# Fatty aldehyde

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[[File:Dodecanal.svg|thumb|Chemical structure of the fatty aldehyde [dodecanal](/source/dodecanal)]]

'''Fatty aldehydes''' are [aliphatic](/source/Aliphatic_compound), long-chain [aldehyde](/source/aldehyde)s which may be mono- or [polyunsaturated](/source/Polyunsaturated_aldehyde). The fatty aldehydes include compounds such as [octanal](/source/octanal), [nonanal](/source/nonanal), [decanal](/source/decanal) or [dodecanal](/source/dodecanal). The nomenclature is derived from the nomenclature of the [alkane](/source/alkane)s, the ending ''-al'' is added to indicate the aldehyde group.

== Occurrence ==
Fatty aldehydes are a natural component of many [natural ingredients](/source/Natural_product) such as the [essential oil](/source/essential_oil)s of various citrus fruits. [Decanal](/source/Decanal), for example, is a component of orange peel.<ref>Kehai Liu, Qiulin Chen, Yanjun Liu, Xiaoyan Zhou, Xichang Wang: "Isolation and Biological Activities of Decanal, Linalool, Valencene, and Octanal from Sweet Orange Oil". In: ''Journal of Food Science'' 77, 2012, S.&nbsp;C1156–C1161, [doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02924.x](/source/doi%3A10.1111%2Fj.1750-3841.2012.02924.x).</ref> The [pheromone cocktails](/source/Pheromone) of various insect pheromones contain fatty aldehydes.<ref>Gerhard Kasang, Karl Ernst Kaißling, Otto Vostrowsky, Hans Jürgen Bestmann: "Bombykal, eine zweite Pheromonkomponente des Seidenspinners ''Bombyx mori&nbsp;L.''" In: ''Angewandte Chemie.'' 90, 1978, S.&nbsp;74–75, [doi:10.1002/ange.19780900132](/source/doi%3A10.1002%2Fange.19780900132).</ref> Fat aldehydes were also detected in the [heart muscle](/source/heart_muscle) of mammals.<ref>John R. Gilbertson et al.: "Natural occurrence of free fatty aldehydes in bovine cardiac muscle". In: ''Journal of Lipid Research'' 13.4 (1972): S.&nbsp;491–499.</ref>

== Preparation ==
Fatty aldehydes can be prepared by [dehydrogenation](/source/dehydrogenation) of [fatty alcohol](/source/fatty_alcohol)s on copper-zinc [catalysts](/source/Catalysis).<ref>{{Cite patent|country=DE|number=10044809|title= Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aldehyden|pubdate=2002-01-10|invent1= Albrecht Schwerin, Lothar Friesenhagen, Gerrit Pelzer, Bernhard Gutsche}}</ref> By the [hydroformylation](/source/hydroformylation) of [alkene](/source/alkene)s, fatty aldehydes are produced on a large industrial scale.<ref>Ernst Wiebus, Boy Cornils: "Die großtechnische Oxosynthese mit immobilisiertem Katalysator" In: ''Chemie Ingenieur Technik'' 66, 1994, S.&nbsp;916–923, [doi:10.1002/cite.330660704](/source/doi%3A10.1002%2Fcite.330660704).</ref>

== Use ==
A large proportion of the fatty aldehydes prepared by [hydroformylation](/source/hydroformylation) is directly processed further to [fatty alcohol](/source/fatty_alcohol)s. Many fatty aldehydes find use as a [fragrance](/source/fragrance) in perfume production. An example is [2-methylundecanal](/source/2-Methylundecanal) which is the typical odor component of [Chanel No. 5](/source/Chanel_No._5).<ref>{{cite web|title=Chemistry in its element - 2-Methylundecanal|url=http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/podcast/CIIEcompounds/transcripts/2-methylundecanal.asp|url-status=dead|accessdate=2014-06-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528084048/http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/podcast/CIIEcompounds/transcripts/2-methylundecanal.asp|archivedate=2014-05-28|language=German}}</ref> [Decanal](/source/Decanal), whose sweet, flowery odor reminiscents of orange peels, is used, among other things, as a [flavoring agent](/source/flavoring_agent) in the [food industry](/source/food_industry) and as a perfume in the [perfume industry](/source/Perfume_Industry).

==See also==
* [Fatty acid](/source/Fatty_acid)
* [Fatty alcohol](/source/Fatty_alcohol)

== References ==
<references />

Category:Fatty aldehydes
Category:Sweet-smelling chemicals

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Fatty aldehyde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_aldehyde) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_aldehyde?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.