# Fourcade-Figueroa Object

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Irregular galaxy in constellation Centaurus

Fourcade-Figueroa Object The Fourcade-Figueroa Object known as ESO 270-17 Observation data (J2000 epoch) Constellation Centaurus Right ascension 13h 34m 46.80s Declination −45° 32′ 50.4″ Redshift 0.002762 Heliocentric radial velocity 828 km/s Distance 51.5 Mly (15.78 Mpc) Apparent magnitude (V) 0.30 Apparent magnitude (B) 0.40 Characteristics Type SB(s)m Size 165,000 ly (estimated) Apparent size (V) 15.12' x 1.68' Other designations ESO 270-017, PGC 47847, MCG -07-28-004

The **Fourcade-Figueroa Object**, also known as **ESO 270-17** or the **FF galaxy**,[1] is an edge-on [irregular galaxy](/source/Irregular_galaxy) located in the constellation of [Centaurus](/source/Centaurus). It is located 51 million [light years](/source/Light-year) from [Earth](/source/Earth). The galaxy has a [luminosity class](/source/Stellar_classification) of V with a broad [HI line](/source/Hydrogen_line).[2] It is also classified as a [low-surface brightness galaxy](/source/Low_surface_brightness_galaxy) (LSB) and is located near from the [radio galaxy](/source/Radio_galaxy) NGC 5128, also known as [Centaurus A](/source/Centaurus_A).[3]

## Discovery and observation

The Fourcade-Figueroa Object was discovered in May 1970, by two [astronomers](/source/Astronomer), Carlos Raúl Fourcade from [Argentina](/source/Argentina) and Egardo Javier Figueroa from [Chile](/source/Chile) while capturing the [Centaurus A](/source/Centaurus_A) region with a Curtis-Schmidt camera at [Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory](/source/Cerro_Tololo_Inter-American_Observatory).[4] This discovery prompted both Fourcade and Figueroa to name the object after themselves.[5][3]

For seven years, the Fourcade-Figueroa Object appears to be diffused and elongated. According to Dottori and Fourcade, it is said to be associated with Centaurus A as a shred (a galactic remnant resulting from a [galaxy merger](/source/Galaxy_merger)). In the year 1978, Graham reached a conclusion and found the object is a late-type galaxy.[6][7] In the Second Reference Catalogue, the Fourcade-Figueroa Object has been catalogued as A 1332–45.[3] It is very faint to observe, even using an amateur [telescope](/source/Telescope).[8]

## Characteristics

The Fourcade-Figueroa Object seems to be a stellar remnant caused by a progenitor [spiral galaxy](/source/Spiral_galaxy) undergoing a galaxy shredding process with Centaurus A. As a result, a dwarf [elliptical galaxy](/source/Elliptical_galaxy), [NGC 5237](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NGC_5237&action=edit&redlink=1), is created from its core while the rest of the galaxy's material became the object, it is known today.[9] The Fourcade-Figueroa Object is found to be large with knots of resolved [stars](/source/Star) extending along the [major axis](/source/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes) by a distance of 15 arc minutes. According to Holmberg, the Fourcade-Figueroa Object has a [dimensions](/source/Dimension) of 17 x 2 arcmin.[7] It has an [inclination angle](/source/Orbital_inclination) between 86 and 90 [degrees](/source/Degrees_of_freedom_(statistics)) and is surrounded by a cloud of neutral [hydrogen](/source/Hydrogen), that is dissolving its mass by 5%.[6]

The Fourcade-Figueroa Object is classified as a proto-typical superthin galaxy. When observed at both optical and HI [wavelengths](/source/Wavelength), the object is disrupted when seen towards the northwest side. It is also known to have its thickness of [gas](/source/Gas) showing a steep gas flare in agreement with the [stellar disk](/source/Galactic_disc) edge. Based on the Navarro-Frenk-White dark matter distribution and a pseudo-isothermal halo models, the Fourcade-Figueroa Object contains a compact core of [dark matter](/source/Dark_matter). This indicates the reason why the galaxy has a superthin stellar disk structure.[1]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_1-1) Saponara, J.; Kamphuis, P.; Koribalski, B. S.; Benaglia, P. (2021-08-01). ["Fourcade-Figueroa galaxy: A clearly disrupted superthin edge-on galaxy"](https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2021/08/aa40797-21/aa40797-21.html). *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **652**: A108. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2106.05133](https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.05133). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202140797](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202140797). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6361](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Your NED Search Results"](https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=58796&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1). *ned.ipac.caltech.edu*. Retrieved 2024-09-23.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_3-2) Graham, J. A. (1978-06-01). ["The Fourcade-Figueroa galaxy near NGC 5128"](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978PASP...90..237G/abstract). *Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific*. **90**: 237–240. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1978PASP...90..237G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978PASP...90..237G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/130317](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F130317). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6280](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6280).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Centaurus A, Fourcade-Figueroa Shred, NGC 5237 – Sand and Stars"](https://sandandstars.co.za/centaurus-a-and-the-fourcade-figueroa-shred/). Retrieved 2024-09-23.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Minniti Morgan, Edgardo Ronald. ["Carlos Raúl Fourcade"](https://historiadelaastronomia.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/fourcade.pdf) (PDF).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_6-1) Colomb, F.R.; Loiseau, N.; Testori, J.C. (1984). ["Neutral Hydrogen in the Fourcade-Figueroa Galaxy"](https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1984ApL....24..139C&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf) (PDF). *Astrophysical Letters*. **24**: 139–147. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1984ApL....24..139C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ApL....24..139C).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_7-1) Graham, J.A. (1978-06-01). ["The Fourcade-Figueroa galaxy near NGC 5128"](https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1978PASP...90..237G/0000237.000.html). *Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific*. **90** (535): 237–240. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1978PASP...90..237G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978PASP...90..237G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/130317](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F130317).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Dalrymple, Les (2013-05-01). ["Exploring the M83 Galaxy Group"](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013S&T...125e..38D/abstract). *Sky and Telescope*. **125** (5): 38. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2013S&T...125e..38D](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013S&T...125e..38D). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0037-6604](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-6604).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Thomson, R. C. (1992-08-15). ["Galaxy shredding - I. Centaurus A, NGC 5237, and the Fourcade-Figueroa shred"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F257.4.689). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **257** (4): 689–698. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/257.4.689](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F257.4.689). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

v t e Constellation of Centaurus List of stars in Centaurus Centaurus in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α A (Rigil Kentaurus) B (Toliman) C (Proxima Centauri) β (Hadar) γ δ ε ζ (Leepwal) η θ (Menkent) ι (Kulou) κ λ μ ν (Heng) ξ1 ξ2 ο1 ο2 π ρ σ τ υ1 υ2 φ χ ψ x1 x2 C3 D E F G H J K M N Q Flamsteed 1 (i) 2 (g) 3 (k) 4 (h) Variable R T V Y RR SV SX BV DY UY V346 V553 V744 V752 V761 (a) V763 (C1) V766 V779 (Krzemiński's star) V803 V810 V816 (Przybylski's Star) V831 V842 V885 V886 V863 V1032 V1369 V1400 V1935 HR 4460 (A) 4466 (C2) 4499 4522 4523 4537 (j) 4546 (B) 4721 4748 (u) 4796 4817 (l) 4831 (w) 4874 (p) 4888 (e) 4889 (n) 4940 (f) 4979 4989 5006 (r) 5041 (m) 5089 (d) 5174 (z) 5222 (y) 5224 5241 5297 5358 (v) 5371 5471 (b) 5485 (c1) 5489 (c2) HD 97413 98176 100453 101581 101930 102117 (Uklun) 103197 107914 108236 109749 110113 113538 113766 114386 114729 115600 116434 (Matza) 117207 117618 (Dofida) 117939 120411 121228 121504 124448 (Popper's Star) 125072 125595 131399 Other 2MASS J1126−5003 2M1207 Gaia BH2 HD 131399 Ab PSR B1259−63 PSR J1311−3430 TOI-763 WASP-15 (Nyamien) WASP-41 WASP-42 WASP-167/KELT-13 Exoplanets 2M1207b b Centauri b HD 101930 b HD 102117 b (Leklsullun) HD 103197 b HD 109749 b HD 113538 b c HD 114386 b HD 114729 b HD 117207 b HD 117618 b (Noifasui) HD 121504 b HIP 65426 b (Najsakopajk) HIP 67522 b NGTS-13b Proxima Centauri b c d WASP-15b (Asye) Star clusters NGC 3766 4230 4507 5281 5286 5316 5460 5617 5662 Other IC 2944 ω Centauri Scorpius–Centaurus association Stock 16 Nebulae NGC 3918 5307 Other Boomerang Nebula Fleming 1 G292.0+1.8 G306.3-0.9 Gum 41 IC 2944 IRAS 13208−6020 RCW 79 RCW 86 Southern Crab Nebula SuWt 2 Galaxies NGC 3557 3568 3749 3783 4444 4603 4622 4650A 4683 4696 4706 4709 4729 4730 4743 4744 4909 4930 4945 4976 5011 A 5026 5064 5082 5090 5091 5102 5114 5121 5128 (Centaurus A) 5161 5206 5253 5266 5291 5398 5408 5419 5483 5516 Other ESO 269-57 ESO 325-4 ESO 383-76 ESO 444-46 Fourcade-Figueroa Object IC 3370 IC 4214 IC 4329A IRAS 13224−3809 J1144−4308 LEDA 677373 PKS 1144−379 PKS 1353−341 PKS 1424−418 Galaxy clusters Abell S740 Centaurus Cluster Shapley Supercluster Astronomical events GW190521 SN 185 SN 1895B (Z) SN 1972E SN 1986G J1407b SN 2019so Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Fourcade-Figueroa Object](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourcade-Figueroa_Object) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourcade-Figueroa_Object?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.