# Fascia

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Layer of connective tissue in the body

For other uses, see [Fascia (disambiguation)](/source/Fascia_(disambiguation)).

This article uses [anatomical terminology](/source/Anatomical_terminology).

Fascia The rectus sheath (extensive vertical darker gray at left), an example of a fascia Details Precursor Mesenchyme Identifiers Latin fascia MeSH D005205 TA98 A04.0.00.031 TA2 2015 FMA 78550 Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

Microsopic image of a fascial structure ([nuchal ligament](/source/Nuchal_ligament))

A **fascia** ([/ˈfæʃ(i)ə/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English); pl.: **fasciae** [/ˈfæʃii/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) or **fascias**;[1] adjective **fascial**; from [Latin](/source/Latin_language) *fascia* 'band') is a generic term for [macroscopic](/source/Macroscopic_scale) [membranous](/source/Membranous_layer) bodily structures.[2]: 42 Fasciae are classified as superficial, visceral or [deep](/source/Deep_fascia), and further designated according to their anatomical location.[3]

The knowledge of fascial structures is essential in [surgery](/source/Surgery), as they create borders for infectious processes (for example [Psoas abscess](/source/Psoas_abscess)) and haematoma. An increase in pressure may result in a [compartment syndrome](/source/Compartment_syndrome), where a prompt [fasciotomy](/source/Fasciotomy) may be necessary. For this reason, profound descriptions of fascial structures are available in anatomical literature from the 19th century.

## Function

Fasciae were traditionally thought of as passive structures that transmit mechanical tension generated by muscular activities or external forces throughout the body. An important function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction of muscular force. In doing so, fasciae provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles.[4]

In the tradition of medical dissections it has been common practice to carefully clean muscles and other organs from their surrounding fasciae in order to study their detailed topography and function. However, this practice tends to ignore that many muscle fibers insert into their fascial envelopes and that the function of many organs is significantly altered when their related fasciae are removed.[5] This insight contributed to several modern biomechanical concepts of the human body, in which fascial tissues take over important stabilizing and connecting functions, by distributing tensional forces across several joints in a network-like manner similar to the architectural concept of [tensegrity](/source/Tensegrity).[6] Starting in 2018 this concept of the fascial tissue serving as a body-wide tensional support system has been successfully expressed as an educational model with the [Fascial Net Plastination Project](/source/Fascial_Net_Plastination_Project).

Fascial tissues – particularly those with tendinous or aponeurotic properties – are also able to store and release elastic potential energy.

Beyond storing and releasing elastic energy, fascial tissues contribute to proprioception and motor control through dense innervation with mechanoreceptors and nociceptors. Recent biomechanical studies also emphasize the role of fascial networks in distributing strain across multiple joints. This is an idea often framed as a body-wide tensegrity system, so that fascia participates dynamically in coordinated movement and postural stability.[7][8][*[failed verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability)*]

## Anatomical compartments

Main article: [Fascial compartment](/source/Fascial_compartment)

A [fascial compartment](/source/Fascial_compartment) is a section within the body that contains [muscles](/source/Muscles) and [nerves](/source/Nerves) and is surrounded by fascia. In the [human body](/source/Human_body), the [limbs](/source/Limb_(anatomy)) can each be divided into two segments. The [upper limb](/source/Upper_limb) can be divided into the [arm](/source/Arm) and the [forearm](/source/Forearm); their sectional compartments are the [fascial compartments of the arm](/source/Fascial_compartments_of_arm) and the [fascial compartments of the forearm](/source/Fascial_compartments_of_forearm), which both contain an anterior and a posterior compartment. The lower limbs can also be divided into two segments: the [leg](/source/Human_leg) and the [thigh](/source/Thigh); those contain the [fascial compartments of the leg](/source/Fascial_compartments_of_leg) and the [fascial compartments of the thigh](/source/Fascial_compartments_of_thigh) respectively.

		- Photo of cross-sectional slice from a [plastinated](/source/Plastinated) human thigh.

		- Schematic drawing of a transverse section of the thigh illustrating its fascial anatomy.

## Clinical significance

Fascia itself becomes clinically important when it loses stiffness, becomes too stiff, or has decreased shearing ability.[9] Fascial dysfunction has been implicated in a range of musculoskeletal pain syndromes, including myofascial pain [10] and some cases of chronic low back pain, where altered fascial gliding or adhesions may contribute to symptoms. Surgical disruption of fascial planes can produce postoperative adhesions and functional limitations. Rehabilitation approaches such as targeted physical therapy and myofascial release aim to restore fascial mobility and reduce pain, though high-quality randomized trials assessing long-term efficacy are limited.[11][12] When inflammatory [fasciitis](/source/Fasciitis) or trauma causes [fibrosis](/source/Fibrosis) and adhesions, fascial tissue fails to differentiate the adjacent structures effectively. This can happen after surgery, where the fascia has been incised and healing includes a [scar](/source/Scar) that traverses the surrounding structures.

## Research

Main article: [Fascial Net Plastination Project](/source/Fascial_Net_Plastination_Project)

The [Fascial Net Plastination Project](/source/Fascial_Net_Plastination_Project) (FNPP) is an anatomical research initiative spearheaded by fascia researcher [Robert Schleip](/source/Robert_Schleip). The project aims to enhance the study of fascia through the technique of [plastination](/source/Plastination). Led by an international team of fascia experts and anatomists, the FNPP resulted in the creation of a full-body fascia plastinate known as **FR:EIA** (Fascia Revealed: Educating Interconnected Anatomy).[13] This plastinate provides a detailed view of the human fascial network, allowing for a better understanding of its structure and function as an interconnected tissue throughout the body.

FR:EIA was unveiled at the 2021 [Fascia Research Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fascia_Research_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1) and is currently exhibited at the [Body Worlds](/source/Body_Worlds) exhibition in Berlin. This project represents a significant contribution to the visualization of fascia and has the potential to influence future research in fields such as medicine, physical therapy, and movement science.[13][14]

## Terminology

There exists some controversy about what structures are considered "fascia" and how they should be classified.[15][16]

The current version of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists divides into:[15]

- Fascia craniocervicalis

- Fascia trunci - Fascia parietalis - Fascia extraserosalis - Fascia visceralis

- Fasciae membrorum

- Fasciae musculorum - Fascia investiens - Fascia propria musculi

### Previous terminology

Two former, rather commonly used systems are:

- The one specified in the 1983 edition of *[Nomina Anatomica](/source/Nomina_Anatomica)* (NA 1983)

- The one specified in the 1997 edition of *[Terminologia Anatomica](/source/Terminologia_Anatomica)* (TA 1997)

NA 1983 TA 1997 Description Example Superficial fascia (not considered fascia in this system) This is found in the subcutis in most regions of the body, blending with the reticular layer of the dermis.[17] Fascia of Scarpa Deep fascia Fascia of muscles This is the dense fibrous connective tissue that interpenetrates and surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves and blood vessels of the body. Transverse fascia Visceral fascia Visceral fascia, parietal fascia This suspends the organs within their cavities and wraps them in layers of connective tissue membranes. Pericardium

#### Superficial

**Superficial fascia** is the lowermost layer of the [skin](/source/Human_skin) in nearly all of the regions of the [body](/source/Human_body), that blends with the [reticular dermis](/source/Reticular_dermis) layer.[18] It is present on the [face](/source/Face), over the upper portion of the [sternocleidomastoid](/source/Sternocleidomastoid), at the [nape](/source/Nape) of the [neck](/source/Neck) and overlying the [breastbone](/source/Human_sternum).[19] It consists mainly of loose [areolar](/source/Areolar_connective_tissue) and fatty [adipose](/source/Adipose) [connective tissue](/source/Connective_tissue) and is the layer that primarily determines the shape of a body.[*[medical citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine))*] In addition to its [subcutaneous](/source/Subcutaneous_tissue) presence, superficial fascia surrounds [organs](/source/Organ_(anatomy)), [glands](/source/Glands) and [neurovascular bundles](/source/Neurovascular_bundle), and fills otherwise empty space at many other locations. It serves as a storage medium of [fat](/source/Fat) and [water](/source/Water); as a passageway for [lymph](/source/Lymph), [nerve](/source/Nerve) and [blood vessels](/source/Blood_vessels); and as a protective padding to cushion and insulate.[20]

Superficial fascia is present, but does not contain fat, in the [eyelid](/source/Eyelid), [ear](/source/Ear), [scrotum](/source/Scrotum), [penis](/source/Human_penis) and [clitoris](/source/Clitoris).[21]

Due to its [viscoelastic](/source/Viscoelastic) properties, superficial fascia can stretch to accommodate the deposition of adipose that accompanies both ordinary and [prenatal](/source/Prenatal) weight gain. After [pregnancy](/source/Pregnancy) and weight loss, the superficial fascia slowly reverts to its original level of tension.

#### Visceral

**Visceral fascia** (also called **subserous fascia**) suspends the organs within their cavities and wraps them in layers of connective tissue [membranes](/source/Cell_membrane). Each of the organs is covered in a double layer of fascia; these layers are separated by a thin [serous membrane](/source/Serous_membrane).

- The outermost wall of the organ is known as the [parietal](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parietal) layer

- The skin of the organ is known as the [visceral](/source/Viscera) layer. The organs have specialized names for their visceral fasciae. In the brain, they are known as [meninges](/source/Meninges); in the heart they are known as [pericardia](/source/Pericardium); in the lungs, they are known as [pleurae](/source/Pleurae); and in the abdomen, they are known as [peritonea](/source/Peritoneum).[22]

Visceral fascia is less extensible than superficial fascia. Due to its suspensory role for the organs, it needs to maintain its tone rather consistently. If it is too lax, it contributes to organ [prolapse](/source/Prolapse), yet if it is [hypertonic](/source/Tonicity#Hypertonic_solution), it restricts proper organ [motility](/source/Motility).[23]

#### Deep

Main article: [Deep fascia](/source/Deep_fascia)

[Deep fascia](/source/Deep_fascia) is a layer of [dense fibrous connective tissue](/source/Dense_regular_connective_tissue) which surrounds individual [muscles](/source/Muscle) and divides groups of muscles into [fascial compartments](/source/Fascial_compartment). This fascia has a high density of [elastin](/source/Elastin) fibre that determines its [extensibility](/source/Extensibility) or resilience.[24] Deep fascia was originally considered to be essentially avascular but later investigations have confirmed a rich presence of thin blood vessels.[25] Deep fascia is also richly supplied with [sensory receptors](/source/Sensory_receptor).[26] Histologically, fascia is composed predominantly of type I collagen fibers with variable amounts of elastin, which together determine tensile strength and extensibility. Fibroblasts are the principal resident cells, and fascial tissue contains vascular elements (particularly in deep fascia), immune cells such as macrophages and mast cells, and a dense array of sensory nerve endings; these features enable fascia to participate in repair, inflammation, and nociception.[27][28] Examples of deep fascia are [fascia lata](/source/Fascia_lata), [fascia cruris](/source/Fascia_cruris), [brachial fascia](/source/Brachial_fascia), [plantar fascia](/source/Plantar_fascia), [thoracolumbar fascia](/source/Thoracolumbar_fascia) and [Buck's fascia](/source/Buck's_fascia).

## See also

- [Clavipectoral fascia](/source/Clavipectoral_fascia)

- [Endothoracic fascia](/source/Endothoracic_fascia)

- [Extracellular matrix](/source/Extracellular_matrix)

- [Fascia (architecture)](/source/Fascia_(architecture))

- [Interstitial cell](/source/Interstitial_cell)

- [Pectoral fascia](/source/Pectoral_fascia)

- [Thoracolumbar fascia](/source/Thoracolumbar_fascia)

- [Myofascial trigger point](/source/Myofascial_trigger_point)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-MW_1-0)** ["Definition of FASCIA"](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fascia). *www.merriam-webster.com*. Retrieved 12 August 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:2245_2-0)** Standring, Susan (2020). *Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice* (42nd ed.). New York: Elsevier. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-7020-7707-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-7707-4). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1201341621](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1201341621).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Gatt, Adrianna; Agarwal, Sanjay; Zito, Patrick M. (2023), ["Anatomy, Fascia Layers"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526038/), *StatPearls*, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [30252294](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30252294), retrieved 2023-05-16

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Faller, A.; Schuenke, M. (2004). *The Human Body*. [Thieme Medical Publishers](/source/Thieme_Medical_Publishers). p. 127.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FunctionalAtlas_5-0)** Stecco, Carla (2015). *Functional Atlas of the Human Fascial System*. Churchill Livingstone. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0702044304](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0702044304).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-TensionalNetwork_6-0)** Schleip, Robert (2022). *Fascia: The Tensional Network of the Human Body: The science and clinical applications in manual and movement therapy*. Elsevier. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0702071836](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0702071836).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Wilke2018_7-0)** Wilke J, et al. Fascial tissue research in sports medicine: from molecules to tissue adaptation, injury and diagnostics. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(23):1497–1505.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Schleip2012_8-0)** Schleip R, et al. Fascial plasticity – a new neurobiological explanation. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2012;16(1):77–91.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Klingler, W.; Velders, M.; Hoppe, K.; Pedro, M.; Schleip, R. (2014). "Clinical relevance of fascial tissue and dysfunctions". *Curr Pain Headache Rep*. **18** (8): 439. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s11916-014-0439-y](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11916-014-0439-y). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [24962403](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24962403). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [4217127](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4217127).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Gromakovskis, V (2025). ["Exploring fascia in myofascial pain syndrome: an integrative model of mechanisms"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12597954). *Frontiers in Pain Research*. **6** 1712242. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3389/fpain.2025.1712242](https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpain.2025.1712242). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [12597954](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12597954). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [41221343](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41221343).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Langevin2004_11-0)** Langevin HM, et al. Connective tissue: a body-wide signaling network? Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(5):849–853.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ajimsha2015_12-0)** Ajimsha MS, et al. Effectiveness of myofascial release in chronic low back pain. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-bodyworlds_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-bodyworlds_13-1) ["FR:EIA - Fascial Net Plastination Project"](https://bodyworlds.com/freia/). *Body Worlds*. Retrieved 2024-08-26.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-fasciaanatomylabs_14-0)** ["About Jihan Adem & Gary Carter - Fascia Focused Anatomy Labs"](https://www.fasciaanatomylabs.com). *fasciaanatomylabs.com*. Retrieved 2024-08-26.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_15-1) ["Terminologica anatomia humana. A04.0.00.031: fascia"](https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/04.0.00.031%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm). *ifaa.unifr.ch*. International Federation of Associations of Anatomists. 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2024-03-23.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Committee on Anatomical Termi, Federative (1998). *Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology*. Thieme Stuttgart. p. 33. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [3-13-114361-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-13-114361-4).It is acknowledged that the various definitions of fascia offered by recognised authorities do not enjoy universal agreement and all have varying deficiencies. These definitions currently fall short of an agreed, descriptive, fully embracing definition that would suit all interested medical agencies/researchers and allied disciplines (16).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Skandalakis, John E.; Skandalakis, P.N.; Skandalakis, L.J.; Skandalakis, J. (2002). *Surgical Anatomy and Technique, 2nd Ed*. Atlanta, GA: Springer. pp. 1–2. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-387-98752-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-98752-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Skandalakis, John E.; Skandalakis, P.N.; Skandalakis, L.J.; Skandalakis, J. (2002). *Surgical Anatomy and Technique, 2nd Ed*. Atlanta, GA: Springer. pp. 1–2. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-387-98752-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-98752-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Paoletti, Serge (2006). *The Fasciae: Anatomy, Dysfunction & Treatment*. Seattle, WA: Eastland Press. pp. 23–24. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-939616-53-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-939616-53-X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Hedley, Gil (2005). *Skin and Superficial fascia* (Video and DVD). The Integral Anatomy Series. Vol. 1. Integral Anatomy Productions – via YouTube. [Links to all volumes of *The Integral Anatomy Series*](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQRL-lRQdb5iiox5vBd8kfcXumHMYN2XU)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Norman Eizenberg, *General Anatomy:Principles and Applications* (2008), p 70.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Hedley, Gil (2005). *Cranial and Visceral Fasciae* (Video and DVD). The Integral Anatomy Series. Vol. 3. Integral Anatomy Productions – via YouTube. [Links to all volumes of *The Integral Anatomy Series*](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQRL-lRQdb5iiox5vBd8kfcXumHMYN2XU)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Paoletti, Serge (2006). *The Fasciae: Anatomy, Dysfunction & Treatment*. Seattle, WA: Eastland Press. pp. 146–147. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-939616-53-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-939616-53-X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Hedley, Gil (2005). *Deep Fascia and Muscle* (Video and DVD). The Integral Anatomy Series. Vol. 2. Integral Anatomy Productions – via YouTube. [Links to all volumes of *The Integral Anatomy Series*](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQRL-lRQdb5iiox5vBd8kfcXumHMYN2XU)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Stecco, Carla (2015). *Functional Atlas of the Human Fascial System*. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. p. 59. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-7020-4430-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7020-4430-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Schleip2003_26-0)** Schleip, Robert (2003). "Fascial plasticity – a new neurobiological explanation: Part 1". *Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies*. **7** (1): 11–9. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S1360-8592(02)00067-0](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1360-8592%2802%2900067-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Stecco2011_27-0)** Stecco C, Macchi V, Porzionato A, et al. The fascia: the forgotten structure. Ital J Anat Embryol. 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Yahia1992_28-0)** Yahia LH, et al. Sensory innervation of human thoracolumbar fascia. Acta Orthop Scand. 1992;63(2):195–197.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Fascia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fascia_(tissue)).

Look up ***[fascia](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/fascia)*** in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

- [Fascia Research](http://www.fasciaresearch.com/)

- [lesson1layersofbody](http://www.wesnorman.com/lesson1layersofbody.htm) at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)

v t e Male reproductive system Internal Seminal tract Testicles Layers Tunica vaginalis Tunica albuginea Tunica vasculosa Appendix Mediastinum Lobules Septa Leydig cells Sertoli cells Blood–testis barrier Spermatogenesis Spermatogonium Spermatocytogenesis Spermatocyte Spermatidogenesis Spermatid Spermiogenesis Spermatozoon Other Seminiferous tubules Tubuli seminiferi recti Retia testes Efferent ducts Epididymides Appendix Inferior ligaments Superior ligaments Stereocilia Paradidymides Spermatic cords Pampiniform plexus Vasa deferentia Ampullae Rectovesical pouch Testicular arteries Testicular veins Accessory glands Seminal vesicles Excretory duct Prostate Urethral crest Seminal colliculus Ejaculatory ducts Sinus Ducts Utricle Bulbourethral glands External Penis Root Crura Bulb Fundiform ligament Suspensory ligament Body Corpora cavernosa Trabeculae of corpora cavernosa Corpus spongiosum Trabeculae of corpus spongiosum Glans Foreskin Frenulum Corona Septum glandis Raphe Fascia Superficial Deep Tunica albuginea Septum Arteries Arteries of bulb Dorsal arteries Deep arteries Internal pudendal artery Veins Dorsal veins Vein of bulb Internal pudendal veins Nerves Dorsal nerves Pudendal nerves Urethra Internal urethral sphincter Internal urethral orifice Pre-prostatic Prostatic Intermediate Spongy External sphincter muscle Navicular fossa Lacuna magna External urethral orifice Lacunae of Morgagni Urethral glands Scrotum Layers Skin Dartos fascia External spermatic fascia Cremaster Cremasteric fascia Internal spermatic fascia Ligament Raphe Septum Arteries Anterior scrotal arteries Posterior scrotal arteries Nerves Anterior scrotal nerves Posterior scrotal nerves Perineal nerve Posterior scrotal veins

v t e Female reproductive system Internal Adnexa Ovaries Follicles Corpus Hemorrhagicum Luteum Albicans Thecae Externa Interna Follicular antrum Follicular fluid Corona radiata Zona pellucida Membrana granulosa Perivitelline space Other Germinal epithelium Tunica albuginea Cortex Cumulus oophorus Stroma Medulla Retia ovarii Oogenesis Oogonium Oocytogenesis Oocyte Ootidogenesis Ootid Ovum Fallopian tubes Isthmi Ampullae Infundibula Fimbriae Ostia Intramural segments Ligaments Ovarian ligaments Suspensory ligaments Pampiniform plexus Wolffian vestiges Gartner's ducts Epoophora Vesicular appendages Paroophora Uterus Regions Body Cavity Fundus Isthmus Cervix Canal Internal os External os Supravaginal portion Horns Layers Wall Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium Parametrium Epithelium Ligaments Round ligaments Broad ligaments Cardinal ligaments Uterosacral ligaments Pubocervical ligaments General Glands Urogenital diaphragm Vestibular glands Bartholin's glands Skene's glands Vagina Canal Rugae Walls Fornices Support structures Epithelium External Vulva Labia Mons pubis Labia majora Pudendal cleft Labiocrural folds Anterior commissure Posterior commissure Dartos muliebris Posterior labial nerves Anterior labial nerves Perineal nerve Labia minora Frenulum Posterior labial arteries Posterior labial veins Interlabial sulci Clitoris Root Crura Bulbs Suspensory ligament Fundiform ligament Body Corpora cavernosa Trabeculae of corpora cavernosa Infra-corporeal residual spongy part Angle Commissure of bulbs Pars intermedia Glans Corona Frenulum Arteries Dorsal arteries Deep arteries Arteries of bulbs Internal pudendal artery Veins Superficial dorsal veins Deep dorsal veins Veins of bulbs Internal pudendal veins Nerves Dorsal nerves Pudendal nerve Clitoral hood Fascia Tunica albuginea Septum Vestibule Fossa Vaginal orifice Hymen Vestibular gland openings Urethra External urethral orifice Blood supply Arteries Ovarian arteries Uterine artery Arcuate artery Vaginal artery Spiral arteries Veins Ovarian veins Uterine vein Uterine venous plexuses Vaginal venous plexus Other G-spot Urethral sponge Perineal sponge Rectouterine pouch Vesicouterine pouch Uterotubal junctions

v t e Muscular system Tissue Muscle tissue Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Fascia Superficial Deep Visceral Fascial compartment Arm Forearm Thigh Leg Tendon/Aponeurosis Shape Fusiform Pennate muscle Unipennate Bipennate Other Anatomical terms of muscle Origin Insertion List of muscles of the human body Composite muscle

v t e Muscles of the hip and human leg Iliac region Iliopsoas Psoas major/Psoas minor Iliacus Buttocks Gluteal muscles Maximus Medius Minimus Tensor fasciae latae Lateral rotator group: Quadratus femoris Inferior gemellus Superior gemellus Internal obturator External obturator Piriformis Thigh / compartments Anterior Sartorius Quadriceps Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Tensor vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Articularis genus Posterior Hamstring Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Medial Pectineus External obturator Gracilis Adductor Longus Brevis Magnus Minimus Fascia Femoral sheath Femoral canal Femoral ring Adductor canal Adductor hiatus Muscular lacuna Fascia lata Iliotibial tract Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh Medial intermuscular septum of thigh Cribriform fascia Leg/ compartments Anterior Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis (peroneus) tertius Posterior Superficial Triceps surae Gastrocnemius Soleus Accessory soleus Achilles tendon Plantaris Deep tarsal tunnel Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior Popliteus Lateral Fibularis (peroneus) muscles Longus Brevis Fascia Pes anserinus Intermuscular septa Anterior Posterior Transverse Foot Dorsal Extensor hallucis brevis Extensor digitorum brevis Plantar 1st layer Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi 2nd layer Quadratus plantae Lumbrical muscle 3rd layer Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis 4th layer Dorsal interossei Plantar interossei Fascia Plantar fascia retinacula Peroneal Inferior extensor Superior extensor Flexor

Authority control databases National Czech Republic Other Terminologia Anatomica

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Fascia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.