# Flash pasteurization

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{{Short description|Pasteurization process for liquids}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
'''Flash pasteurization''', also called "'''high-temperature short-time'''" ('''HTST''') processing, is a method of heat [pasteurization](/source/pasteurization) of perishable beverages like [fruit and vegetable juices](/source/juice), [beer](/source/beer), [wine](/source/wine), and some [dairy products](/source/dairy_products) such as milk. Compared with other pasteurization processes, it maintains color and flavor better, but some cheeses were found to have varying responses to the process.<ref name="Phillips Effect of Flash Pasteurization">{{cite journal |last1=Phillips |first1=C.A. |title=The Effect of Flash Pasteurization of Milk upon the Flavor and Texture of Cheddar Cheese |journal=Journal of Dairy Science |date=July 1928 |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=292–298 |doi=10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(28)93640-1 |url={{GBurl|zMstAQAAIAAJ|p=292}} |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Flash pasteurization is performed to kill spoilage [microorganism](/source/microorganism)s prior to filling containers, in order to make the products safer and to extend their [shelf life](/source/shelf_life) compared to the unpasteurised foodstuff. For example, one manufacturer of flash pasteurizing machinery gives shelf life as "in excess of 12 months".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iddeas.com/documents/FlyerFPvsTP_000.pdf |title=IDD Process & Packaging: Flash and Ultra Flash Pasteurization Facts |access-date=14 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924215932/http://www.iddeas.com/documents/FlyerFPvsTP_000.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It must be used in conjunction with sterile fill technology (similar to [aseptic processing](/source/aseptic_processing)) to prevent post-pasteurization contamination.<ref name=Browne2001>{{citation|author1=Browne, Jeremy |author2=Candy, Eric |year=2001|title=Excellence in packaging of beverages|pages=178|isbn=0-9541123-0-X|publisher=Binsted Group|location=Hook, Hampshire, U.K.|oclc=49233551}}</ref>

The liquid moves in a controlled, continuous flow while subjected to temperatures of 71.5&nbsp;°C (160&nbsp;°F) to 74&nbsp;°C (165&nbsp;°F), for about 15 to 30 seconds, followed by rapid cooling to between 4&nbsp;°C (39.2&nbsp;°F) and 5.5&nbsp;°C (42&nbsp;°F).

The standard US protocol for flash pasteurization of milk, 71.7&nbsp;°C (161&nbsp;°F) for 15 seconds in order to kill ''[Coxiella burnetii](/source/Coxiella_burnetii)'' (the most heat-resistant [pathogen](/source/pathogen) found in [raw milk](/source/raw_milk)), was introduced in 1933, and results in 5-[log reduction](/source/log_reduction) (99.999%) or greater reduction in harmful bacteria.<ref name=stabel>{{cite journal |last1=Stabel |first1=J.R. |last2=Lambertz |first2=A. |title=Efficacy of Pasteurization Conditions for the Inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Milk |journal=Journal of Food Protection |date=December 2004 |volume=67 |issue=12 |pages=2719–2726 |doi=10.4315/0362-028x-67.12.2719 |pmid=15633677 }}</ref> An early adopter of pasteurization was [Tropicana Products](/source/Tropicana_Products), which has used the method since the 1950s.<ref name="Phillips Effect of Flash Pasteurization"/> The juice company [Odwalla](/source/Odwalla) switched from non-pasteurized to flash-pasteurized juices in 1996 after tainted apple juice containing [''E. coli'' O157:H7](/source/E._coli_O157%3AH7) [sickened many children and killed one](/source/1996_Odwalla_E._coli_outbreak).<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9507EFD91438F937A35752C1A960958260&sec=health&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink Questions of Pasteurization Raised After E. Coli Is Traced to Juice], ''The New York Times'', 4 November 1996</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== See also ==
* [Ultra-high-temperature processing](/source/Ultra-high-temperature_processing)
==External links==
*[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1886/01/01/103092537.pdf The Pasteurization of Beer] – ''[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Flash Pasteurization}}
Category:Dairy industry
Category:Food preservation

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Flash pasteurization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_pasteurization) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_pasteurization?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.