina Dialogue international conference, New Delhi, January 15, 2020 |access-date=17 January 2020 |archive-date=10 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510231833/https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/3994885 |url-status=live }}] and the United Kingdom.[[https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100511105408/http://number10.gov.uk/news/latest-news/2009/03/uk-backs-brazil-as-permanent-security-council-member-18798 "UK backs Brazil as permanent Security Council member"], 10 Downing ., 27 March 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2009.][{{cite news |url=https://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2019/11/14/brics-divulgam-declaracao-de-brasilia-documento-final-da-cupula-do-grupo-leia-a-integra.ghtml |website=G1 |title=BRICS divulga "Declaração de Brasília" |date=14 November 2019 |access-date=14 November 2019 |archive-date=18 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218163350/https://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2019/11/14/brics-divulgam-declaracao-de-brasilia-documento-final-da-cupula-do-grupo-leia-a-integra.ghtml |url-status=live }}]
As stated by the [Minister of Foreign Affairs](/source/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Russia)) [Sergey Lavrov](/source/Sergey_Lavrov) at the Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi in January 2020: "I would say the Security Council's main shortcoming is the under-representation of developing countries. We reiterate our position that India and Brazil absolutely deserve to be on the council together with an African candidate, our position is that the purpose of the reform is to make sure that the developing countries enjoy a better treatment in the central organ of the United Nations".[{{Cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/allying-with-japan-at-security-council-is-indias-biggest-mistake-chinese-media-1219912 |title=Allying with Japan at Security Council is India's 'Biggest Mistake': Chinese Media |access-date=12 April 2016 |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024154903/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/allying-with-japan-at-security-council-is-indias-biggest-mistake-chinese-media-1219912 |url-status=live }}] [Russia](/source/Russia), [North Korea](/source/North_Korea) and [South Korea](/source/South_Korea).{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
Under the leadership of [Spain](/source/Spain){{citation needed|date=March 2025}} and [Italy](/source/Italy),["[https://www.globalpolicy.org/security/reform/cluster1/2005/0603models.htm Players and Proposals in the Security Council Debate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115065908/https://www.globalpolicy.org/security/reform/cluster1/2005/0603models.htm |date=15 January 2022 }}", Global Policy Forum, 3 July 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2006.] countries that strongly oppose the G4 countries' bids have formed the [Uniting for Consensus](/source/Uniting_for_Consensus) movement, composed mainly of [regional power](/source/regional_power)s that oppose the rise of some nearby country to permanent member status. Uniting for Consensus supports expanding the number of non-permanent security council members and restricting the usage of the veto. The bloc argues that adding more permanent seats to the security council only benefits the nations that gain those seats, and believes that an expansion of the non-permanent membership will make the UNSC both more flexible and more democratic.[{{Cite web|title='UNITING FOR CONSENSUS' GROUP OF STATES INTRODUCES TEXT ON SECURITY COUNCIL REFORM TO GENERAL ASSEMBLY {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2005/ga10371.doc.htm|access-date=2021-05-19|website=www.un.org|archive-date=21 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021102037/https://www.un.org/press/en/2005/ga10371.doc.htm|url-status=live}}]
In [Latin America](/source/Latin_America) countries, [Colombia](/source/Colombia),{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} [Mexico](/source/Mexico){{citation needed|date=March 2025}} and [Argentina](/source/Argentina) opposes a seat for [Brazil](/source/Brazil).[{{Cite web |title=People's Daily Online -- Argentina opposes Brazilian admission to UN Security Council |url=http://en.people.cn/200504/15/eng20050415_181210.html |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=en.people.cn |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302025350/http://en.people.cn/200504/15/eng20050415_181210.html |url-status=live }}] In [Asia](/source/Asia), [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan) opposes [India](/source/India)'s bid.[{{Cite web|last=Iqbal|first=Anwar|date=2020-09-27|title=Pakistan opposes India's demand for UNSC seat|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1581834|access-date=2021-11-29|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|archive-date=29 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129140255/https://www.dawn.com/news/1581834|url-status=live}}]
Another counter-proposal, the [Ezulwini Consensus](/source/Ezulwini_Consensus), was presented by the African Union, calling for the addition of five new non-permanent seats and two new permanent seats to be allocated to African nations, in response to a lack of African representation on the Security Council.[{{Cite web|date=2011-10-25|title=African Union. Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes|url=http://cns.miis.edu/inventory/pdfs/au.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-19|website=James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025001131/http://cns.miis.edu/inventory/pdfs/au.pdf|archive-date=25 October 2011|via=archive.org}}]
==Activity==
[[File:UN Security Council and G4.svg|thumb|right|300px|The G4 and [P5](/source/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council) members as a future reformed UNSC]]
thumb|Meeting of G4 leaders (September 26, 2015)
The G4 suggested that two African nations, in addition to themselves, be included in the enlarged UNSC. In several conferences during the summer of 2005, African Union was unable to agree on two nominees: Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa all lay claim to a permanent African UNSC seat.[[https://www.un.org/av/radio/unandafrica/transcript57.htm Africa's Battle for Power in the Security Council], United Nations Radio, 21 July 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227142848/http://www.un.org/av/radio/unandafrica/transcript57.htm |date=27 December 2005 }}][[http://www.africafocus.org/docs05/un0504.php Africa: Security Council Expansion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224221709/http://www.africafocus.org/docs05/un0504.php |date=24 February 2009 }}, AfricaFocus Bulletin, 30 April 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2006.]
A UN General Assembly in September 2005 marked the 60th anniversary of the UN and the members were to decide on a number of necessary reforms—including the enlarged Security Council. However the unwillingness to find a negotiable position stopped even the most urgent reforms; the September 2005 General Assembly was a setback for the UN.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}
The G4 retain their goal of permanent UNSC membership for all four nations (plus two African nations). In January 2006, Japan announced it would not support putting the G4 resolution back on the table, not to interfere with any effort by the African Union to unite behind a single plan. And meanwhile, Japan's continuing relations with the G4 were not mutually exclusive.[{{Cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb137/is_2_28/ai_n29284034/?tag=content;col1Harvard |title=International Review, Summer, 2006 by Emily Bruemmer |access-date=8 April 2011 |archive-date=11 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111032544/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb137/is_2_28/ai_n29284034/?tag=content;col1Harvard |url-status=live }}][[https://www.globalpolicy.org/security/reform/cluster1/2006/0107bid.htm Japan Says No to G4 Bid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519045627/http://www.globalpolicy.org//security//reform/cluster1/2006/0107bid.htm |date=19 May 2009 }}, Global Policy Forum, News24.com, 7 Jan 2006] G4 issued a joint statement on 12 February 2011, in which their foreign ministers agreed to seek concrete outcome in the current session of the UN General Assembly.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
In September 2015, [Narendra Modi](/source/Narendra_Modi), the Prime Minister of [India](/source/India), invited the leaders of the G4 for a summit following the adoption of UN General Assembly Decision 69/560 by consensus, which moved forward for the first time.[{{cite web |last = Sharma |first = Rajeev |url = http://www.firstpost.com/world/india-pushes-the-envelope-at-g4-summit-pm-modi-tells-unsc-to-make-space-for-largest-democracies-2446526.html |title = India pushes the envelope at G4 Summit: PM Modi tells UNSC to make space for largest democracies |date = 27 September 2015 |access-date = 20 October 2015 |work = First Post |archive-date = 2 June 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210602011854/https://www.firstpost.com/world/india-pushes-the-envelope-at-g4-summit-pm-modi-tells-unsc-to-make-space-for-largest-democracies-2446526.html |url-status = live }}] In 2017, it was reported that the G4 nations were willing to temporarily forgo [veto power](/source/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power) if granted a permanent UNSC seat.[{{cite web|title=India Offers To Temporarily Forgo Veto Power If Granted Permanent UNSC Seat|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/03/08/india-offers-to-temporarily-forgo-veto-power-if-granted-permanen/|work=[The Huffington Post](/source/The_Huffington_Post)|access-date=9 March 2017|archive-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308181726/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2017/03/08/india-offers-to-temporarily-forgo-veto-power-if-granted-permanen/|url-status=live}}]
In September 2019, in a joint press statement during the 74th session of the United Nations General Assembly, the G4 ministers reiterated their strong commitment to an early and comprehensive reform of the UNSC. Bearing in mind that in 2020 the United Nations would celebrate its 75th anniversary, the G4 ministers also expressed their firm hope that the current session of the General Assembly would pave the way for finally moving on the call for an ‘early reform’ of the Security Council and underscored their steadfast support for Africa's representation in both the permanent and non-permanent categories of membership of a future reform.[{{cite news |title=Joint Press Statement |url=http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/en/press-releases/20897-meeting-of-the-foreign-ministers-of-the-g4-countries-brazil-germany-india-and-japan-united-nations-security-council-reform-joint-press-statement-new-york-25-september-2019 |website=Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=25 September 2019 |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-date=5 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005154208/http://www.itamaraty.gov.br/en/press-releases/20897-meeting-of-the-foreign-ministers-of-the-g4-countries-brazil-germany-india-and-japan-united-nations-security-council-reform-joint-press-statement-new-york-25-september-2019 |url-status=live }}]
In September 2023, in a joint press statement during the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly, the foreign ministers of G4, joined to discuss the state of play of the negotiations for the reform of the UNSC, and reiterated that the expansion of the Security Council is essential to make the body more representative, legitimate, effective and efficient, adding that Africa needs to be represented in both the permanent and non-permanent categories of membership of a reformed and expanded Council.[{{cite news |title=Joint Press Statement |url=https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/comunicado-conjunto-da-reuniao-ministerial-do-g4-2013-nova-york-21-de-setembro-de-2023 |website=Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=21 September 2023 |access-date=9 November 2023 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109141656/https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/comunicado-conjunto-da-reuniao-ministerial-do-g4-2013-nova-york-21-de-setembro-de-2023 |url-status=live }}]
In November 2025, in reference to the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, Brazil, supported by Germany, India, and Japan, called for the start of reform negotiations, stating, "as confidence in the UN is shaken and the international order anchored in international law and the [UN Charter](/source/UN_Charter) faces unprecedented pressure, reform is necessary not only to strengthen this organization as a whole, but also to reinforce the entire multilateral system on which it is based and sustained".[{{cite news |last=Chade |first=Jamil |title=Brasil propõe que negociação para expansão de Conselho da ONU seja iniciada |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/colunas/jamil-chade/2025/11/18/brasil-propoe-que-negociacao-para-expansao-de-conselho-da-onu-seja-iniciada.htm |website=UOL |date=18 November 2025 |language=pt}}]
==Current leaders of the G4 Nations==
The following are the [head of state](/source/head_of_state) and [heads of government](/source/heads_of_government) that represent the members of the G4 nations as of 2025:
File:Lula (05-09-2024).jpg|{{flagicon|Brazil}} '''[Lula da Silva](/source/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva)'''
[President of the
Federative Republic of Brazil](/source/President_of_Brazil)
since 1 January 2023
File:2025-02-23 Bundestagswahl – Wahlabend CDU by Sandro Halank–070.jpg|{{Flagicon|Germany}} '''[Friedrich Merz](/source/Friedrich_Merz)'''
[Chancellor of the
Federal Republic of Germany](/source/Chancellor_of_Germany)
since 6 May 2025
File:The official portrait of Shri Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of the Republic of India.jpg|{{flagicon|India}} '''[Narendra Modi](/source/Narendra_Modi)'''
[Prime Minister of the
Republic of India](/source/Prime_Minister_of_India)
since 26 May 2014
File:Sanae Takaichi 20251021 (cropped) 1.jpg|{{flagicon|Japan}} '''[Sanae Takaichi](/source/Sanae_Takaichi)'''
[Prime Minister of the
State of Japan](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Japan)
since 21 October 2025
===Current ministerial leaders===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Member
! Minister of Foreign/External Affairs
! Defense Minister
|-
| {{flagcountry|Brazil}}
| [Mauro Vieira](/source/Mauro_Vieira)
| [José Múcio](/source/Jos%C3%A9_M%C3%BAcio)
|-
| {{nowrap|{{flagcountry|Germany}}}}
| [Johann Wadephul](/source/Johann_Wadephul)
| [Boris Pistorius](/source/Boris_Pistorius)
|-
| {{flagcountry|India}}
| [Subrahmanyam Jaishankar](/source/Subrahmanyam_Jaishankar)
| [Rajnath Singh](/source/Rajnath_Singh)
|-
| {{flagcountry|Japan}}
| [Toshimitsu Motegi](/source/Toshimitsu_Motegi)
| [Shinjirō Koizumi](/source/Shinjir%C5%8D_Koizumi)
|}
==See also==
*[Group of Five](/source/Group_of_Five)
*[Group of Eleven](/source/Group_of_Eleven)
*[G8+5](/source/G8%2B5)
*[List of country groupings](/source/List_of_country_groupings)
*[List of multilateral free-trade agreements](/source/List_of_multilateral_free-trade_agreements)
*[BRICS](/source/BRICS)
*[MIKTA](/source/MIKTA)
===Relations between G4 countries===
*[Brazil–Germany relations](/source/Brazil%E2%80%93Germany_relations)
*[Brazil–India relations](/source/Brazil%E2%80%93India_relations)
*[Brazil–Japan relations](/source/Brazil%E2%80%93Japan_relations)
*[Germany–India relations](/source/Germany%E2%80%93India_relations)
*[Germany–Japan relations](/source/Germany%E2%80%93Japan_relations)
*[India–Japan relations](/source/India%E2%80%93Japan_relations)
===Relations between G4 and P5 countries===
*[Brazil–China relations](/source/Brazil%E2%80%93China_relations)
*[Brazil–France relations](/source/Brazil%E2%80%93France_relations)
*[Brazil–Russia relations](/source/Brazil%E2%80%93Russia_relations)
*[Brazil–United Kingdom relations](/source/Brazil%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations)
*[Brazil–United States relations](/source/Brazil%E2%80%93United_States_relations)
*[China–Germany relations](/source/China%E2%80%93Germany_relations)
*[France–Germany relations](/source/France%E2%80%93Germany_relations)
*[Germany–Russia relations](/source/Germany%E2%80%93Russia_relations)
*[Germany–United Kingdom relations](/source/Germany%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations)
*[Germany–United States relations](/source/Germany%E2%80%93United_States_relations)
*[China–India relations](/source/China%E2%80%93India_relations)
*[France–India relations](/source/France%E2%80%93India_relations)
*[India–Russia relations](/source/India%E2%80%93Russia_relations)
*[India–United Kingdom relations](/source/India%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations)
*[India–United States relations](/source/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations)
*[China–Japan relations](/source/China%E2%80%93Japan_relations)
*[France–Japan relations](/source/France%E2%80%93Japan_relations)
*[Japan–Russia relations](/source/Japan%E2%80%93Russia_relations)
*[Japan–United Kingdom relations](/source/Japan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations)
*[Japan–United States relations](/source/Japan%E2%80%93United_States_relations)
===Relations between P5 countries===
*[China–France relations](/source/China%E2%80%93France_relations)
*[China–Russia relations](/source/China%E2%80%93Russia_relations)
*[China–United Kingdom relations](/source/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations)
*[China–United States relations](/source/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations)
*[France–Russia relations](/source/France%E2%80%93Russia_relations)
*[France–United Kingdom relations](/source/France%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations)
*[France–United States relations](/source/France%E2%80%93United_States_relations)
*[Russia–United Kingdom relations](/source/Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations)
*[Russia–United States relations](/source/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations)
*[United Kingdom–United States relations](/source/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations)
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{International power}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:2005 establishments
Category:2005 in international relations
Category:United Nations coalitions and unofficial groups
Category:United Nations reform
Category:Brazil and the United Nations
Category:Germany and the United Nations
Category:India and the United Nations
Category:Japan and the United Nations
Category:Brazil–Germany relations
Category:Brazil–India relations
Category:Brazil–Japan relations
Category:Germany–India relations
Category:Germany–Japan relations
Category:India–Japan relations
Category:Multilateral relations of Brazil
Category:Multilateral relations of India
Category:Multilateral relations of Germany
Category:Multilateral relations of Japan
---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [G4 nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G4_nations) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G4_nations?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.