# Finance Act

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Fiscal legislation enacted by the UK Parliament

For the similar Act in India, see [Finance Act (India)](/source/Finance_Act_(India)).

[Embossed stamp](/source/Paper_embossing) certifying that a conveyance has been produced in accordance with the Finance Act 1931

A **Finance Act** is the headline fiscal (budgetary) legislation enacted by the [UK Parliament](/source/UK_Parliament), containing multiple provisions as to taxes, duties, exemptions and reliefs at least once per year, and in particular setting out the principal tax rates for each [fiscal year](/source/Fiscal_year).

## Overview

In the [UK](/source/United_Kingdom), the [Chancellor of the Exchequer](/source/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer) delivers a Budget speech on [Budget Day](/source/Budget_Day), outlining changes in spending, as well as [tax](/source/Tax) and [duty](/source/Duty). The changes to tax and duty are passed as law, and each year form the respective **Finance Act**. Additional Finance Acts are also common and are the result of a change in governing party due to a [general election](/source/General_election), a pressing loophole or defect in the law of taxation, or a backtrack with regard to government spending or taxation.

The rules governing the various taxation methods are contained within the relevant taxation acts. Capital Gains Tax legislation, for example, is contained within [Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992](/source/Taxation_of_Chargeable_Gains_Act_1992). The Finance Act details amendments to be made to each one of these Acts. The main taxes are [Excise Duties](/source/Excise_Duties), [Value Added Tax](/source/Value_Added_Tax), [Income Tax](/source/Income_Tax), [Corporation Tax](/source/Corporation_Tax), and [Capital Gains Tax](/source/Capital_Gains_Tax#United_Kingdom).

## Excise

[Excise duties](/source/Excise_duty) are inland duties levied on articles at the time of their manufacture.

- Alcoholic liquor duties - [Alcoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979](/source/Alcoholic_Liquor_Duties_Act_1979)

- [Hydrocarbon Oil Duty](/source/Hydrocarbon_Oil_Duty) - [Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979](/source/Hydrocarbon_Oil_Duties_Act_1979)

- Tobacco products duty - [Tobacco Products Duty Act 1979](/source/Tobacco_Products_Duty_Act_1979)

- Gaming duty - [Finance Act 1997](/source/Finance_Act_1997) (rates of gaming duty)

- Amusement Machine Licence Duty - [Betting and Gaming Duties Act 1981](/source/Betting_and_Gaming_Duties_Act_1981)

- [Vehicle Excise Duty](/source/Vehicle_Excise_Duty) - [Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994](/source/Vehicle_Excise_and_Registration_Act_1994)

## Specific finance acts

### Finance Act 1910

Main article: [People's Budget](/source/People's_Budget)

The [Finance (1909-10) Act 1910](/source/Finance_(1909-10)_Act_1910) ([10 Edw. 7. & 1 Geo. 5](/source/10_Edw._7._%26_1_Geo._5). c. 8) resulted in a significant net increase in taxation, and it also requisitioned a survey dubbed by [right-wing](/source/Right-wing_(politics)) journalists the "[Lloyd George](/source/Lloyd_George)'s [Domesday](/source/Domesday) land-survey",[1] in particular entailing the 1910–1915 [valuation maps](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valuation_map&action=edit&redlink=1).

Each property and related right under and over land (hereditament) in England and Wales was surveyed and valued, so [Increment Value Duty](/source/Increment_Value_Duty) based on [land value](/source/Land_value_tax) could be levied when any property was sold. The initial rate was 20% of the increase in land-value between the date of the survey and the date of sale (capital gain). Exemptions included farmland and plots smaller than 50 acres (20 ha; 200,000 m2). This tax was substantively altered by the repeal of s. 67 by the Finance Act 1920 which superseded it.[2]

As part of the survey, landowners had to fill in a form, and the resulting records are extremely useful for [local history](/source/Local_history).

The records today consist of:

- working maps

- valuation maps

- valuation books

- field books.

The valuation maps and books are kept in local record offices, and the other items are in the [National Archives](/source/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)) at [Kew](/source/Kew), London (field books in series IR58; working maps in series IR121 to IR135 according to region and each region has up to 22 different districts).

### Finance Act 1920

Finance Act 1920 Act of Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to grant certain duties of Customs and Inland Revenue (including Excise), to alter other duties, and to amend the Law relating to Customs and Inland Revenue (including Excise), and the National Debt, and to make further provision in connection with Finance. Citation 10 & 11 Geo. 5. c. 18 Dates Royal assent 4 August 1920 Other legislation Amended by Income Tax Act 1952 Status: Amended Text of statute as originally enacted Text of the Finance Act 1920 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The **Finance Act 1920** ([10 & 11 Geo. 5](/source/10_%26_11_Geo._5). c. 18) included a new "Duty on licences for mechanically propelled vehicles" ([Vehicle Excise Duty](/source/Vehicle_Excise_Duty), which went into the [Road Fund](/source/Road_Fund) until 1936), repealed "customs duties on motor spirit and motor spirit dealers licence duties", and introduced "Provisions as to spirits used for generating mechanical power", along with other provisions related to income tax and tax on alcohol.[3]

### Finance Act 1946

Finance Act 1946 Act of Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the Public Revenue and the National Debt, and to make further provision in connection with Finance. Citation 9 & 10 Geo. 6. c. 64 Dates Royal assent 1 August 1946 Status: Partially repealed Text of statute as originally enacted Text of the Finance Act 1946 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The **Finance Act 1946** ([9 & 10 Geo. 6](/source/9_%26_10_Geo._6). c. 64) established the [National Land Fund](/source/National_Land_Fund) and much of [National Savings and Investments](/source/National_Savings_and_Investments).[4]

### Finance Act 1948

Finance Act 1948 Act of Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the National Debt and the Public Revenue, and to make further provision in connection with Finance. Citation 11 & 12 Geo. 6. c. 49 Dates Royal assent 30 July 1948 Text of statute as originally enacted Text of the Finance Act 1948 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The **Finance Act 1948** ([11 & 12 Geo. 6](/source/11_%26_12_Geo._6). c. 49) established the "Special Contribution", which was a one-off [wealth tax](/source/Wealth_tax).

### Finance Act 1963

Finance Act 1963 Act of Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the National Debt, and the Public Revenue, and to make further provision in connection with Finance. Citation 1963 c. 25 Dates Royal assent 31 July 1963 Status: Amended Text of statute as originally enacted Text of the Finance Act 1963 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The **Finance Act 1963** (c. 25) abolished Schedule A of [income tax](/source/Income_tax), which was a tax on the [imputed rent](/source/Imputed_rent) of [owner-occupiers](/source/Owner-occupancy). It also abolished the [land tax](/source/Land_Tax_(England)).[5]

### Finance Act 1965

Main article: [Finance Act 1965](/source/Finance_Act_1965)

The [Finance Act 1965](/source/Finance_Act_1965) (c. 25) introduced [corporation tax](/source/United_Kingdom_corporation_tax) and [capital gains tax](/source/United_Kingdom_Capital_Gains_Tax).

### Finance Act 1972

Finance Act 1972[a] Act of Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the National Debt and the Public Revenue, and to make further provision in connection with Finance. Citation 1972 c. 41 Territorial extent United Kingdom Dates Royal assent 27 July 1972 Commencement 27 July 1972[b] Other legislation Repeals/revokes Purchase Tax Act 1963 Selective Employment Payments Act 1966 Amended by Finance (No. 2) Act 1975 Alcoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979 Medical Act 1983 Value Added Tax Act 1983 Status: Amended Text of statute as originally enacted Revised text of statute as amended Text of the Finance Act 1972 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The **Finance Act 1972** (c. 41) introduced [value added tax](/source/Value-added_tax_in_the_United_Kingdom).

### Finance Act 1977

Finance Act 1977 Act of Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the National Debt and the Public Revenue, and to make further provision in connection with Finance. Citation 1977 c. 36 Status: Amended Text of statute as originally enacted Text of the Finance Act 1977 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The **Finance Act 1977** (c. 36) abolished the last remaining [tithes](/source/Tithe) payable to the [Church of England](/source/Church_of_England) or [Church in Wales](/source/Church_in_Wales).[6]

### Finance Act 2000

Main article: [Finance Act 2000](/source/Finance_Act_2000)

The [Finance Act 2000](/source/Finance_Act_2000) (c. 17) increased the [Climate Change Levy](/source/Climate_Change_Levy).

### Finance Act 2010

Main article: [Finance Act 2010](/source/Finance_Act_2010)

Shortly before the [2010 United Kingdom general election](/source/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election),[c] the [Finance Act 2010](/source/Finance_Act_2010) (c. 13) passed as set out by the [Labour Party](/source/Labour_Party_(UK)) adjusted the rates of the main taxes, in particular introducing on income tax the 50% 'additional rate' band.[7]

The act also reversed a prospective rise enacted in the [Finance Act 2007](/source/Finance_Act_2007) (c. 11) of the [inheritance tax](/source/Inheritance_Tax_(United_Kingdom)) nil rate band threshold from £325,000 to £350,000 which would have applied from 6 April 2010, thus, emphasising a degree of [redistribution](/source/Wealth_redistribution), the tax instead continues to apply to death estates that do not benefit from any exemptions (such as spouse nil-rate-bands) and consist of a property valued at 25% above the national average.[d]

### Finance (No. 2) Act 2010

Main article: [Finance (No. 2) Act 2010](/source/Finance_(No._2)_Act_2010)

The [Finance (No. 2) Act 2010](/source/Finance_(No._2)_Act_2010) (c. 31) under the [Coalition Government](/source/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition) reduced the headline rate of [Capital Gains Tax](/source/Capital_Gains_Tax) to 18%.[8]

The act increased the general rate of VAT from 17.5% to 20% (while cutting it for imported goods and materials from 28.58% to 25%).[9]

### Finance (No. 3) Act 2010

Finance (No. 3) Act 2010 Act of Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the National Debt and the Public Revenue, and to make further provision in connection with finance. Citation 2010 c. 33 Dates Royal assent 16 December 2010 Status: Amended History of passage through Parliament Text of statute as originally enacted Text of the Finance (No. 3) Act 2010 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

Enacted on 16 December 2010, the **Finance (No. 3) Act 2010** (c. 33) extended foster care relief, extended the applicability of venture capital schemes to companies with a "permanent establishment" in the UK "in financial health", modified the meaning of "distribution" in the Corporation Tax Acts, addressed the income tax treatment of seafarer's income, adjusted treatment of REITs:, modified rules as to EEA/UK consortium claims for group relief, introduced first-year allowances for zero-emission goods vehicles, adjusted for VAT purposes treatment of non-business use of business assets, amended penalties for failure to make payments on time and returns on time, proceduralised recovery of overpaid stamp duty and petroleum revenue tax, modified compliance checks as to excise duties, and clarified the tax treatment of asbestos compensation settlements in relation to the three main taxes.[10]

### Finance (No. 2) Act 2017

Finance (No. 2) Act 2017 Act of Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the national debt and the public revenue, and to make further provision in connection with finance. Citation 2017 c. 32 Dates Royal assent 16 November 2017 Status: Amended History of passage through Parliament Text of statute as originally enacted Text of the Finance (No. 2) Act 2017 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The **Finance (No. 2) Act 2017** (c. 14) was enacted on 16 November 2017. The act implements tax measures laid out in the [November 2017 United Kingdom budget](/source/November_2017_United_Kingdom_budget).

### Finance Act 2020

Finance Act 2020 Act of Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom Long title An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the national debt and the public revenue, and to make further provision in connection with finance. Citation 2020 c. 14 Dates Royal assent 22 July 2020 Status: Amended History of passage through Parliament Text of statute as originally enacted Text of the Finance Act 2020 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The **Finance Act 2020** (c. 14) was enacted on 22 July 2020. Part 2 provides for the introduction of a Digital Services Tax.[11]

## Full title of the act including preamble and enacting formula

See also: [Enacting formula](/source/Enacting_formula)

An Act to grant certain duties, to alter other duties, and to amend the law relating to the National Debt and the Public Revenue, and to make further provision in connection with finance.

Most Gracious Sovereign

We, Your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Commons of the United Kingdom in Parliament assembled, towards raising the necessary supplies to defray Your Majesty's public expenses, and making an addition to the public revenue, have freely and voluntarily resolved to give and grant unto Your Majesty the several duties hereinafter mentioned; and do therefore most humbly beseech Your Majesty that it may be it enacted, and be it enacted by the King's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows...

## See also

- [Economic history of the United Kingdom](/source/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom)

- [History of the English fiscal system](/source/History_of_the_English_fiscal_system)

- [List of short titles](/source/List_of_short_titles)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Section 134(1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Section 47.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Passed on 8 April 2010

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** The [Coalition Government](/source/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition) maintained this rate and threshold throughout 2010-2015

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["The British Newspaper Archive"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/search/results?basicsearch=lloyd%20george%27s%20domesday&retrievecountrycounts=false). *The British Newspaper Archive*. 6 August 2025. Retrieved 6 August 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [UK Legislation](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Edw7and1Geo5/10/8/part/2) Finance (1909–10) Act 1910 c. 8 (Regnal. 10 [Edw. 7](/source/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom). and 1 [Geo. 5](/source/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom).) Parts II–IV

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Finance Act, 1920"](http://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1920/18). *England Legislation*. Retrieved 2 May 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Finance Act 1946"](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/9-10/64/introduction). 1 August 1946. Retrieved 18 March 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Finance Act 1963 | Abolition of land tax"](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/25/section/68/enacted/data.htm?wrap=true). UK Government. 31 July 1963. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220525213107/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/25/section/68/enacted/data.htm) from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [Finance Act 1977, section 56](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/36/section/56)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [UK Legislation](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/13/part/1) Finance Act 2010. Retrieved 2013-07-17

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** [UK Legislation](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/31/schedule/1) Finance (No. 2) Act 2010. Retrieved 2013-07-17

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Finance (No. 2) Act 2010: Section 3"](https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/31/section/3/), *[legislation.gov.uk](/source/Legislation.gov.uk)*, [The National Archives](/source/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)), 2010 c. 31 (s. 3)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** [UK Legislation](http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/33/schedule/14?timeline=true) Finance (No. 3) Act 2010 Retrieved 2013-07-17

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** UK Legislation, [Finance Act 2020, part 2](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2020/14/part/2/enacted), accessed 29 September 2020

v t e Finance Acts of the UK Finance Acts 1980–1999 1980 1981 1982 1983 No. 2 1984 1985 1986 1987 No. 2 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 No. 2 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 No. 2 1998 1999 Finance Acts 2000–present 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 No. 2 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 No. 2 No. 3 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 No.2 2016 2017 No.2 2018

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Finance Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finance_Act) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finance_Act?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.
