# Firmiana

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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Firmiana simplex3.jpg
|image_caption = ''[Firmiana simplex](/source/Firmiana_simplex)''
|taxon = Firmiana
|authority = Marsili, 1786
|synonyms = 
* ''Erythropsis'' {{small|Lindl.}}
* ''Karaka'' {{small|Raf.}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name = POWO>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A38699-1 Plants of the World Online: ''Firmiana'' Marsili (retrieved 3 November 2025)]</ref>
}}

'''''Firmiana'''''<ref>Marsili GM (1786) ''Saggi Sci. Lett. Accad. Padova'' i. 106</ref> is a genus of [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant) in the family [Malvaceae](/source/Malvaceae), native to tropical and temperate south, southeast, and Eastern Asia to New Guinea and the southwest Pacific.<ref name = POWO/>  It was formerly placed in the now defunct family [Sterculiaceae](/source/Sterculiaceae) and may sometimes be called the "parasol tree". The genus name honours [Karl Joseph von Firmian](/source/Karl_Joseph_von_Firmian).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/plant-finder/plant-details/kc/c819/firmiana-simplex.aspx |title=''Firmiana simplex'' |work=Plant Finder |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |accessdate=24 March 2013}}</ref> The defining characteristic of the genus ''Firmiana'' is the development of the fruit. Shortly after [pollination](/source/pollination) the five [carpels](/source/carpels) unfold to be flat and turn green with four developing seeds attached to the edge, fully exposed to the environment.<ref>{{ cite book | last= Corner |first= Prof. E.J.H. | date= 1989 |title= The Life of Plants | location= New York | publisher= New American Library | pages= 213–214}}</ref>

==Species==
''[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)'' accepts 18 species.<ref name = POWO/>
# ''[Firmiana bracteata](/source/Firmiana_bracteata)'' {{Au|DC.}}
# ''[Firmiana calcarea](/source/Firmiana_calcarea)'' {{Au|C.F.Liang & S.L.Mo ex Y.S.Huang}}
# ''[Firmiana colorata](/source/Firmiana_colorata)'' {{Au|(Roxb.) R.Br.}}
# ''[Firmiana danxiaensis](/source/Firmiana_danxiaensis)'' {{Au|H.H.Hsue & H.S.Kiu}}
# ''[Firmiana daweishanensis](/source/Firmiana_daweishanensis)'' {{Au|Gui L.Zhang & J.Y.Xiang}}
# ''[Firmiana diversifolia](/source/Firmiana_diversifolia)'' {{Au|A.Gray}}
# ''[Firmiana fulgens](/source/Firmiana_fulgens)'' {{Au|(Wall. ex Mast.) K.Schum.}}
# ''[Firmiana hainanensis](/source/Firmiana_hainanensis)'' {{Au|Kosterm.}}
# ''[Firmiana kerrii](/source/Firmiana_kerrii)'' {{Au|(Craib) Kosterm.}}
# ''[Firmiana kwangsiensis](/source/Firmiana_kwangsiensis)'' {{Au|H.H.Hsue}}
# ''[Firmiana major](/source/Firmiana_major)'' {{Au|(W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz.}}
# ''[Firmiana malayana](/source/Firmiana_malayana)'' {{Au|Kosterm.}}
# ''[Firmiana minahassae](/source/Firmiana_minahassae)'' {{Au|(Koord.) Kosterm.}}
# ''[Firmiana papuana](/source/Firmiana_papuana)'' {{Au|Mildbr.}}
# ''[Firmiana pulcherrima](/source/Firmiana_pulcherrima)'' {{Au|H.H.Hsue}}
# ''[Firmiana simplex](/source/Firmiana_simplex)'' {{Au|(L.) W.Wight}} — Chinese parasol tree, or wutong<ref name="FoC"/>
# ''[Firmiana subglabra](/source/Firmiana_subglabra)'' {{Au|(V.Abraham & Dutt) Kosterm.}}
# ''[Firmiana sumbawaensis](/source/Firmiana_sumbawaensis)'' {{Au|Kosterm.}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Firmiana malayana2.JPG|''Firmiana colorata''
File:Firmiana malayana3.JPG
File:Firminia malayana.JPG
File:Firmiana malayana - feuillage.JPG
File:Firmiana colorata.jpg|''Firmiana colorata''
File:Firmiana colorata1.jpg
File:Firmiana malayana at Kepong Botanical Garden 20230625 104133.jpg|''Firmiana malayana''
</gallery>

==References==
<references>
<ref name="FoC">{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=112820 |title=''Firmiana'' |author=Ya Tang |author2=Michael G. Gilbert |author3=Laurence J. Dorr |name-list-style=amp |work=Flora of China |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA |accessdate=24 March 2013}}</ref>
</references>

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{cite web|title=Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.|url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/browse/tree/id/17210779|author=Roskov Y.|author2= Kunze T.|author3=Orrell T.|author4=Abucay L.|author5=Paglinawan L.|author6=Culham A.|author7=Bailly N.|author8=Kirk P.|author9=Bourgoin T.|author10=Baillargeon G.|author11=Decock W.|author12=De Wever A.|editor=Didžiulis V.|publisher=Species 2000: Reading, UK.|year= 2014|accessdate=26 May 2014}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q427914}}

Category:Firmiana
Category:Malvaceae genera
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Firmiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmiana) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmiana?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.