# Falling-out

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{{Short description|Loss of consciousness due to psychological stress}}
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{{missing information|comparison with [Syncope (medicine)](/source/Syncope_(medicine))|date=June 2015}}
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'''Falling-out''' is a [culture-bound syndrome](/source/culture-bound_syndrome) reported in [Latin America](/source/Latin_America) and the [Caribbean](/source/Caribbean) and usually brought on by stress.

== Nervous attack (ataque de nervios) or fainting ==
Falling-out is a cultural concept of distress,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition|publisher=American Psychiatric Pub.|year=2013}}</ref> which is the [DSM-5](/source/DSM-5)'s updated version of [culture-bound syndrome](/source/culture-bound_syndrome). Ataque de nervios is primarily reported in [Latin America](/source/Latin_America) and the [Caribbean](/source/Caribbean). It is described as a constricted consciousness as a psychological response to anxiety and specific stressors.

=== Common symptoms ===
A few symptoms that have been reported are attacks or fits of crying, verbal or physical aggression, uncontrollable shouting, trembling, and the feeling of heat rising throughout the body.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Treatment (US)|first=Center for Substance Abuse|date=2014|title=[Table], DSM-5 Cultural Concepts of Distress|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK248426/table/appe.t1/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en}}</ref> Individuals who consistently experience these episodes can feel it coming. It normally consists of feeling lightheaded, dizzy, unsteady when standing, and experiencing changes in vision.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Syncope: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17536-syncope|access-date=2021-11-22|website=Cleveland Clinic}}</ref>

=== Possible causes ===
In most cases, ataques de nervios are directly related to stress and family, such as divorce, death of a loved one, or witnessing/experiencing a traumatic event.<ref name=":0" /> The medical term for fainting, or ataques de nervios, is [syncope](/source/syncope_(medicine)), which happens when the brain does not receive enough oxygen and there is a brief decrease of blood flowing to the brain. Situational syncope occurs when situations affect the nervous system, such as anxiety, fear, pain, dehydration, hyperventilation, and the use of alcohol or drugs.<ref name=":1" /> The body falls to the ground when one faints or has a blackout because it makes it easier for oxygenated blood to reach the brain.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Fainting {{!}} Syncope {{!}} Passing Out {{!}} Symptoms, Treatment and Causes|url=https://patient.info/signs-symptoms/dizziness/fainting-collapse|access-date=2021-11-22|website=patient.info|language=en}}</ref>

=== Possible treatments ===
Ataque de nervios has been treated as a panic or anxiety disorder, and is treated with [cognitive behavior therapy](/source/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy). This method of treatment helps the individual identify what is triggering their episodes, which gives them an idea of what they need to avoid. In addition, cognitive behavior therapy will provide individuals with coping mechanisms to use while their episode is occurring. If an individual feels like they are about to faint during their episode, the best preventative approach is to lie down with their legs elevated above their head, or to squat down on their heels.<ref name=":2" />

==See also==
* [Conversion disorder](/source/Conversion_disorder)
* [Greyout](/source/Greyout)
* [Non-epileptic attack disorder](/source/Non-epileptic_attack_disorder)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Culture-bound syndromes
Category:Culture of the Caribbean

Category:Cognitive behavioral therapy
Category:Culture of Latin America

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Falling-out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling-out) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling-out?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.