# Flustrina

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Flustrina.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flustrina
> Source revision: 1354737485
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{{Short description|Suborder of moss animals}}
{{About|the suborder described by Smitt, 1868|the genus level taxon described by van Beneden, 1849|Carbasea}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Early Cretaceous|Recent}}
| image = Flustra foliacea.jpg
| image_caption = Colony of ''[Flustra foliacea](/source/Flustra_foliacea)'' ([Flustridae](/source/Flustridae))
| taxon = Flustrina
| authority = [Smitt](/source/Fredrik_Adam_Smitt), 1868
| subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies
| synonyms =
* Anasca
* Ascophora
* Ascophorina
* Neocheilostomatina
}}

'''Flustrina''' is a [suborder](/source/suborder) under the [order](/source/order_(biology)) [Cheilostomatida](/source/Cheilostomatida) of [gymnolaemata](/source/gymnolaemata)n [Bryozoa](/source/Bryozoa) (sea mats). 

== Description ==
The structure of the individual [zooid](/source/zooid)s is generally simple, a box-like chamber of [calcium carbonate](/source/calcium_carbonate), the [polypide](/source/polypide)s reaching out through an uncalcified flexible frontal wall, often surrounded by numerous spines. Like in other gymnolaematans, their [lophophore](/source/lophophore) is protruded by muscles that pull on the frontal wall of the zooid.

==Taxonomy and systematics==
In some treatments, the Flustrina are restricted to the [superfamilies](/source/Superfamily_(zoology)) [Calloporoidea](/source/Calloporoidea) and [Flustroidea](/source/Flustroidea) and ranked as [infraorder](/source/infraorder) alongside the '''Cellulariomorpha''' which contain three other superfamilies.<ref>BryoZone (2004): [http://www.bryozone.com/taxahierarchy.php Taxa Hierarchy]</ref>

The obsolete suborder [Anasca](/source/Anasca) previously included the members of this suborder before being deprecated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Anasca |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153670 |access-date=2017-03-10 |website=www.marinespecies.org}}</ref>

The following [superfamilies](/source/superfamily_(zoology)), and [families](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) are recognised in the suborder Flustrina:<ref>{{Cite web |title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Flustrina incertae sedis |url=https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1371748 |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=www.marinespecies.org}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}} 
* Superfamily [Adeonoidea](/source/Adeonoidea) <small>Busk, 1884</small>
** [Adeonidae](/source/Adeonidae) <small>Busk, 1884</small>
** †[Diedroporidae](/source/Diedroporidae) <small>Gordon & Taylor, 2015</small>
** [Inversiulidae](/source/Inversiulidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>

* Superfamily [Arachnopusioidea](/source/Arachnopusioidea) <small>Jullien, 1888</small>
** [Arachnopusiidae](/source/Arachnopusiidae) <small>Jullien, 1888</small>
** [Exechonellidae](/source/Exechonellidae) <small>Harmer, 1957</small>

* Superfamily [Bifaxarioidea](/source/Bifaxarioidea) <small>Busk, 1884</small>
** [Bifaxariidae](/source/Bifaxariidae) <small>Busk, 1884</small>
** [Mixtopeltidae](/source/Mixtopeltidae) <small>Gordon, 1994</small>
** †[Inversiulidae](/source/Inversiulidae) <small>Marsson, 1887</small>

* Superfamily [Buguloidea](/source/Buguloidea) <small>Gray, 1848</small>
** [Beaniidae](/source/Beaniidae) <small>Canu & Bassler, 1927</small>
** [Bugulidae](/source/Bugulidae) <small>Gray, 1848</small>
** [Candidae](/source/Candidae) <small>d'Orbigny, 1851</small>
** [Epistomiidae](/source/Epistomiidae) <small>Gregory, 1893</small>
** [Euoplozoidae](/source/Euoplozoidae) <small>Harmer, 1926</small>
** [Jubellidae](/source/Jubellidae) <small>Reverter-Gil & Fernández-Pulpeiro, 2001</small>
** [Rhabdozoidae](/source/Rhabdozoidae) <small>MacGillivray, 1887</small> 

* Superfamily [Calloporoidea](/source/Calloporoidea) <small>Norman, 1903</small>
** [Antroporidae](/source/Antroporidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** [Bryopastoridae](/source/Bryopastoridae) <small>d'Hondt & Gordon, 1999</small>
** [Calloporidae](/source/Calloporidae) <small>Norman, 1903</small>
** [Chaperiidae](/source/Chaperiidae) <small>Jullien, 1888</small>
** [Cupuladriidae](/source/Cupuladriidae) <small>Lagaaij, 1952</small>
** [Cymuloporidae](/source/Cymuloporidae) <small>Winston & Vieira, 2013</small>
** [Doryporellidae](/source/Doryporellidae) <small>Grischenko, Taylor & Mawatari, 2004</small>
** [Ellisinidae](/source/Ellisinidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** [Farciminariidae](/source/Farciminariidae) <small>Busk, 1852</small>
** [Foveolariidae](/source/Foveolariidae) <small>Gordon & Winston, 2005</small>
** [Heliodomidae](/source/Heliodomidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** [Hiantoporidae](/source/Hiantoporidae) <small>Gregory, 1893</small>
** [Mourellinidae](/source/Mourellinidae) <small>Reverter-Gil, Souto & Fernández-Pulpeiro, 2011</small>
** [Pyrisinellidae](/source/Pyrisinellidae) <small>di Martino & Taylor, 2012</small>
** [Quadricellariidae](/source/Quadricellariidae) <small>Gordon, 1984</small>
** [Vinculariidae](/source/Vinculariidae) <small>Busk, 1852</small>

* Superfamily [Catenicelloidea](/source/Catenicelloidea) <small>Busk, 1852</small>
** [Catenicellidae](/source/Catenicellidae) <small>Busk, 1852</small>
** †[Concatenellidae](/source/Concatenellidae) <small>Bock & Cook, 1996</small>
** [Eurystomellidae](/source/Eurystomellidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** [Petalostegidae](/source/Petalostegidae) <small>Gordon, 1984</small>
** [Savignyellidae](/source/Savignyellidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>

* Superfamily [Cellarioidea](/source/Cellarioidea) <small>Fleming, 1828</small>
** [Cellariidae](/source/Cellariidae) <small>Fleming, 1828</small>
** [Membranicellariidae](/source/Membranicellariidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>

* Superfamily [Celleporoidea](/source/Celleporoidea) <small>Johnston, 1838</small>
** [Celleporidae](/source/Celleporidae) <small>Johnston, 1838</small>
** [Colatooeciidae](/source/Colatooeciidae) <small>Winston, 2005</small>
** [Hippoporidridae](/source/Hippoporidridae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** [Phidoloporidae](/source/Phidoloporidae) <small>Gabb & Horn, 1862 </small>

* Superfamily Chlidoniopsoidea <small>Harmer, 1957</small>
** [Chlidoniopsidae](/source/Chlidoniopsidae) <small>Harmer, 1957</small>

* Superfamily [Conescharellinoidea](/source/Conescharellinoidea) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** [Batoporidae](/source/Batoporidae) <small>Neviani, 1901</small>
** [Conescharellinidae](/source/Conescharellinidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** †[Cuvillieridae](/source/Cuvillieridae) <small>Annoscia, 1965</small>
** [Lekythoporidae](/source/Lekythoporidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** [Orbituliporidae](/source/Orbituliporidae) <small>Canu & Bassler, 1923</small>

* Superfamily [Cribrilinoidea](/source/Cribrilinoidea) <small>Hincks, 1879</small>
** [Cribrilinidae](/source/Cribrilinidae) <small>Hincks, 1879</small>
** [Euthyroididae](/source/Euthyroididae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** [Inversiscaphidae](/source/Inversiscaphidae) <small>Winston & Jackson, 2021</small>
** †[Lekythoglenidae](/source/Lekythoglenidae) <small>Marsson, 1887</small> 
** [Polliciporidae](/source/Polliciporidae) <small>Moyano, 2000</small>
** [Vitrimurellidae](/source/Vitrimurellidae) <small>Winston, Vieira & Woollacott, 2014</small> 

* Superfamily Didymoselloidea <small>Brown, 1952</small>
** [Didymosellidae](/source/Didymosellidae) <small>Brown, 1952</small>

* Superfamily [Euthyriselloidea](/source/Euthyriselloidea) <small>Bassler, 1953</small>
** [Clathrolunulidae](/source/Clathrolunulidae) <small>Gordon & Sanner, 2020</small>
** [Euthyrisellidae](/source/Euthyrisellidae) <small>Bassler, 1953</small>
** [Neoeuthyroididae](/source/Neoeuthyroididae) <small>Gordon & Sanner, 2020</small> 

* Superfamily Flustroidea <small>Fleming, 1828</small>
** [Flustridae](/source/Flustridae) <small>Fleming, 1828</small>

* Superfamily [Hippothooidea](/source/Hippothooidea) <small>Busk, 1859</small>
** [Chorizoporidae](/source/Chorizoporidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** †[Dysnoetoporidae](/source/Dysnoetoporidae) <small>Voigt, 1971</small>
** [Haplopomidae](/source/Haplopomidae) <small>Gordon in De Blauwe, 2009</small>
** [Hippothoidae](/source/Hippothoidae) <small>Busk, 1859</small>
** [Pasytheidae](/source/Pasytheidae) <small>Davis, 1934</small>
** [Trypostegidae](/source/Trypostegidae) <small>Gordon, Tilbrook & Winston, 2005</small> 

* Superfamily [Lepralielloidea](/source/Lepralielloidea) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** [Atlantisinidae](/source/Atlantisinidae) <small>Berning, Harmelin & Bader, 2017</small>
** [Bryocryptellidae](/source/Bryocryptellidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** †[Cheilhorneropsidae](/source/Cheilhorneropsidae) <small>Annoscia, Braga & Finotti, 1984</small>
** [Dhondtiscidae](/source/Dhondtiscidae) <small>Gordon, 1989</small>
** [Escharellidae](/source/Escharellidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** [Exochellidae](/source/Exochellidae) <small>Bassler, 1935</small>
** [Gemelliporellidae](/source/Gemelliporellidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** [Hincksiporidae](/source/Hincksiporidae) <small>Powell, 1968</small>
** [Jaculinidae](/source/Jaculinidae) <small>Zabala, 1986</small>
** [Metrarabdotosidae](/source/Metrarabdotosidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** [Romancheinidae](/source/Romancheinidae) <small>Jullien, 1888</small>
** [Sclerodomidae](/source/Sclerodomidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** †[Sfeniellidae](/source/Sfeniellidae) <small>Gordon, 2006</small>
** [Tessaradomidae](/source/Tessaradomidae) <small>Jullien, 1903</small>

* Superfamily [Lunulitoidea](/source/Lunulitoidea) <small>Lagaaij, 1952</small>
** [Lunulariidae](/source/Lunulariidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** †[Lunulitidae](/source/Lunulitidae) <small>Lagaaij, 1952</small> 
** [Otionellidae](/source/Otionellidae) <small>Bock & Cook, 1998</small>
** [Selenariidae](/source/Selenariidae) <small>Busk, 1854</small> 

* Superfamily [Mamilloporoidea](/source/Mamilloporoidea) <small>Canu & Bassler, 1927</small>
** [Ascosiidae](/source/Ascosiidae) <small>Jullien, 1882</small>
** [Cleidochasmatidae](/source/Cleidochasmatidae) <small>Cheetham & Sandberg, 1964</small>
** [Crepidacanthidae](/source/Crepidacanthidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** †[Schizorthosecidae](/source/Schizorthosecidae) <small>Gordon & Sanner, 2020</small>  

* Superfamily [Microporoidea](/source/Microporoidea) <small>Gray, 1848</small>
** [Alysidiidae](/source/Alysidiidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** [Aspidostomatidae](/source/Aspidostomatidae) <small>Jullien, 1888</small>
** [Calescharidae](/source/Calescharidae) <small>Cook & Bock, 2001</small>
** †[Cardabiellidae](/source/Cardabiellidae) <small>Håkansson, Gordon & Taylor, 2024</small> 
** [Chlidoniidae](/source/Chlidoniidae) <small>Busk, 1884</small>
** [Granomuridae](/source/Granomuridae) <small>Gordon, 2021</small>
** [Microporidae](/source/Microporidae) <small>Gray, 1848</small>
** [Onychocellidae](/source/Onychocellidae) <small>Jullien, 1882</small>
** [Poricellariidae](/source/Poricellariidae) <small>Harmer, 1926</small>
** [Setosellidae](/source/Setosellidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>

* Superfamily [Monoporelloidea](/source/Monoporelloidea) <small>Hincks, 1882</small>
** [Macroporidae](/source/Macroporidae) <small>Uttley, 1949</small>
** [Monoporellidae](/source/Monoporellidae) <small>Hincks, 1882</small> 

* Superfamily [Pseudolepralioidea](/source/Pseudolepralioidea) <small>Silén, 1942</small>
** †[Brydonellidae](/source/Brydonellidae) <small>Taylor, Casadío & Gordon, 2008</small>
** [Pseudolepraliidae](/source/Pseudolepraliidae) <small>Silén, 1942</small>

* Superfamily [Schizoporelloidea](/source/Schizoporelloidea) <small>Jullien, 1883</small>
** [Acoraniidae](/source/Acoraniidae) <small>López-Fé, 2006</small>
** [Actisecidae](/source/Actisecidae) <small>Harmer, 1957</small>
** †[Bryobaculidae](/source/Bryobaculidae) <small>Rosso, 2002</small>
** [Buffonellidae](/source/Buffonellidae) <small>Jullien, 1888</small>
** [Calwelliidae](/source/Calwelliidae) <small>MacGillivray, 1887</small>
** [Cheiloporinidae](/source/Cheiloporinidae) <small>Bassler, 1936</small>
** [Cryptosulidae](/source/Cryptosulidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** [Cyclicoporidae](/source/Cyclicoporidae) <small>Hincks, 1884</small>
** †[Duvergieriidae](/source/Duvergieriidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** [Echinovadomidae](/source/Echinovadomidae) <small>Tilbrook, 2001</small>
** [Eminooeciidae](/source/Eminooeciidae) <small>Hayward & Thorpe, 1988</small>
** [Escharinidae](/source/Escharinidae) <small>Tilbrook, 2006</small>
** [Fatkullinidae](/source/Fatkullinidae) <small>Grischenko, Gordon & Morozov, 2018</small>
** [Fenestrulinidae](/source/Fenestrulinidae) <small>Jullien, 1888</small>
** [Gigantoporidae](/source/Gigantoporidae) <small>Bassler, 1935</small>
** [Hippaliosinidae](/source/Hippaliosinidae) <small>Winston, 2005</small>
** [Hippopodinidae](/source/Hippopodinidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** [Lacernidae](/source/Lacernidae) <small>Jullien, 1888</small>
** [Marcusadoreidae](/source/Marcusadoreidae) <small>Winston, Vieira & Woollacott, 2014</small>
** [Margarettidae](/source/Margarettidae) <small>Harmer, 1957</small>
** [Mawatariidae](/source/Mawatariidae) <small>Gordon, 1990</small>
** [Microporellidae](/source/Microporellidae) <small>Hincks, 1879</small>
** [Myriaporidae](/source/Myriaporidae) <small>Gray, 1841</small>
** [Pacificincolidae](/source/Pacificincolidae) <small>Liu & Liu, 1999</small>
** [Petraliidae](/source/Petraliidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** [Phoceanidae](/source/Phoceanidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small>
** [Phorioppniidae](/source/Phorioppniidae) <small>Gordon & d'Hondt, 1997</small>
** [Porinidae](/source/Porinidae) <small>d'Orbigny, 1852</small>
** [Robertsonidridae](/source/Robertsonidridae) <small>Rosso, 2010</small>
** [Schizoporellidae](/source/Schizoporellidae) <small>Jullien, 1882</small>
** [Stomachetosellidae](/source/Stomachetosellidae) <small>Canu & Bassler, 1917</small>
** [Tetraplariidae](/source/Tetraplariidae) <small>Harmer, 1957</small>
** [Teuchoporidae](/source/Teuchoporidae) <small>Neviani, 1895</small>
** [Vicidae](/source/Vicidae) <small>Gordon, 1988</small> 

* Superfamily †[Scorioporoidea](/source/Scorioporoidea) <small>Gordon, 2002</small>
** †[Nephroporidae](/source/Nephroporidae) <small>Marsson, 1887</small>
** †[Scorioporidae](/source/Scorioporidae) <small>Gordon, 2002</small> 

* Superfamily Siphonicytaroidea <small>Harmer, 1957</small>
** [Siphonicytaridae](/source/Siphonicytaridae) <small>Harmer, 1957</small>

* Superfamily [Smittinoidea](/source/Smittinoidea) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** [Bitectiporidae](/source/Bitectiporidae) <small>MacGillivray, 1895</small>
** [Lanceoporidae](/source/Lanceoporidae) <small>Harmer, 1957</small>
** [Powellithecidae](/source/Powellithecidae) <small>Di Martino, Taylor, Gordon & Liow, 2016</small>
** [Smittinidae](/source/Smittinidae) <small>Levinsen, 1909</small>
** [Watersiporidae](/source/Watersiporidae) <small>Vigneaux, 1949</small> 
** [Smittinoidea incertae sedis](/source/Spirocoleopora) 

* Superfamily [Umbonuloidea](/source/Umbonuloidea) <small>Canu, 1904</small>
** [Fulgurellidae](/source/Fulgurellidae) <small>Grischenko, Gordon & Melnik, 2024</small>
** [Umbonulidae](/source/Umbonulidae) <small>Canu, 1904</small>

* Superfamily [Urceoliporoidea](/source/Urceoliporoidea) <small>Bassler, 1936</small>
** [Prostomariidae](/source/Prostomariidae) <small>MacGillivray, 1895</small>
** [Urceoliporidae](/source/Urceoliporidae) <small>Bassler, 1936</small> 

* Flustrina ''incertae sedis''
** [Bicorniferidae](/source/Bicorniferidae) <small>Keij, 1977</small>
** [Borioplebidae](/source/Borioplebidae) <small>Gordon, 2021</small>
** †[Coscinopleuridae](/source/Coscinopleuridae) <small>Canu, 1913</small>
** †[Fusicellariidae](/source/Fusicellariidae) <small>Canu, 1900</small>
** †[Skyloniidae](/source/Skyloniidae) <small>Sandberg, 1963</small>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5462931}}

Category:Protostome suborders
Category:Cheilostomatida
Category:Long stubs with short prose

{{bryozoan-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Flustrina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flustrina) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flustrina?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.