# Fukko Shinto

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Fukko_Shinto
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Fukko_Shinto.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukko_Shinto
> Source revision: 1291865416
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Shinto movement

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

 Hirata Atsutane

**Fukko Shintō** (復古神道, Restoration Shinto) is a movement within [Shinto](/source/Shinto) that was advocated by Japanese scholars during the [Edo period](/source/Edo_period).[1][2] It attempted to reject [Buddhist](/source/Bukka_Shinto) and [Confucian](/source/Confucian_Shinto) influence on Shinto and return to a native Japanese tradition based on [Koshinto](/source/Koshinto).

There were many different variants of Fukko Shintō, but what generally united them was a desire to return to a worldview unique to the [Japanese people](/source/Japanese_people), and which predated the influence of foreign teachings such as [Confucianism](/source/Confucianism) and [Buddhism](/source/Buddhism). It placed great emphasis on "kannagara no michi"[3] (roughly, "the way of the divine handed down from time immemorial"), which embodies the will of the gods.[4]

Like [Suika Shintō](/source/Suika_Shint%C5%8D), which emerged in the early Edo period, Fukko Shintō came to exert great influence over its time. However, thanks to so-called [Kokugakusha](/source/Kokugaku) (scholars of Japanese culture), it developed from a more academic standpoint. Scholars such as [Kamo no Mabuchi](/source/Kamo_no_Mabuchi) and [Motoori Norinaga](/source/Motoori_Norinaga) first advanced the theory of Kodō, followed by [Hirata Atsutane](/source/Hirata_Atsutane) and [Honda Chikaatsu](/source/Honda_Chikaatsu) who completed Fukko Shintō through rejection of Confucianism and Buddhism, and fervor for what they saw as Japan's pure and ancient beliefs.[5] The movement became popular not only among merchants in the cities, but spread throughout the country through village leaders and landowners to peasants. It had great influence on the imperial loyalists at the end of the Edo period, and after the [Meiji Restoration](/source/Meiji_Restoration) it was introduced as part of the [Sonnō jōi](/source/Sonn%C5%8D_j%C5%8Di) (revere the emperor, expel the barbarians) movement's ideology.[6]

In many schools of Fukko Shintō, "[kotodama](/source/Kotodama)", and "kazutama" were used to interpret texts such as [Kojiki](/source/Kojiki) and [Nihon Shoki](/source/Nihon_Shoki). Several have been adopted and reconstructed, such as togoto no kajiri,[7] or mikusa no harai.[8] [Misogi](/source/Misogi) was also considered important. Along with kotodama, [futomani](/source/Futomani), tamashizume and kishinhō are considered the four pillars of Fukko Shintō. Alongside this, orifu was also developed. Many of the practices used in [shintō shrines](/source/Shinto_shrine) today have their origins in the Fukko Shintō movement. Currently, some religious groups claim to follow Fukko Shinto but not Hirata Atsutane, but this claim is seen as untenable.

## History

After Buddhism was introduced to Japan in the 5th century AD, it existed at various times both in coexistence and confrontation with Shinto, but with the [Taika Reforms](/source/Taika_Reform) a peaceful relationship was established between the two. As the Buddhist sects [Tendai](/source/Tendai) and [Shingon](/source/Shingon_Buddhism) developed at the end of the [Heian period](/source/Heian_period), they were no longer merely coexisting, but a syncretistic blending of the religions began to take shape. Shinto, which also came to be known as "Kodō" (the old way), is one of the few religions that has continued to retain its [animistic](/source/Animism) character, and unlike Buddhism and Christianity sanctions [Sacred scripture](/source/Religious_text) with rules and doctrine.[9] Shinto theology was therefore very difficult to formulate. As a result, Buddhist theory was used to explain the deities of Shinto.

During the Edo period, Kamo no Mabuchi drew attention to the existence of ancient Shinto in his book "Kokuikō", and Motoori Norinaga, taking note of this, then completed his major work "[Kojikiden](/source/Kojikiden)", a commentary on [Kojiki](/source/Kojiki). In "Naobi no Mitama", contained in its first volume, Norinaga explains the "way of the gods", which he believes to have been found in the ancient scriptures. This was to be of great importance to the founding of Fukko Shintō, which aimed to revive traditional Japanese Shinto.[4]

Hirata Atsutane also played a major role in shaping the movement. He was inspired by Motoori Norinaga's book, and came to clarify Japan's ancient history, as well as demonstrate the legitimacy of the kōdō (imperial way) to the world. Hirata also carried out prominent research on subjects related to the spirit world, such as the realm of the dead and the soul, and put forward his own version of kokugaku, which referred to other religious groups such as the hokke sect, [Vajrayana](/source/Vajrayana), [Christianity](/source/Christianity) and [Daoism](/source/Taoism). His ideas would become crucial for many proponents of Ko-Shintō such as Honda Chikaatsu and Kawatsura Bonji.

In the [Meiji period](/source/Meiji_(era)), a number of Hirata's followers entered the government, where they encouraged the separation of Buddhism and Shinto, and the introduction of Shinto as the state religion.[10] During the same period, Honda Chikaatsu, his disciple Nagasawa Katsutate, and [Onisaburo Deguchi](/source/Onisaburo_Deguchi) systematized the ancient Shinto doctrine of [Ichirei Shikon](/source/Ichirei_shikon) (one soul four spirits), according to which the human soul is a so-called naohi (a division of an origin god), which controls four spirits: Ara-Mitama, Nigi-Mitama, Kushi-mitama, and Saki-Mitama.

## See also

- [Buddhism](/source/Buddhism)

- [Kokugaku](/source/Kokugaku)

- [Ko-Shintō](/source/Ko-Shint%C5%8D)

- [Shinrikyo](/source/Shinrikyo)

- [Shinto](/source/Shinto)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [天之御中主神](/source/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B9%8B%E5%BE%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E)、[高皇産霊神](/source/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%93)、[神皇産霊神](/source/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%93)の[造化三神](/source/%E5%88%A5%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E7%A5%9E)を根源神として、根源神の分霊が各人の中に宿っているとする流派もあった。

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細"](https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=8713). *國學院大學デジタルミュージアム* (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-03-11.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-yougo13_3-0)** 全国歴史教育研究協議会. *日本史B用語集―A併記* (改訂版 ed.). [山川出版社](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%B7%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9784634013025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784634013025).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-yougo1_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-yougo1_4-1) 全国歴史教育研究協議会. *日本史B用語集―A併記* (改訂版 ed.). [山川出版社](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%B7%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9784634013025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784634013025).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [佐藤信](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%90%E8%97%A4%E4%BF%A1_(%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)&action=edit&redlink=1)、[五味文彦](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E5%91%B3%E6%96%87%E5%BD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1)、[高埜利彦](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%9F%9C%E5%88%A9%E5%BD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1)、[鳥海靖](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%B3%A5%E6%B5%B7%E9%9D%96&action=edit&redlink=1). *詳説日本史研究* (改訂版 ed.). [山川出版社](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E5%B7%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9784634011014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784634011014).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-koshintou_6-0)** 『古神道は甦る』 102-104頁。

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** 「アマテラスオホミカミ」と唱えるもので元は[修験道](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%AE%E9%A8%93%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1)に由来する。

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** 「トホカミエミタメ」という[祝詞](/source/%E7%A5%9D%E8%A9%9E)を唱えるもので[吉田神道](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E7%94%B0%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1)を経由して伝わったもの。

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** 「[古事記](/source/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98)」や「[日本書紀](/source/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%B4%80)」は[神典](/source/%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%B8)ではあるが教義を解説するものではない。

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** 日本史用語研究会. *必携日本史用語* (四訂版 ed.). [実教出版](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9F%E6%95%99%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&action=edit&redlink=1). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9784407316599](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9784407316599).

v t e State Shinto Organizations Department of Divinities Ministry of Divinities Missionary Office Ministry of Religion Kyodo Shoku Taikyo Institute Bureau of Shinto Affairs Bureau of Shrines and Temples Home Ministry Institute of Japanese Classics Research National Association of Shinto Priests Bureau of Shrines Bureau of Religions Institute of Divinities Jingu-kyo Kokugakuin University Concepts Unity of religion and rule Haibutsu kishaku Secular Shrine Theory Yasukuni Shrine Shōkonsha Imperial cult Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines Events Taikyo Proclamation Shinbutsu bunri Shrine Consolidation Policy Religious Organizations Law Shrine Parishioner Registration Humanity Declaration Shinto Directive Successor organizations Association of Shinto Shrines Kokugakuin University Shinto Taikyo Yasukuni Shrine Gokoku Shrines Shrine Shinto Predecessors Kokugaku Fukko Shinto

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Fukko Shinto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukko_Shinto) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukko_Shinto?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.