# Fyodor of Kiev

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14th-century prince

**Fyodor** ([Lithuanian](/source/Lithuanian_language): *Teodoras*; fl. 14th century) was the [prince of Kiev](/source/Prince_of_Kiev) until 1362.[1] Most likely he was the son of [Butvydas](/source/Butvydas), and a younger brother of [Gediminas](/source/Gediminas), the [grand duke of Lithuania](/source/Grand_duke_of_Lithuania), his [pagan](/source/Paganism) name is unknown and he was [baptized](/source/Baptism) as [Orthodox](/source/Orthodoxy) Fyodor.[2] Only a couple of short notes survive regarding Fyodor's life.

In the early 1320s,[3] Gediminas won the [Battle on the Irpen' River](/source/Battle_on_the_Irpen'_River) against [Stanislav of Kiev](/source/Stanislav_of_Kiev) and captured the city.[4] The Tatars, who also claimed Kiev, retaliated during the years 1324–1325. The [Lithuanian Chronicles](/source/Lithuanian_Chronicles) mention that Gediminas installed his deputy Algimantas, son of Mindaugas from [Olshanski](/source/Olshanski) family. There were some attempts to claim that Algimantas was Fyodor's pagan name, but they are discharged by evidence that Algimantas was baptized as Mikhail.[5]

In 1331, [Vasily Kalika](/source/Vasily_Kalika), the newly consecrated [archbishop of Novgorod](/source/Archbishop_of_Novgorod), was traveling from [Vladimir-Volynsky](/source/Volodymyr_(city)) to [Novgorod](/source/Veliky_Novgorod).[6] On his way he was stopped by Fyodor, the prince of Kiev, a [Tatar](/source/Golden_Horde) tax collector (*[basqaq](/source/Basqaq)*), and 50 men.[7] The presence of a Tatar official led historians to believe that while Kiev was ruled by a Lithuanian, it had to pay a tribute to the [Golden Horde](/source/Golden_Horde).[8] Later, a separate Orthodox [metropolis](/source/Metropolis_(religious_jurisdiction)) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was established (Metropolitan Teofilis, who died in 1330) and aid was provided to the [Principality of Tver](/source/Principality_of_Tver), which was fighting against the [Grand Duchy of Moscow](/source/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow).[2] Lithuanians gained full control of Kiev after the victorious [Battle of Blue Waters](/source/Battle_of_Blue_Waters) in 1362.[9] According to the *[Hustyn Chronicle](/source/Hustyn_Chronicle)*, after the battle, Fyodor was replaced as the prince of Kiev by [Vladimir](/source/Vladimir_Olgerdovich), son of [Algirdas](/source/Algirdas).[7]

For a long time scholars assumed that Fyodor was of [Rurikid](/source/Rurikid) origin (descendant of [Oleg I of Chernigov](/source/Oleg_I_of_Chernigov)) because of his Christian name. However, in 1916, Russian historian [Mikhail Priselkov](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Priselkov&action=edit&redlink=1) published a list of property belonging to [Theognostus](/source/Theognostus), the [metropolitan of Moscow](/source/List_of_metropolitans_and_patriarchs_of_Moscow).[10] The list, compiled in 1331, listed two silver cups given to Theognostus by Fyodor, brother of Gediminas.[7] Modern historians agree that Fyodor from the list and Fyodor from Kiev was one and the same person. No other evidence survives regarding Fyodor's family.

## See also

- [Family of Gediminas](/source/Family_of_Gediminas)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Rowell, S. C. (6 March 2014). [*Lithuania Ascending*](https://books.google.com/books?id=X1cHAwAAQBAJ). Cambridge University Press. p. 108. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-107-65876-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-65876-9).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Vle_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Vle_2-1) Gudavičius, Edvardas. ["Teodoras"](https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/teodoras/). *[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija](/source/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija)* (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 13 August 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Historians disagree on exact dating: Maciej Stryjkowski provided 1320/21, Aleksandr I. Rogov argues for 1322, C. S. Rowell for 1323, Feliks Shabul'do for 1324, Romas Batūra for 1325.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Rowell, C. S. (1994). *Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295-1345*. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Cambridge University Press. p. 97. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-45011-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-45011-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Rowell, C. S. *Lithuania Ascending*, p. 104.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Rowell, C. S. *Lithuania Ascending*, p. 176–177.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-r100_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-r100_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-r100_7-2) Rowell, C. S. *Lithuania Ascending*, p. 100.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Simas Sužiedėlis, ed. (1970–1978). "Theodore". *[Encyclopedia Lituanica](/source/Encyclopedia_Lituanica)*. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 446–447. [LCCN](/source/LCCN_(identifier)) [74-114275](https://lccn.loc.gov/74-114275).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Gudavičius, Edvardas (2004). "Teodoras". In Vytautas Spečiūnas (ed.). *Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.): enciklopedinis žinynas* (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. p. 31. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [5-420-01535-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-420-01535-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** (in Lithuanian) "Teodoras". *Lietuvių enciklopedija*. Vol. 31. Boston, Massachusetts: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. 1953–1966. p. 49. [LCCN](/source/LCCN_(identifier)) [55020366](https://lccn.loc.gov/55020366).

## External links

- Leontiy Voitovych. *[Princely dynasties of the Eastern Europe (end of 9th - start of 16th centuries)](http://litopys.org.ua/dynasty/dyn29.htm)*. Lviv 2000.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Fyodor of Kiev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_of_Kiev) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_of_Kiev?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.