# Forces of Freedom and Change

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Sudanese electoral alliance

Forces of Freedom and Change قوى إعلان الحرية والتغيير Abbreviation FFC Leader Central Council Founded 1 January 2019 (2019-01-01) Ideology Anti-authoritarianism Democratisation Women's rights Political position Big tent Members SRF SPA NCF SRC MANSAM MLN Sudan Call Colours Green Maroon Website Facebook page Politics of Sudan Political parties Elections

The **Forces of Freedom and Change** (**FFC**,[1] also *Alliance for Freedom and Change*, or AFC,[2] and *Declaration of Freedom and Change*, or DFC;[3] [Arabic](/source/Arabic_language): قوى إعلان الحرية والتغيير)[4] is a wide political coalition of civilian and rebel coalitions of Sudanese groups, including the [Sudanese Professionals Association](/source/Sudanese_Professionals_Association), [No to Oppression against Women Initiative](/source/No_to_Oppression_against_Women_Initiative), [MANSAM](/source/MANSAM), the [Sudan Revolutionary Front](/source/Sudan_Revolutionary_Front), the [National Consensus Forces](/source/National_Consensus_Forces), Sudan Call, the Unionist Gathering,[5][6] and the [Sudanese resistance committees](/source/Sudanese_resistance_committees),[7] created in January 2019 during the [2018–19 Sudanese protests](/source/2018%E2%80%9319_Sudanese_protests).[6] The FFC drafted a "Declaration of Freedom and Change"[8] and "Freedom and Change Charter" which called for president [Omar al-Bashir](/source/Omar_al-Bashir) to be removed from power, which occurred after several more months of protest in the [April 2019 Sudanese coup d'état](/source/2019_Sudanese_coup_d'%C3%A9tat).[9] The FFC continued coordinating protest actions, and in July 2019, negotiated a power-sharing plan with the [Transitional Military Council](/source/Transitional_Military_Council_(2019)) (TMC) for a [transition to return to democracy](/source/2019_Sudanese_transition_to_democracy).[1][2] The agreement was signed on 17 July 2019.[3]

## Creation and composition

The [2018–19 Sudanese protests](/source/2018%E2%80%9319_Sudanese_protests) had already lasted several weeks when a wide array of civilian and rebel coalitions of Sudanese groups, including the [Sudanese Professionals Association](/source/Sudanese_Professionals_Association), [No to Oppression against Women Initiative](/source/No_to_Oppression_against_Women_Initiative), [MANSAM](/source/MANSAM), the [Sudan Revolutionary Front](/source/Sudan_Revolutionary_Front), the [National Consensus Forces](/source/National_Consensus_Forces), Sudan Call, the Unionist Gathering,[5][6] and the [Sudanese resistance committees](/source/Sudanese_resistance_committees),[7] drafted and signed a "Declaration of Freedom and Change"[8] and "Freedom and Change Charter" in which they called for president [Omar al-Bashir](/source/Omar_al-Bashir) to be removed from power.[6] The alliance of groups supporting the charter came to be known by several similar names, including the "Forces of Freedom and Change" alliance (FFC or AFC). The 1 January 2019 declaration was signed by 22 organisations in total.[5]

In August 2019, [Rosalind Marsden](/source/Rosalind_Marsden) claimed that although Sudanese women and youth had played a major role in the [Sudanese Revolution](/source/Sudanese_Revolution), they had been "largely excluded from FFC decision-making bodies".[10]

### November 2019 formalisation

On 4 November 2019, the FFC announced a new, formal top structure, consisting of a Central Council, a Coordination Council, and an Advisory Council. The Central Council is the "supreme political" body; the Coordination Council has executive powers; and the Advisory Council "will control and give counsel" to the Central Council. The Central Council and Advisory Council include representatives from the biggest signatories to the Declaration of Freedom and Change Charter, while the Advisory Council includes representatives from all the signatories.[11]

**Central Council**

Group Names Since Ref. Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA) Ahmed Rabie Haifa Faroug Husam al-Amin Ammar Yousif Faisal Basher 4 Nov 2019 [12] National Consensus Forces (NCF) Ali al-Raieh Sinhurri Abdul Rahim Abdalla Siddig Yousif Jamal Idriss Kamal Bolad 4 Nov 2019 [12] Sudan Call Salah Manna Mariam al-Sadig Ibrahim al-Sheikh Ahmed Shaker Yousif Mohammad Zain al-Sadig al-Zaeim 4 Nov 2019 [12] Unionist Gathering (3 people) [11] Alliance of Civil Forces (3 people) [11] Centre Stream for Change (1 person) [11] Republican Party (Sudan) (1 person) [11] Sudanese Revolutionary Front (SRF) (undecided as of 4 November 2019[update]) [11]

**Coordination Council**

Group Names Since Ref. SPA (3 people) [11] NCF (3 people) [11] Sudan Call (3 people) [11] Unionist Gathering (2 people) [11] Alliance of Civil Forces (2 people) [11] Centre Stream for Change (1 person) [11] Republican Party (Sudan) (1 person) [11] SRF (undecided as of 4 November 2019[update]) [11]

## Role in 2019 political changes

Throughout the first half of 2019, the FFC supported continuing mass peaceful [civil disobedience](/source/Civil_disobedience) actions, especially mass street protests for several months. In April 2019, military forces rebelled against al-Bashir and arrested him in the [2019 Sudanese coup d'état](/source/2019_Sudanese_coup_d'%C3%A9tat).[9]

The FFC continued coordinating protest actions, prior to the 3 June [Khartoum massacre](/source/Khartoum_massacre) by the [Rapid Support Forces](/source/Rapid_Support_Forces), and after the massacre. In July and August 2019, the FFC negotiated a detailed power-sharing plan with the [Transitional Military Council](/source/Transitional_Military_Council_(2019)) (TMC) for a [Sudanese transition to democracy](/source/2019_Sudanese_transition_to_democracy).[1][2] On 20 August 2019, the TMC transferred power to the [Sovereignty Council](/source/Sovereignty_Council_(Sudan)) of five civilians nominated by the FFC, five military chosen by the TMC, and a civilian, [Raja Nicola](/source/Raja_Nicola), chosen by mutual agreement between the FFC and the TMC.[13]

## Split: Central Council versus Democratic Block

As of April 2023[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forces_of_Freedom_and_Change&action=edit), the FFC had split into the FFC-CC (Central Council) versus the FFC-DB (Democratic Block). In early April 2023, negotiations between FFC-CC and FFC-DB for cooperation were underway.[14]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-AJE_transition_plan_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-AJE_transition_plan_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-AJE_transition_plan_1-2) ["'Our revolution won': Sudan's opposition lauds deal with military"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190705015919/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/07/sudan-military-council-opposition-reach-power-sharing-agreement-190705013332385.html). *[Al Jazeera English](/source/Al_Jazeera_English)*. 5 July 2019. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019.{{[cite news](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news)}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Vox_TMC_FFC_deal_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Vox_TMC_FFC_deal_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Vox_TMC_FFC_deal_2-2) Kirby, Jen (6 July 2019). ["Sudan's military and civilian opposition have reached a power-sharing deal"](https://www.vox.com/2019/7/5/20683001/sudan-power-sharing-agreement-sovereign-council-protests). *[Vox](/source/Vox_(website))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190705235509/https://www.vox.com/2019/7/5/20683001/sudan-power-sharing-agreement-sovereign-council-protests) from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 6 July 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-TMC_FFC_20190717_agreement_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-TMC_FFC_20190717_agreement_3-1) FFC; [TMC](/source/Transitional_Military_Council_(2019)); Idris, Insaf (17 July 2019). ["Political Agreement on establishing the structures and institutions of the transitional period between the Transitional Military Council and the Declaration of Freedom and Change Forces"](https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5d306eb7c2ab1.pdf) (PDF). *[Radio Dabanga](/source/Radio_Dabanga)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190718222047/https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5d306eb7c2ab1.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BBC_Arabic_FFC_4-0)** ["مظاهرات السودان: ما هو تحالف إعلان الحرية والتغيير وما هي مطالبه؟"](https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-48055973) [Sudan protests: what is the Declaration of Freedom and Change Alliance and what does it want?]. *[BBC News](/source/BBC_News)* (in Arabic). 25 April 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191229212147/https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-48055973) from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SPA_Declaration_Freedom_Change_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SPA_Declaration_Freedom_Change_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SPA_Declaration_Freedom_Change_5-2) ["Declaration of Freedom and Chang"](https://web.archive.org/web/20191104230627/https://www.sudaneseprofessionals.org/en/declaration-of-freedom-and-change/). *[SPA](/source/Sudanese_Professionals_Association)*. 1 January 2019. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_created_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_created_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_created_6-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_created_6-3) ["Sudan rebel umbrella calls to develop political charter for post-regime phase"](https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article66986). *[Sudan Tribune](/source/Sudan_Tribune)*. 29 January 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190708232527/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article66986) from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-AJE_neighbourhoods_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-AJE_neighbourhoods_7-1) Abbas, Reem (8 May 2019). ["In Sudan, neighbourhoods mobilised against al-Bashir"](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/sudan-neighbourhoods-mobilised-al-bashir-190506182950504.html). *[Al Jazeera English](/source/Al_Jazeera_English)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190805192616/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/sudan-neighbourhoods-mobilised-al-bashir-190506182950504.html) from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Decl_freedom_change_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Decl_freedom_change_8-1) ["Declaration of freedom and change"](https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5cf94b02b2055.pdf) (PDF). *[Radio Dabanga](/source/Radio_Dabanga)*. 1 January 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190716004035/https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5cf94b02b2055.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-AJE_alBurhan_TMC_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-AJE_alBurhan_TMC_9-1) ["Sudan's Ibn Auf steps down as head of military council"](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/sudan-military-council-ruler-ibn-auf-steps-190412194737727.html). *[Al Jazeera](/source/Al_Jazeera_English)*. Retrieved 15 April 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Marsden_FFC_women_youth_10-0)** Marsden, Rosalind (13 August 2019). ["Can Sudan achieve peace and democratic transition?"](https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article67926). *[Sudan Tribune](/source/Sudan_Tribune)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190813080702/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article67926) from the original on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-SudTrib_FFC_hierarchy_11-13) ["Sudan's FFC forms enhanced leadership structures"](https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68446). *[Sudan Tribune](/source/Sudan_Tribune)*. 5 November 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191105211715/https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68446) from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SUNA_FFC_some_members_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SUNA_FFC_some_members_12-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SUNA_FFC_some_members_12-2) ["FFC picks Central Council's members"](https://sudandaily.org/en/2019/11/04/ffc-picks-central-councils-members/). *[Sudan Daily](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sudan_Daily&action=edit&redlink=1)*. [SUNA](/source/Sudan_News_Agency). 4 November 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191105222314/https://sudandaily.org/en/2019/11/04/ffc-picks-central-councils-members/) from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Dabanga_SCouncil_appointed_13-0)** ["Sudan's Sovereign Council appointed"](https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-s-sovereign-council-appointed). *[Radio Dabanga](/source/Radio_Dabanga)*. 21 August 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190821180608/https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-s-sovereign-council-appointed) from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Dabanga_breakthrough_on_security_14-0)** ["Breakthrough on security reform, rebels demand more power, revolutionary forces call for unity"](https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-breakthrough-on-security-reform-rebels-demand-more-power-revolutionary-forces-call-for-unity). *[Radio Dabanga](/source/Radio_Dabanga)*. 6 April 2023. [Wikidata](/source/WDQ_(identifier)) [Q117787817](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117787817).{{[cite journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

v t e Sudanese revolution Background Omar al-Bashir RCCNS-Sudan War in Darfur War in South Kordofan and Blue Nile Organisations Government Transitional Military Council Rapid Support Forces Opposition (until August/September 2019) Forces of Freedom and Change Sudanese Women's Union No to Oppression against Women Initiative MANSAM Sudanese Professionals Association Sudanese resistance committees Angry Without Borders Darfur Bar Association National Consensus Forces Sudan Revolutionary Front Events 19 December 2018 to September 2019 civil disobedience 8 April Alaa Salah photo 11 April 2019 coup d'état 3 June 2019 Khartoum massacre #BlueforSudan July, August 2019 Political Agreement and Draft Constitutional Declaration 2019–2022 Sudanese protests Killing of Sitna September 2021 coup d'état attempt October 2021 coup d'état 2023 Civil war Next Sudanese general election Institutional transition Sovereignty Council of Sudan military: al-Burhan Hemedti (3 others) civilian: Aish Musa Raja Nicola (4 others) Chief Justice Nemat Abdullah Khair Transitional Cabinet Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok Ministers: Asma Abdalla al-Boushi Soughayroun Lena el-Sheikh Faisal Saleh (13 others) Khartoum massacre investigation Nabil Adib Transitional Legislative Council Peace process Sudanese peace process Darfur war crimes court Major publications Soudan 2019, année zéro Sudanese Revolution

v t e Political parties in Sudan Current Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Organization of Sudan Region of Sudan Beja Congress Binaa Sudan Party Democratic Unionist Party Islamic Socialist Party Liberal Democrats Liberal Party of Sudan National Umma Party Popular Congress Party Sudan Change Now Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North Sudanese Ba'ath Party Sudanese Communist Party Sudanese Congress Party Sudanese National Alliance Defunct Anti-Imperialist Front Black Bloc Liberal Party National Congress Party National Islamic Front Nuba Mountains Union People's Democratic Party Republican Brotherhood Socialist Republican Party Sudan Liberal Party Sudan Federal Democratic Alliance Sudanese Communist Party – Revolutionary Leadership Sudanese Nile Party Sudanese People's Socialist Front Sudanese Socialist Union Workers' Forces Coalitions Graduates' General Congress Forces of Freedom and Change National Consensus Forces National Democratic Alliance National Redemption Front Sudan Founding Alliance Sudan Revolutionary Front Portal:Politics List of political parties Politics of Sudan

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Forces of Freedom and Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_of_Freedom_and_Change) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_of_Freedom_and_Change?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.