# Fiat JTD engine > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Fiat_JTD_engine > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Fiat_JTD_engine.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_JTD_engine > Source revision: 1356299893 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Reciprocating internal combustion engine JTD/MultiJet engine Overview Manufacturer FCA FPT Industrial Sofim GM Powertrain Torino CNH Industrial VM Motori Also called JTD/Multijet (Fiat, Lancia, Maserati and Jeep) JTD/JTDm (Alfa Romeo) DDiS (Suzuki and Maruti Suzuki) CDTI (Opel and Vauxhall Motors) VCDi (Chevrolet and Daewoo Motors) TiD and TTiD (Cadillac and Saab Automobile) Production 1996–present Layout Cylinder block material Common rail Cylinder head material Direct injection Combustion Fuel type Turbo diesel Oil system Wet sump Cooling system Water-cooled **Multijet** is a [Fiat](/source/Fiat) and [General Motors](/source/General_Motors) [joint venture](/source/Joint_venture), established in 1996, in [manufacturing](/source/Manufacturer) [diesel engines](/source/Diesel_engine) with [turbo](/source/Turbo_diesel) and [common rail](/source/Common_rail) [direct injection](/source/Diesel_engine#Direct_injection) [technology](/source/Technology). Most of the [Fiat S.p.A.](/source/Fiat_S.p.A.), [Fiat Professional](/source/Fiat_Professional), [Groupe PSA](/source/Groupe_PSA) ([Peugeot](/source/Peugeot) and [Citroën](/source/Citro%C3%ABn)), [Alfa Romeo](/source/Alfa_Romeo), [Maserati](/source/Maserati), [Lancia](/source/Lancia), [Chrysler](/source/Chrysler), [Chevrolet](/source/Chevrolet), [Daewoo Motors](/source/Daewoo_Motors), [Cadillac](/source/Cadillac), [Karsan](/source/Karsan), [Temsa](/source/Temsa), [Iveco](/source/Iveco), [Jeep](/source/Jeep), [Opel](/source/Opel), [Vauxhall Motors](/source/Vauxhall_Motors), [RAM Trucks](/source/RAM_Trucks), [Mitsubishi Fuso](/source/Mitsubishi_Fuso_Truck_and_Bus_Corporation), [Maruti Suzuki](/source/Maruti_Suzuki), [Suzuki](/source/Suzuki), [Tata Motors](/source/Tata_Motors) and [Saab Automobile](/source/Saab_Automobile) [branded](/source/Brand) [vehicles](/source/Vehicle) are equipped with Multijet engines. Ownership of some Fiat Multijet designs is shared with [General Motors](/source/General_Motors_Corporation) as part of a settlement of the failed merger between the two auto conglomerates. The [GM Powertrain Torino](/source/GM_Powertrain_Torino) group in [Turin, Italy](/source/Turin%2C_Italy), manages its interest in these engines. Some [PSA Peugeot Citroën](/source/PSA_Peugeot_Citro%C3%ABn) diesel engines are also rebadged JTD units, and vice versa.[1] Fiat's common-rail diesel engine is also known as **JTD**, an [initialism](/source/Initialism) of **UniJet Turbo Diesel**.[2] ## Characteristics The main improvement that distinguishes the Multijet from previous generations of [common-rail](/source/Common_rail) diesel engines from [FCA](/source/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles) is the combustion process of the fuel, which is split into multiple injections, thus allowing for a more complete, quieter combustion in the [cylinder](/source/Cylinder_(engine)). Compared to the first-generation JTD engines (Unijet system), which only featured a smaller pilot and a larger main injection, Multijet is capable of up to five injections per combustion cycle which enables better, more efficient cold running, better performance especially in the lower rev-range, quieter operation, as well as even lower consumption and emissions. The time between injections has been reduced to 150 [microseconds](/source/Microseconds) while the minimal injection quantity has been reduced from two to less than one [microlitre](/source/Microlitre). This enables even mid-sized sedans like the [Alfa Romeo 156](/source/Alfa_Romeo_156) and [Lancia Lybra](/source/Lancia_Lybra) equipped with the 1.9L JTD to achieve fuel economy upwards of 45 [mpg](/source/Fuel_economy_in_automobiles)US (55 mpgimp or 5L/100 km) on country roads and highways while offering an equal amount of torque as the 3.0L 24V [V6 engine](/source/Alfa_Romeo_V6_engine). A sophisticated [electronic control unit](/source/Electronic_control_unit) controls the injection and changes the injection logic and number of injections based on a multitude of parameters, most importantly [revolutions per minute](/source/Revolutions_per_minute) of the engine, engine [torque](/source/Torque) requested by the driver and the temperature of the coolant. The injection pressure of the diesel fuel on the second-generation Multijet is limited to between 1,400 [bar](/source/Bar_(unit)) (20,000 [psi](/source/Pounds_per_square_inch)) on the 1.3 Multijet and 1,600 bar (23,000 psi) on the 2.4 Multijet 20V. ### Multijet II In 2009, Fiat Powertrain introduced the third generation of this technology, called **Multijet II**. With its new and innovative injectors with a hydraulically balanced solenoid valve and even higher injection pressure of 2,000 bar (29,000 psi) it is capable of even more precise controlling of the injected diesel fuel, injecting it in a quicker and more flexible manner. It enables up to eight consecutive injections per combustion cycle and implemented Injection Rate Shaping technology, which provides two very close pilot injections making the fuel delivery more continuous and modulated.[3] This results in an engine that is quiet and has a smoother operation, lower emissions, better fuel mileage and higher performance compared to the previous generation. ## Automotive engines ### 0.9 Reciprocating internal combustion engine 0.9 L Overview Manufacturer General Motors Also called XSDE (Xtra Smart Diesel Engine) Smartech Diesel Production 2011–2017 Layout Configuration Inline-3 Displacement 936 cc (57.1 cu in) Cylinder bore 69.615 mm (2.74 in) Piston stroke 82.0 mm (3.23 in) Valvetrain DOHC with roller finger followers Compression ratio 16.8:1 Combustion Fuel system Common rail Output Power output 57 bhp (43 kW; 58 PS) Torque output 150 N⋅m (111 lb⋅ft) Dimensions Length 553.3 mm (21.78 in) Width 547.3 mm (21.55 in) Height 700.5 mm (27.58 in) Dry weight 130 kg (287 lb) A 0.9 L (936 cc) 3-cylinder variant, (called **XSDE**, Xtra Smart Diesel Engine) or *Smartech Diesel*, was introduced in 2011. Co-developed by [GM Powertrain Torino](/source/GM_Powertrain_Torino) and the [GM Technical Center India](/source/General_Motors_India_Private_Limited) for the Indian market the engine is rated at 57 bhp (43 kW; 57 hp) of power and 150 N⋅m (111 lb⋅ft) of torque.[4] Applications: - 2011–2017 [Chevrolet Beat](/source/Chevrolet_Spark) (India) ### 1.2 JTDm/Multijet/CDTI/D/DDiS/HDi Reciprocating internal combustion engine 1.2 L Overview Manufacturer Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Also called CDTI (Opel) DDiS (Suzuki and Maruti Suzuki) Multijet (Fiat, Jeep and Lancia) JTDm (Alfa Romeo) Quadrajet (Tata) D (Chevrolet) HDi (Groupe PSA) Production 2003–2024 Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 1,248 cc (76.2 cu in) Cylinder bore 69.6 mm (2.74 in) Piston stroke 82.0 mm (3.23 in) Valvetrain DOHC Compression ratio 17.6:1 Dimensions Dry weight 140 kg (310 lb) A small 1248cc/ 1.2L version (called the SDE, Small Diesel Engine and referred to as a "1.3") was introduced in February 2003[5] is produced in [Bielsko-Biała](/source/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a), [Poland](/source/Poland),[6] in Ranjangaon, Pune, India, by [Fiat India Automobiles](/source/Fiat_India_Automobiles) and [Tata Motors](/source/Tata_Motors) [joint venture](/source/Joint_venture) plant since 2008,[7] and by Maruti Suzuki in [Gurgaon, Haryana](/source/Gurgaon), India since 2012.[8][9] The Multijet 75 [PS](/source/Pferdest%C3%A4rke) version was chosen in 2005 as the [International Engine of the Year](/source/International_Engine_of_the_Year) in the 1-litre to 1.4-litre category. There are five versions of this engine: a 70 PS (51 kW; 69 hp) and a 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) (used in the [Punto](/source/Fiat_Punto), [Panda](/source/Fiat_Panda), [Doblo](/source/Fiat_Doblo), [Palio](/source/Fiat_Palio), [Albea](/source/Fiat_Albea), [Idea](/source/Fiat_Idea), [500](/source/Fiat_500); [Opel Corsa](/source/Opel_Corsa), [Combo](/source/Opel_Combo), [Meriva](/source/Opel_Meriva); [Suzuki Ritz](/source/Suzuki_Ritz), [Swift](/source/Suzuki_Swift); and [Tata Indica Vista](/source/Tata_Indica_Vista)), a 85 PS (63 kW; 84 hp) (used in the [Fiat 500L](/source/Fiat_500L) and [Fiat Doblo](/source/Fiat_Doblo)), a variable inlet geometry 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) (used in the [Fiat Grande Punto](/source/Fiat_Grande_Punto),[10] [Linea](/source/Fiat_Linea); [Opel Corsa](/source/Opel_Corsa), [Astra](/source/Opel_Astra); [Suzuki Ertiga](/source/Suzuki_Ertiga), [SX4](/source/Suzuki_SX4); [Tata Indigo Manza](/source/Tata_Indigo#Manza) and [Alfa Romeo MiTo](/source/Alfa_Romeo_MiTo)) and a 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp) from the Multijet II generation,[11] and a 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) available on the [Lancia Ypsilon](/source/Lancia_Ypsilon). [Newton metre](/source/Newton_metre) [torque](/source/Torque) in the 180 N⋅m (133 lb⋅ft), 190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft), 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft) and 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft). At the time of the launch this was the smallest four-cylinder diesel engine available and it had a fuel consumption of 3.3 L/100 km (86 mpg‑imp; 71 mpg‑US) in some applications. The engine is able to meet [Euro IV](/source/Euro_IV) emission standards without the use of a [diesel particulate filter](/source/Diesel_particulate_filter).[11] In January 2008, [Tata Motors](/source/Tata_Motors) introduced the new [Indica Vista](/source/Tata_Indica) model, which features a new **Quadrajet** branded version of this engine.[12] The second generation Ford Ka uses 1.2 Multijet named as **Duratorq** TDCi. In GM nomenclature, it is called **Small Diesel Engine** (SDE). During 2009, Fiat launched a new generation badged **Multijet II**, with a new injection management system (up to 8 injections per cycle, instead of 5) and able to meet [Euro V](/source/Euro_V) emission standards.[13] It is available with several power outputs, from 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp), with fixed geometry turbocharger, to 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp), with [variable geometry turbocharger](/source/Variable-geometry_turbocharger).[14] As of 2013, more than 5 million 1.2 MultiJet engines were produced.[15] In January 2020, the production of the 1.2 Multijet ended in India in both the Maruti Suzuki plant and the Fiat-Tata JV, as the BS6 emission regulations came into effect in the country from 1 April 2020.[16] Fiat-Tata built a total of 800,048 engines over 12 years.[17] #### Applications #### FCA - [Alfa Romeo MiTo](/source/Alfa_Romeo_MiTo) - [Fiat 500](/source/Fiat_Nuova_500) - [Fiat 500L](/source/Fiat_500L) - [Fiat 500X](/source/Fiat_500X) - [Fiat Albea](/source/Fiat_Albea) - [Fiat Doblò](/source/Fiat_Dobl%C3%B2) - [Fiat Fiorino](/source/Fiat_Fiorino) - [Fiat Grande Punto](/source/Fiat_Grande_Punto) - [Fiat Idea](/source/Fiat_Idea) - [Fiat Linea](/source/Fiat_Linea) - [Fiat Palio](/source/Fiat_Palio) - [Fiat Panda](/source/Fiat_Panda_(2003)) - [Fiat Punto](/source/Fiat_Punto) - [Fiat Qubo](/source/Fiat_Qubo) - [Fiat Strada](/source/Fiat_Strada) - [Fiat Tipo (2015)](/source/Fiat_Tipo_(2015)) - [Lancia Musa](/source/Lancia_Musa) - [Lancia Ypsilon](/source/Lancia_Ypsilon) #### General Motors - [Chevrolet Aveo](/source/Chevrolet_Aveo) - [Chevrolet Spark](/source/Chevrolet_Spark) - [Chevrolet Spin](/source/Chevrolet_Spin) - [Daewoo Matiz](/source/Daewoo_Matiz) - [Daewoo Gentra](/source/Daewoo_Gentra) - [Opel Agila](/source/Opel_Agila) - [Opel Astra](/source/Opel_Astra) - [Opel Combo](/source/Opel_Combo) - [Opel Corsa](/source/Opel_Corsa) - [Opel Meriva](/source/Opel_Meriva) - [Opel Tigra TwinTop](/source/Opel_Tigra) #### PSA - [Citroën Nemo](/source/Citro%C3%ABn_Nemo) - [Peugeot Bipper](/source/Peugeot_Bipper) #### Suzuki - [Suzuki Baleno](/source/Maruti_Baleno) - [Suzuki Ciaz](/source/Suzuki_Ciaz) - [Suzuki Dzire](/source/Suzuki_Dzire) - [Suzuki Ertiga](/source/Suzuki_Ertiga) - [Suzuki Ignis](/source/Suzuki_Ignis) - [Suzuki Splash](/source/Suzuki_Splash) - [Suzuki Swift](/source/Suzuki_Swift) - [Suzuki SX4 Sedan](/source/Suzuki_SX4) - [Suzuki SX4 S-Cross](/source/Suzuki_SX4) - [Suzuki Vitara Brezza](/source/Maruti_Brezza) #### Tata Motors - [Tata Bolt](/source/Tata_Bolt) - [Tata Indica Vista](/source/Tata_Indica) - [Tata Indigo Manza](/source/Tata_Manza) - [Tata Zest](/source/Tata_Zest) #### Others - [DFSK Super Cab](/source/DFSK_(Sokon)) (Indonesia) - [Ford Ka](/source/Ford_Ka) (2008) - [Premier Rio](/source/Daihatsu_Terios) ### 1.6 JTDm/Multijet/CDTI/DDiS Reciprocating internal combustion engine 1.6 L Overview Also called JTDm (Alfa Romeo) Multijet (Fiat, Jeep and Lancia) CDTI (Opel) DDiS (Suzuki and Maruti Suzuki) Production 2006–present Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 1,598 cc (97.5 cu in) Cylinder bore 79.5 mm (3.13 in) Piston stroke 80.5 mm (3.17 in) In 2006 Fiat Powertrain announced a downsized version of the 1.9 16V Multijet, a new 1.6L 16V Multijet (1,598 cc) with two power levels of 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp), 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp), 120 PS (88 kW; 120 hp) and 130 PS (96 kW; 130 hp) to replace the still-used 1.9L 8-valve engine. The new 1.6 Multijet diesel with 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft), 290 N⋅m (214 lb⋅ft), 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) and 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft).[18] #### Applications #### FCA - [Alfa Romeo Mito](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Mito) - [Alfa Romeo Giulietta (2010)](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Giulietta_(2010)) - [Alfa Romeo Tonale](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Tonale) - [Fiat 500L](/source/Fiat_500L) - [Fiat 500X](/source/Fiat_500X) - [Fiat Bravo (2007)](/source/Fiat_Bravo_(2007)) - [Fiat Doblò](/source/Fiat_Dobl%C3%B2) - [Fiat Punto](/source/Fiat_Punto) - [Fiat Idea](/source/Fiat_Idea) - [Fiat Linea](/source/Fiat_Linea) - [Fiat Tipo (2015)](/source/Fiat_Tipo_(2015)) - [Jeep Renegade](/source/Jeep_Renegade) - [Jeep Compass](/source/Jeep_Compass) - [Lancia Delta](/source/Lancia_Delta) (2008) - [Lancia Musa](/source/Lancia_Musa) #### General Motors - [Opel Combo D](/source/Opel_Combo) #### Suzuki - [Suzuki Vitara](/source/Suzuki_Vitara) (2015) - [Suzuki SX4 S-Cross](/source/Suzuki_SX4_S-Cross) (from 2013[19]) ### 1.9 JTD/JTDm/Multijet/Twin Turbo Multijet/CDTI/TiD/TTiD/DDiS Reciprocating internal combustion engine 1.9 L JTDm engine cover of Alfa Romeo 159 Overview Manufacturer GM Powertrain Torino Also called JTD and JTDm (Alfa Romeo) CDTI (Opel) JTD/Multijet (Fiat and Lancia) Twin Turbo Multijet (Lancia) TiD and TTiD (Saab Automobile and Cadillac) DDiS (Suzuki and Maruti Suzuki) Production 1996–present Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 1,910 cc (117 cu in) Cylinder bore 82 mm (3.2 in) Piston stroke 90.4 mm (3.56 in) Compression ratio 18.5 Combustion Turbocharger Some versions Dimensions Dry weight 125 kg (276 lb) (Single turbo) The most common JTD engine is the 1.9 L [straight-4](/source/Straight-4) found on various brands and models. The first car that used this engine was the [Alfa Romeo 156](/source/Alfa_Romeo_156) in 1997 (105 PS, 77 kW, 104 hp), making it the world's first common-rail diesel passenger car.[20] In 1999, it was introduced in the [Fiat Brava](/source/Fiat_Brava), [Bravo](/source/Fiat_Bravo) and [Marea](/source/Fiat_Marea) range, as well as in the [Fiat Punto JTD](/source/Fiat_Punto) with a smaller, fixed-geometry turbocharger and 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp). There were also 85 PS (63 kW; 84 hp), 101 PS (74 kW; 100 hp), 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp), and 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) versions available. The engine block weighs approximately 125 kg (276 lb), the cylinder head features an [overhead camshaft](/source/Overhead_camshaft_engine) with directly actuated valves. The Multijet second generation features an advanced common-rail system and is available with seven different power outputs. The 8-valve version has 101 PS (74 kW; 100 hp), 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp), or 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) and the 16-valve version has 134 PS (99 kW; 132 hp), 138 PS (101 kW; 136 hp), 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp), or 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp). Except for the 101 PS Multijet, all engines feature a variable-geometry turbocharger. [Opel](/source/Opel) also uses a version of this engine. Their **CDTI** engine, manufactured in [Pratola Serra](/source/Pratola_Serra), [Italy](/source/Italy) and [Kaiserslautern, Germany](/source/Kaiserslautern%2C_Germany), is the product of the half-decade joint venture between GM and Fiat. It is used in the [Vectra](/source/Opel_Vectra), [Signum](/source/Opel_Signum), [Astra](/source/Opel_Astra), [Zafira](/source/Opel_Zafira), [Cadillac BLS](/source/Cadillac_BLS) and [Suzuki SX4](/source/Suzuki_SX4) as well as some [Saabs](/source/Saab_Automobile) marked as **TiD** and **TTiD** (twin-turbo version). #### Applications #### FCA - [Alfa Romeo 145](/source/Alfa_Romeo_145) - [Alfa Romeo 146](/source/Alfa_Romeo_146) - [Alfa Romeo 147](/source/Alfa_Romeo_147) - [Alfa Romeo 156](/source/Alfa_Romeo_156) - [Alfa Romeo 159](/source/Alfa_Romeo_159) - [Alfa Romeo GT](/source/Alfa_Romeo_GT) - [Fiat Bravo](/source/Fiat_Bravo_(2007)) - [Fiat Brava](/source/Fiat_Brava) - [Fiat Croma II](/source/Fiat_Croma) - [Fiat Doblò](/source/Fiat_Dobl%C3%B2) - [Fiat Grande Punto](/source/Fiat_Grande_Punto) - [Fiat Marea](/source/Fiat_Marea) - [Fiat Multipla](/source/Fiat_Multipla) - [Fiat Punto](/source/Fiat_Punto) - [Fiat Idea](/source/Fiat_Idea) - [Fiat Sedici](/source/Fiat_Sedici) - [Fiat Stilo](/source/Fiat_Stilo) - [Fiat Strada](/source/Fiat_Strada) - [Lancia Delta](/source/Lancia_Delta) - [Lancia Lybra](/source/Lancia_Lybra) - [Lancia Musa](/source/Lancia_Musa) #### General Motors - [Cadillac BLS](/source/Cadillac_BLS) - [Opel Astra H](/source/Opel_Astra#H) - [Opel Signum](/source/Opel_Signum) - [Opel Vectra C](/source/Opel_Vectra#Vectra_C_(2002–2008)) - [Opel Zafira B](/source/Opel_Zafira#Zafira_B_(2005–2014)) - [Saab 9-3](/source/Saab_9-3) - [Saab 9-5](/source/Saab_9-5) #### Suzuki - [Suzuki SX4](/source/Suzuki_SX4) #### Others - [Alenia Aeronautica Sky-Y](/source/Alenia_Aeronautica_Sky-Y) - [DR5](/source/DR5_(car)) #### SAIC Motor - [MG 6](/source/MG_6) - Right side view, from Saab 9-5 - Left side view, from Saab 9-5 - Dual overhead camshaft housing - Turbo charger with attachments from 9-5 #### Twin Turbo Engine cover of Lancia Delta's 1.9 TT Multijet. [Fiat Powertrain Technologies](/source/Fiat_Powertrain_Technologies) released information about a new two stage turbo ([twin turbo](/source/Twin_turbo)) version of this engine in summer 2007, which is available with two power levels, one producing 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) and one 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp), both with a maximum torque output of 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm. The 180 PS version production started summer 2007. The engine weighs approximately 185 kg (408 lb). This engine will be sold both to Fiat Group Automobiles and other brands, but the 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) version is reserved only to Fiat Group Automobiles.[21] #### Applications - [Cadillac BLS](/source/Cadillac_BLS) - [Lancia Delta](/source/Lancia_Delta) - [Saab 9-3](/source/Saab_9-3) ### 2.0 JTDm/CDTI/TiD/TTiD/VCDi/Multijet II/DDiS Reciprocating internal combustion engine 2.0 L JTDm 2 engine cover of Alfa Romeo Giulietta Overview Manufacturer FPT Industrial GM Powertrain Torino Also called JTDm (Alfa Romeo) CDTI (Opel) TiD or TTiD (Saab) VCDi (Chevrolet) Multijet (Cadillac, Fiat, Jeep and Lancia) DDiS (Suzuki) Kryotec (Tata) Production 2008–present Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 1,956 cc (119.4 cu in) Cylinder bore 83 mm (3.3 in) Piston stroke 90.4 mm (3.56 in) Cylinder block material Cast iron Cylinder head material Aluminum Valvetrain Dual overhead camshafts Compression ratio 16.5 Combustion Fuel system Common rail Direct injection turbo diesel Fuel type Diesel B20 Oil system Wet sump Cooling system Water-cooled Output Power output 110–192 hp (82–143 kW) Torque output 192–280 lb⋅ft (260–380 N⋅m) Dimensions Dry weight 174–182 kg (384–401 lb) A new 2 litre (1,956 cc, 83 mm bore, 90.4 mm stroke) Multijet diesel was introduced in third generation Lancia Delta in summer 2008. At its first version this engine produces 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp). For 2009 the engine was fitted to [Alfa Romeo 159](/source/Alfa_Romeo_159) as 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) variant. Fiat Sedici, Suzuki SX4 and the new Fiat Doblò generation use a 135 PS (99 kW; 133 hp) variant of this engine. GM Powertrain separately developed their diesel engines based on 1.9 JTD, after end of the GM and Fiat partnership,[22] and first was the 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp) version for Astra and Insignia, which was later upgraded to 165 PS for Astra (163 PS in restyled version of Insignia), and less powerful version for Insignia with 110 PS and 130 PS. In 2011 GM Powertrain Europe developed a new derivative - the [twin-turbocharger](/source/Twin-turbo) BiTurbo version, with 195 PS (143 kW; 192 hp), which is used in the Insignia and starting with 2013 in the Astra J. Internally the new engine is referred to as **GM Ecotec Family B engine**. The same engine was also available in the 2011 Saab 9–5 with 160 PS and 190 PS twin-turbo. In 2013 Opel introduced cleaner and more fuel efficient versions of the 2.0 CDTI engine and the ecoFLEX version, with 99 g/km of CO2 and 120 PS (140 PS for Insignia).[23] #### Applications #### FCA - [Alfa Romeo Giulietta (2010)](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Giulietta_(2010)) - [Alfa Romeo 159](/source/Alfa_Romeo_159) - [Fiat Bravo (2007)](/source/Fiat_Bravo_(2007)) - [Fiat Doblò II](/source/Fiat_Dobl%C3%B2) - [Fiat Ducato III](/source/Fiat_Ducato#Third) - [Fiat Freemont](/source/Fiat_Freemont) - [Fiat Sedici](/source/Fiat_Sedici) - [Fiat Toro](/source/Fiat_Toro) - [Fiat 500X](/source/Fiat_500X) - [Jeep Compass](/source/Jeep_Compass) - [Jeep Cherokee (KL)](/source/Jeep_Cherokee_(KL)) - [Jeep Meridian](/source/Jeep_Meridian) - [Jeep Commander](/source/Jeep_Commander) - [Jeep Renegade](/source/Jeep_Renegade) - [Lancia Delta III](/source/Lancia_Delta#Third_generation) #### General Motors - 2014–2015 [Chevrolet Cruze](/source/Chevrolet_Cruze) ([NA](/source/North_America)) - 2016-2017 [Chevrolet Captiva](/source/Chevrolet_Captiva) ([KOR](/source/South_Korea)) - 2013-2015 [Chevrolet Malibu](/source/Chevrolet_Malibu) - [Daewoo Lacetti](/source/Daewoo_Lacetti) - [Opel Antara](/source/Opel_Antara) - [Opel/Vauxhall Astra J](/source/Opel_Astra) (single and twin turbo) - [Opel/Vauxhall Cascada](/source/Opel_Cascada) (single and twin turbo) - [Opel/Vauxhall Insignia](/source/Opel_Insignia) (single and twin turbo) - [Opel/Vauxhall Zafira Tourer](/source/Opel_Zafira#Zafira_Tourer_C_(2011–present)) (single and twin turbo) - [Saab 9-5](/source/Saab_9-5#Second_generation_(YS3G,_2010–2012)) (single and twin turbo) - 2020 [Cadillac XT4](/source/Cadillac_XT4) (EU market) #### SAIC Motor - [MG Hector](/source/Baojun_530) #### Suzuki - [Suzuki SX4](/source/Suzuki_SX4) #### Tata Motors - [Tata Harrier](/source/Tata_Harrier) - [Tata Safari](/source/Tata_Safari) ### 2.2 JTDm/Multijet II Reciprocating internal combustion engine 2.2 L Overview Manufacturer CNH Industrial Also called Multijet II (Fiat and Jeep) JTDm (Alfa Romeo) Production 2015-current Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 2,143 cc (130.8 cu in) 2,184 cc (133.3 cu in) Cylinder bore 83 mm (3.27 in) 83.8 mm (3.30 in) Piston stroke 99 mm (3.90 in) Cylinder block material Cast iron (die-cast Aluminium for Alfa Romeo) Cylinder head material Aluminum Valvetrain Dual overhead camshafts Compression ratio 15.5:1 Combustion Turbocharger Variable-geometry integrated in the exhaust manifold Fuel system Common Rail Management Multijet II (Magneti Marelli) Output Power output 185–210 PS (136–154 kW; 182–207 hp) Torque output 440–470 N⋅m (320–350 lb⋅ft) Dimensions Dry weight 158 kg (348 lb)[24] The 2.2 Multijet II (2,184 cc) was introduced by Fiat Chrysler in mid-2015.[25] These engines produce 185 PS (136 kW; 182 hp) and 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp) with 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) of torque at 2500 RPM in the Jeep Cherokee. It was developed to offer more torque in the low-rev range compared to the 2.0L Multijet.[26] This engine further improves the existing 2.0 Multijet in various areas, such as a higher injection pressure (2,000 Bar instead of 1,600 Bar) with Injector Rate Shaping, an oil pump with variable displacement and counterbalance-shafts to reduce noises and vibrations.[27] This engine meets [Euro 6](/source/European_emission_standards) emission norms without the use of [diesel exhaust fluid](/source/Diesel_exhaust_fluid) injection. A 2.2 Multijet III (2,184 cc) was introduced by Stellantis on the Fiat Ducato in 2021 with 4 power outputs: 120, 140, 160, & 180 hp. It meets Euro 6d emissions standards. A further development of this engine with a 2,143 cc displacement, and a die-cast Aluminium block, is used in the [Alfa Romeo Giulia (952)](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Giulia_(952)),[28] [Alfa Romeo Stelvio](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Stelvio), and [Jeep Wrangler (JL)](/source/Jeep_Wrangler_(JL)). Announced in 2023, a new version of the 2.2 Multijet Evo (2,184 cc) four-cylinder engine (code B2.2) entered production in 2024 and was Euro 7 approved in 2025.[29] This engine produced in the Pratola Serra (Avellino) factory is mounted on the Fiat Ducato (and twins Opel Movano, Citroën Jumpy, Peugeot Boxer and Toyota Proace Max), Peugeot Landtrek, Fiat Titano, RAM Rampage, Fiat Toro, Jeep Compass and Jeep Commander (in Brazil).[30] The South American version was [Proconve L8](/source/PROCONVE) homologated.[31] From 2025, the 2.2 Multijet Evo engine will also be adopted by K0 commercial vehicles (Peugeot Expert, Fiat Scudo/Ulysse, Citroën Jumpy, Opel Vivaro/Zafira Life, Toyota Proace/Proace Verso), replacing the previous 1.5 HDI and 2.0 HDI engines of PSA origin.[32] #### Applications **2,143 cc aluminium block** - [Alfa Romeo Giulia (952)](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Giulia_(952)) - [Alfa Romeo Stelvio](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Stelvio) (949) - [Jeep Wrangler (JL)](/source/Jeep_Wrangler_(JL)) **2,184 cc cast-iron block** - [Fiat Ducato](/source/Fiat_Ducato#Third_generation_(2006)) and Peugeot/Opel/Citroën twins - [Fiat Scudo](/source/Fiat_Scudo) and other K0 twins - [Fiat Toro](/source/Fiat_Toro) - [Jeep Cherokee (KL)](/source/Jeep_Cherokee_(KL)) - [Jeep Compass (Brasil)](/source/Jeep_Compass) - [Jeep Commander (Brasil)](/source/Jeep_Commander_(2022)) - [Ram Rampage](/source/Ram_Rampage) - [Peugeot Landtrek](/source/Peugeot_Landtrek) ### 2.4 JTD/JTDm/Multijet Reciprocating internal combustion engine 2.4 L Engine cover of an Alfa Romeo 166 2.4 JTD Overview Manufacturer Fiat S.p.A. Also called JTD and Multijet (Fiat and Lancia) JTD and JTDm (Alfa Romeo) Layout Configuration Inline-5 Displacement 2,387 cc (145.7 cu in) Cylinder bore 82 mm (3.2 in) Piston stroke 90.4 mm (3.56 in) Cylinder block material Cast iron Valvetrain OHC/DOHC Compression ratio 18,5 Combustion Fuel system Direct injection Management Bosch EDC15 Diesel Injection The 2.4 L (2,387 cc) [straight-5](/source/Straight-5) version is based on the 2.4 124 PS (91 kW; 122 hp) 5 cylinder TD engine as used in the Mk1 Fiat Marea and the Mk1 Lancia Kappa. The JTD version benefits from the solid build of the TD block, and an improved head/injection system. There are 2 versions of the 2.4 JTD, the 10-valve as used in the [Fiat Marea](/source/Fiat_Marea) 130 JTD and the earlier [Alfa Romeo 156](/source/Alfa_Romeo_156)/[Alfa Romeo 166](/source/Alfa_Romeo_166)/[Lancia Lybra](/source/Lancia_Lybra) diesels where it was available as 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp), 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp), 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) and later a Multijet 20-valve version 175 PS (129 kW; 173 hp) as used in the later (2003>) [Alfa Romeo 156](/source/Alfa_Romeo_156) as well as some [Lancia](/source/Lancia) vehicles. It was designed for [transverse](/source/Transverse_engine) [front-wheel drive](/source/Front-wheel_drive) use and was deemed too long and tall for widespread use in other GM Ecotec or Fiat products. A newer Multijet variant of this engine, capable for 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp), is used in the [Alfa Romeo 159](/source/Alfa_Romeo_159), [Alfa Romeo Brera](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Brera) and [Fiat Croma](/source/Fiat_Croma). The latest version of this engine produces 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp) and 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) at 1500 rpm, and is used in Alfa Romeo vehicles.[33] #### Applications - [Alfa Romeo 156](/source/Alfa_Romeo_156) - [Alfa Romeo Spider](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Brera) - [Alfa Romeo Brera](/source/Alfa_Romeo_Brera) - [Alfa Romeo 159](/source/Alfa_Romeo_159) - [Alfa Romeo 166](/source/Alfa_Romeo_166) - [Fiat Croma II](/source/Fiat_Croma) - [Fiat Marea](/source/Fiat_Marea) - [Lancia Kappa](/source/Lancia_Kappa) - [Lancia Lybra](/source/Lancia_Lybra) - [Lancia Thesis](/source/Lancia_Thesis) ### 2.8 Reciprocating internal combustion engine 2.8 Multijet Overview Manufacturer VM Motori Also called 2.8 Multijet Production 2009–2016 Layout Configuration 60° inline-4 Displacement 2.8 L (2,766 cc; 168.8 cu in) Cylinder bore 94 mm (3.70 in) Piston stroke 100 mm (3.94 in) Cylinder block material Compacted graphite iron Cylinder head material Aluminum Valvetrain DOHC 4 valves x cyl. Compression ratio 15.5:1 Combustion Turbocharger Honeywell VGT 2056 Fuel system Common rail Direct injection Fuel type Diesel, B20 Oil system Wet sump Cooling system Water-cooled Output Power output 163–178 PS (120–131 kW; 161–176 hp) Torque output 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft) Dimensions Length 695 mm (27.4 in) Width 729 mm (28.7 in) Height 697.5 mm (27.46 in) Dry weight 220 kg (485 lb) Evolution of [VM Motori](/source/VM_Motori) [A 428 DOHC](/source/List_of_VM_Motori_engines#A_428_DOHC) in the [inline-4](/source/Inline-4) engine with 1,800 bar (26,000 psi) [common rail](/source/Common_rail) injection system and piezoelectric injectors #### Applications - 2011–2013 [Lancia Voyager](/source/Lancia_Voyager) power: 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp); torque: 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft) - 2013–2016 [Lancia Voyager](/source/Lancia_Voyager) power: 178 PS (131 kW; 176 hp); torque: 360 N⋅m (266 lb⋅ft) ### 3.0 Reciprocating internal combustion engine 3.0 Multijet Overview Manufacturer VM Motori Also called 3.0 V6 Multijet II Production 2011–2023 Layout Configuration 60° V6 Displacement 3.0 L; 182.3 cu in (2,987 cc) Cylinder bore 83 mm (3.27 in) Piston stroke 92 mm (3.62 in) Cylinder block material Compacted graphite iron Cylinder head material Aluminum Valvetrain DOHC 4 valves x cyl. Compression ratio 15.5:1 Combustion Turbocharger Honeywell VGT 2056 Fuel system Common rail Direct injection Fuel type Diesel, B20 Oil system Wet sump Cooling system Water-cooled Output Power output 190–275 PS (140–202 kW; 187–271 hp) Torque output 440–600 N⋅m (325–443 lb⋅ft) Dimensions Length 695 mm (27.4 in) Width 729 mm (28.7 in) Height 697.5 mm (27.46 in) Dry weight 220 kg (485 lb) A 3.0 L; 182.3 cu in (2,987 cc) [double overhead camshaft](/source/Double_overhead_camshaft) [V6 engine](/source/V6_engine), featuring [four valves-per-cylinder](/source/Multi-valve#Four_valves) and common-rail direct fuel injection. A variant complying with the emission norms of the North America market (NAFTA) is the **3.0 V6 Multijet II** and marketed by [Fiat Chrysler](/source/Fiat_Chrysler) as the **FPT Multijet II**. The high-performance, single turbo version is [Jeep](/source/Jeep).[34] #### A630 applications (Europe) - 2011 [Jeep Grand Cherokee](/source/Jeep_Grand_Cherokee) (Also Australia) - power 241 PS (177 kW; 238 hp), torque 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) - 2012 [Lancia Thema](/source/Lancia_Thema) - power 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) @ 4000 rpm, torque 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) @ 1600-2800 rpm - power 239 PS (176 kW; 236 hp) @ 4000 rpm, torque 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) @ 1800-2800 rpm - 2014 [Jeep Grand Cherokee](/source/Jeep_Grand_Cherokee) (FPT [Multijet II](/source/JTD_engine#Multijet_II)) - power 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) @ 4000 rpm, torque 570 N⋅m (420 lb⋅ft) @ 2000 rpm #### L630 applications (North America) - 2021–2023 [Jeep Gladiator](/source/Jeep_Gladiator_(JT)) Branded as [EcoDiesel](/source/EcoDiesel) - power 264 PS (194 kW; 260 hp) @ 3600 rpm, torque 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) @ 2000 rpm - 2014–2019 [Jeep Grand Cherokee](/source/Jeep_Grand_Cherokee_(WK2)) Branded as [EcoDiesel](/source/EcoDiesel) - power 243 PS (179 kW; 240 hp) @ 3600 rpm, torque 570 N⋅m (420 lb⋅ft) @ 2000 rpm - 2020–2023 [Jeep Wrangler](/source/Jeep_Wrangler_(JL)) Branded as [EcoDiesel](/source/EcoDiesel) - power 264 PS (194 kW; 260 hp) @ 3600 rpm, torque 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) @ 2000 rpm - 2014–2018 [Ram 1500](/source/Ram_pickup) Branded as [EcoDiesel](/source/EcoDiesel) - power 243 PS (179 kW; 240 hp) @ 3600 rpm, torque 570 N⋅m (420 lb⋅ft) @ 2000 rpm - 2019–2023 [Ram 1500](/source/Ram_1500_(DT)) Branded as [EcoDiesel](/source/EcoDiesel) - power 264 PS (194 kW; 260 hp) @ 3600 rpm, torque 650 N⋅m (479 lb⋅ft) @ 2000 rpm #### A630 HP applications (Europe) - 2013 [Maserati Ghibli III](/source/Maserati_Ghibli_III) - power 275 PS (202 kW; 271 hp) @ 4000 rpm, torque 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) @ 2000 rpm - 2013 [Maserati Quattroporte VI](/source/Maserati_Quattroporte_VI) - power 275 PS (202 kW; 271 hp) @ 4000 rpm, torque 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) @ 2000-2600 rpm - 2016 [Maserati Levante](/source/Maserati_Levante) - power 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) @ 4000 rpm, torque 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) @ 2000-2600 rpm - power 275 PS (202 kW; 271 hp) @ 4000 rpm, torque 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) @ 2000-2600 rpm ## Light commercial vehicle engines ### 1.5 Multijet II Reciprocating internal combustion engine 1.5 L Overview Manufacturer Groupe PSA, Ford of Europe Also called Multijet II (Fiat) Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 1,499 cc (91.5 cu in) Cylinder bore 79.5 mm (3.13 in) Piston stroke 80.5 mm (3.17 in) The Multijet II engine is a 1.5 L (1,499 cc) [inline-four](/source/Straight-four_engine) found on various brands and models. Versions of this engine include the [PSA DV5](/source/Ford_DLD_engine#DLD-415) in the [third generation Fiat Doblò](/source/Fiat_Dobl%C3%B2#K9) and [third generation Fiat Scudo](/source/Fiat_Scudo#K0). Power outputs are 100 PS (74 kW; 99 hp), 120 and 130 PS (88 and 96 kW; 118 and 128 hp) with maximum torque output of 250 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) or 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm. The [PSA HDi engine](/source/PSA_HDi_engine) variant is manufactured by [Groupe PSA](/source/Groupe_PSA) as a product of the [joint venture](/source/Joint_venture) with [Stellantis](/source/Stellantis). #### Applications #### Fiat - [Fiat Doblò](/source/Fiat_Dobl%C3%B2) - [Fiat Scudo](/source/Fiat_Scudo) ### 1.6 Multijet II Reciprocating internal combustion engine 1.6 L Overview Manufacturer Groupe PSA, Ford of Europe Also called JTD and Multijet (Fiat S.p.A.) Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 1,560 cc (95 cu in) The 1.6 Multijet II (1560 cc) was developed by [PSA HDi engine](/source/PSA_HDi_engine) and [Ford Duratorq engine](/source/Ford_Duratorq_engine) for heavy-duty applications and is available in three versions 90 Multijet ([PSA DV6](/source/Ford_DLD_engine#DV6)) these engines produce 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) respectively. #### Applications - [Fiat Scudo](/source/Fiat_Scudo) ### 2.0 JTD/Multijet Reciprocating internal combustion engine 2.0 L Overview Manufacturer Groupe PSA Also called JTD and Multijet (Fiat and Lancia) Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 1,998 cc (121.9 cu in) The 2.0 JTD/Multijet (1998 cc) was developed by [PSA HDi engine](/source/PSA_HDi_engine) for heavy-duty applications and is available in three versions 90 JTD ([PSA DW10](/source/PSA_EW%2FDW_engine#DW10)), 110 JTD ([PSA DW10](/source/PSA_EW%2FDW_engine#DW10)), 120 MultiJet ([PSA DW10](/source/PSA_EW%2FDW_engine#DW10)), 136 MultiJet ([PSA DW10](/source/PSA_EW%2FDW_engine#DW10)), 150 MultiJet ([PSA DW10](/source/PSA_EW%2FDW_engine#DW10)) and 180 MultiJet ([PSA DW10](/source/PSA_EW%2FDW_engine#DW10)) these engines produce 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp), 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp), 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp), 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp), 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) and 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) respectively. #### Applications - [Fiat Ulysse](/source/Fiat_Ulysse) - [Fiat Scudo](/source/Fiat_Scudo) - [Lancia Zeta](/source/Lancia_Zeta) - [Lancia Phedra](/source/Lancia_Phedra) - [Saab 9-3](/source/Saab_9-3) ### 2.3 JTD/Multijet Reciprocating internal combustion engine 2.3 L Overview Manufacturer Sofim Also called JTD and Multijet (Fiat) Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 2,287 cc (139.6 cu in) The 2.3 Multijet (2,287 cc) was developed by [Iveco](/source/Iveco) for heavy-duty applications and is available in three versions 120 MultiJet (Sofim F1AE0481D), 130 MultiJet (Sofim F1AE0481N or F1AE6481D) and 150 MultiJet (Sofim F1AE3481E), these engines produce 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp), 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) and 148 PS (109 kW; 146 hp) respectively. #### Applications - [Fiat Ducato](/source/Fiat_Ducato) - [Iveco Daily](/source/Iveco_Daily) - [Karsan Jest](/source/Karsan_Jest) - [UAZ Patriot](/source/UAZ_Patriot) ### 2.4 Multijet Reciprocating internal combustion engine 2.4 L Overview Manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors Also called Multijet (Fiat) Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 2,442 cc (149.0 cu in) The 2.4 Multijet (2,442 cc) was developed by [Mitsubishi 4N15](/source/Mitsubishi_4N1_engine#4N15) for [Mitsubishi L200](/source/Mitsubishi_L200) applications and is available in three versions these engines produce 154 PS (113 kW; 152 hp) and 181 PS (133 kW; 179 hp) respectively. #### Applications - [Fiat Fullback](/source/Fiat_Fullback) ### 2.8 JTD/HDi Reciprocating internal combustion engine 2.8 L Overview Manufacturer Sofim Also called JTD (Fiat and Iveco) HDi (Peugeot and Citroen) Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 2,800 cc (170 cu in) The 2.8 JTD (2,800 cc) made by Iveco (SOFIM) was used in second generation Fiat Ducato, it produces 128 PS (94 kW; 126 hp) or 146 PS (107 kW; 144 hp). #### Applications - [Citroën Jumper](/source/Citro%C3%ABn_Jumper) - [Fiat Ducato](/source/Fiat_Ducato) - [Iveco Daily](/source/Iveco_Daily) - [Iveco Massif](/source/Iveco_Massif) - [Peugeot Boxer](/source/Peugeot_Boxer) - [Renault Mascott](/source/Renault_Mascott) ### 3.0 Multijet Power/HDi Reciprocating internal combustion engine 3.0 L Overview Manufacturer Sofim Also called Multijet Power (Fiat and Iveco) HDi (Citroen) Layout Configuration Inline-4 Displacement 2,998 cc (182.9 cu in) The 160 MultiJet Power, introduced in 2007, saw displacement increased to 3.0 L (2,998 cc). This engine produces 157 PS (115 kW; 155 hp) or 177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) in Fiat-badged models. In Iveco Massif this engine is also available as 176 PS (129 kW; 174 hp) version. #### Applications - [Citroën Jumper](/source/Fiat_Ducato) - [Fiat Ducato](/source/Fiat_Ducato) - [Iveco Daily](/source/Iveco_Daily) - [Iveco Massif/Campagnola](/source/Iveco_Massif) - [Mitsubishi Canter](/source/Mitsubishi_Canter) - [Multicar Fumo](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multicar_Fumo&action=edit&redlink=1) - [Peugeot Boxer](/source/Fiat_Ducato) - [RAM ProMaster](/source/Fiat_Ducato) - [Temsa Prestij](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temsa_Prestij&action=edit&redlink=1) - [Karsan Jestronic](/source/Karsan_Jest) ## See also - [Fully Integrated Robotised Engine](/source/Fully_Integrated_Robotised_Engine) - [Fiat Global Small Engine](/source/Fiat_Global_Small_Engine) - [Fiat Pratola Serra modular engines](/source/Fiat_Pratola_Serra_modular_engines) ## Notes 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Mazzocchi Bordone, Maria Giovanna (2010). *Fiat, tutti i modelli del novecento* [*Fiat, all the 20th century models*]. Un secolo di auto italiana. Vol. II. Rozzano (MI): Editoriale Domus. p. 426. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-autobild.de_2-0)** autobild.de: [JTD - Lexikon - autobild.de](https://www.autobild.de/lexikon/jtd-221517.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200616003555/https://www.autobild.de/lexikon/jtd-221517.html) 2020-06-16 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), accessdate: 19. June 2019 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Diesel Injection Rate Shaping"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052537/https://www.iav.com/sites/default/files/handouts/2014/en-us/diesel-injection-rate-shaping.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](https://www.iav.com/sites/default/files/handouts/2014/en-us/diesel-injection-rate-shaping.pdf) (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-11-05. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Raja, Shrawan (Jul 23, 2011). ["Chevrolet Beat XSDE SMARTECH engine"](http://indianautosblog.com/2011/07/chevrolet-beat-xsde-smartech-engine). *Indian Autos Blog*. Retrieved 18 November 2013. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Third generation FIRE engine: the 1.2 Multijet 16v"](http://www.italiaspeed.com/news_2003/news_2003_029_multijet/news_2003_029multijet_3.html). Italiaspeed.com. 7 February 2003. Retrieved 19 February 2014. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Fiat Powertrain Technologies will almost double production capacity of their highly acclaimed 1.2-litre Multijet 16v engine, once an expansion of the factory in Poland where it is built is completed in 2008"](http://www.italiaspeed.com/2005/cars/fiat/11/1300_multijet/3011.html). *Italiaspeed*. Interfuture Media. 2005-12-18. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140222013053/http://www.italiaspeed.com/2005/cars/fiat/11/1300_multijet/3011.html) from the original on 2014-02-22. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Fiat, Suzuki ink pact for Multijet - News"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120731084158/http://www.autocarindia.com/News/287592,fiat-suzuki-ink-pact-for-multijet.aspx). Autocar India. 2012-01-19. 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