# Flying syringe

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***Flying syringe*** is a phrase that is used to refer to proposed, but not yet created, [genetically modified](/source/Genetically_modified) [mosquitoes](/source/Mosquitoes) that inject [vaccines](/source/Vaccines) into [people](/source/Human) when they bite them.[1]

## History

In the 1990s, Bob Sinden of Imperial College, London, and [Julian Crampton](/source/Julian_Crampton) of the University of Liverpool, developed this idea and filled three related patents between 1997 and 2003.[2]

In 2008, the [Gates Foundation](/source/Gates_Foundation) awarded $100,000 to Hiroyuki Matsuoka of [Jichi Medical University](/source/Jichi_Medical_University) in [Japan](/source/Japan) to do research on them, with a condition that any discoveries that were funded by the grant must be made available at affordable prices in the [developing world](/source/Developing_world). If Matsuoka proves that his idea has merit, he will be eligible for an additional $1 million of funding. *[The Washington Post](/source/The_Washington_Post)* referred to flying syringes as a "bold idea".[3] In 2010, Japanese researcher Shigeto Yoshida modified mosquito saliva to deliver leishmania vaccines to mice, noting that vaccination by insect could be painless and cost-effective.[4] Concerns have been raised about this approach, especially in regards to informed consent and medical safety.[4]

## References

1. [Rocket Scientists Shoot Down Mosquitoes With Lasers](https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123680870885500701), Wall St. Journal, March 14, 2009

1. ["'Breakthrough' of the week: Flying syringes"](https://www.malariaworld.org/blogs/breakthrough-week-flying-syringes). *www.malariaworld.org*. 19 March 2010. Retrieved 2022-09-30.

1. [Flying Syringes and Other Bold Ideas](https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/22/AR2008102203083.html), *The Washington Post*, October 23, 2008

1. Yamamoto, D. S.; Nagumo, H.; Yoshida, S. (2010). ["Flying vaccinator; a transgenic mosquito delivers a Leishmania vaccine via blood feeding"](https://resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01000.x). *Insect Molecular Biology*. **19** (3): 391–398. [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01000.x](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01000.x). [ISSN 1365-2583](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1365-2583)

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