# Fagraea

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***Fagraea*** is a genus of [plants](/source/Plant) in the family [Gentianaceae](/source/Gentianaceae).[1] It includes [trees](/source/Tree), [shrubs](/source/Shrub), [lianas](/source/Liana), and [epiphytes](/source/Epiphyte). They can be found in forests, swamps, and other habitat in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, with the [center of diversity](/source/Center_of_diversity) in [Malesia](/source/Malesia).[2]

Many *Fagraea* species have a variety of human uses, particularly the wood and flowers. The flowers open in the evening and are often fragrant and bat-pollinated. They are so conspicuous they have roles in [Polynesian mythology](/source/Polynesian_mythology). They make the trees attractive as [ornamental plantings](/source/Ornamental_plant). Some are used in [leis](/source/Lei_(garland)). *[Fagraea auriculata](/source/Fagraea_auriculata)* produces a flower over 30 centimeters wide, one of the largest flowers of any plant in the world. Many species, especially the Malesian taxa, have valuable wood. It was used to carve [tikis](/source/Tiki). Some have been used in [traditional medicine](/source/Traditional_medicine), [perfumery](/source/Perfume), and [aromatherapy](/source/Aromatherapy). The flowers are featured in the traditional artwork of various cultures.[2]

The fruits are food for many animals, including [cassowaries](/source/Cassowary), [flying foxes](/source/Pteropus), and [civets](/source/Civet).[2]

## Species

As of May 2023, [Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online) accepts the following 65 species:[3]

- *[Fagraea acutibracteata](/source/Fagraea_acutibracteata)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea amabilis](/source/Fagraea_amabilis)* S.Moore
- *[Fagraea annulata](/source/Fagraea_annulata)* Hiern
- *[Fagraea auriculata](/source/Fagraea_auriculata)* Jack
- *[Fagraea berteroana](/source/Fagraea_berteroana)* A.Gray ex Benth.
- *[Fagraea blumei](/source/Fagraea_blumei)* G.Don
- *[Fagraea bodenii](/source/Fagraea_bodenii)* Wernham
- *[Fagraea borneensis](/source/Fagraea_borneensis)* Scheff.
- *[Fagraea cambagei](/source/Fagraea_cambagei)* Domin
- *[Fagraea cameronensis](/source/Fagraea_cameronensis)* K.M.Wong & Sugumaran
- *[Fagraea carnosa](/source/Fagraea_carnosa)* Jack
- *[Fagraea carstensensis](/source/Fagraea_carstensensis)* Wernham
- *[Fagraea ceilanica](/source/Fagraea_ceilanica)* Thunb.
- *[Fagraea coromandelina](/source/Fagraea_coromandelina)* Wight
- *[Fagraea crassifolia](/source/Fagraea_crassifolia)* Blume
- *[Fagraea curtisii](/source/Fagraea_curtisii)* King & Gamble
- *[Fagraea dasyantha](/source/Fagraea_dasyantha)* Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- *[Fagraea dolichopoda](/source/Fagraea_dolichopoda)* Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- *[Fagraea dulitensis](/source/Fagraea_dulitensis)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea epiphytica](/source/Fagraea_epiphytica)* Elmer
- *[Fagraea euneura](/source/Fagraea_euneura)* Scheff.
- *[Fagraea eymae](/source/Fagraea_eymae)* Backer ex Leenh.
- *[Fagraea fagraeacea](/source/Fagraea_fagraeacea)* (F.Muell.) Druce
- *[Fagraea fastigiata](/source/Fagraea_fastigiata)* Blume
- *[Fagraea floribunda](/source/Fagraea_floribunda)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea fraserensis](/source/Fagraea_fraserensis)* K.M.Wong & Sugumaran
- *[Fagraea gardeniiflora](/source/Fagraea_gardeniiflora)* Wernham
- *[Fagraea gardenioides](/source/Fagraea_gardenioides)* Ridl.
- *[Fagraea gitingensis](/source/Fagraea_gitingensis)* Elmer
- *[Fagraea graciliflora](/source/Fagraea_graciliflora)* Leenh.
- *[Fagraea gracilipes](/source/Fagraea_gracilipes)* A.Gray
- *[Fagraea havilandii](/source/Fagraea_havilandii)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea iliasii](/source/Fagraea_iliasii)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea imperialis](/source/Fagraea_imperialis)* Miq.
- *[Fagraea involucrata](/source/Fagraea_involucrata)* Merr.
- *[Fagraea kalimantanensis](/source/Fagraea_kalimantanensis)* (Leenh.) K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea kinabaluensis](/source/Fagraea_kinabaluensis)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea kinghamii](/source/Fagraea_kinghamii)* K.M.Wong & Sugumaran
- *[Fagraea kuminii](/source/Fagraea_kuminii)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea larutensis](/source/Fagraea_larutensis)* Sugumaran
- *[Fagraea latibracteata](/source/Fagraea_latibracteata)* Sugumaran
- *[Fagraea litoralis](/source/Fagraea_litoralis)* Blume
- *[Fagraea longiflora](/source/Fagraea_longiflora)* Merr.
- *[Fagraea longipetiolata](/source/Fagraea_longipetiolata)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea macroscypha](/source/Fagraea_macroscypha)* Baker
- *[Fagraea megalantha](/source/Fagraea_megalantha)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea oblonga](/source/Fagraea_oblonga)* King & Gamble
- *[Fagraea obtusifolia](/source/Fagraea_obtusifolia)* Merr. & L.M.Perry
- *[Fagraea oreophila](/source/Fagraea_oreophila)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea plumeriiflora](/source/Fagraea_plumeriiflora)* DC.
- *[Fagraea pyriformis](/source/Fagraea_pyriformis)* S.Moore
- *[Fagraea rarissima](/source/Fagraea_rarissima)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea renae](/source/Fagraea_renae)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea resinosa](/source/Fagraea_resinosa)* Leenh.
- *[Fagraea ridleyi](/source/Fagraea_ridleyi)* King & Gamble
- *[Fagraea salticola](/source/Fagraea_salticola)* Leenh.
- *[Fagraea splendens](/source/Fagraea_splendens)* Blume
- *[Fagraea stonei](/source/Fagraea_stonei)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea tacapala](/source/Fagraea_tacapala)* Leenh.
- *[Fagraea ternatana](/source/Fagraea_ternatana)* Miq.
- *[Fagraea truncata](/source/Fagraea_truncata)* Blume
- *[Fagraea tubulosa](/source/Fagraea_tubulosa)* Blume
- *[Fagraea tuyukii](/source/Fagraea_tuyukii)* K.M.Wong & Sugau
- *[Fagraea umbelliflora](/source/Fagraea_umbelliflora)* Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- *[Fagraea woodiana](/source/Fagraea_woodiana)* F.Muell.

## Formerly placed here

- *Fagraea fragrans* , now *[Cyrtophyllum fragrans](/source/Cyrtophyllum_fragrans)* [4]
- *Fagraea malayana* , now *[Utania racemosa](/source/Utania_racemosa)* [5]
- *Fagraea peregrina* , now *[Cyrtophyllum fragrans](/source/Cyrtophyllum_fragrans)* [4]
- *Fagraea racemosa* , now *[Utania racemosa](/source/Utania_racemosa)* [5]
- *Fagraea ridleyi* , now *[Cyrtophyllum fragrans](/source/Cyrtophyllum_fragrans)* [4]
- *Fagraea thwaitesii* , now *[Utania racemosa](/source/Utania_racemosa)* [5]

## References

1. Backlund, M., et al. (2000). [Phylogenetic relationships within the Gentianales based on NDHF and RBCL sequences, with particular reference to the Loganiaceae.](https://web.archive.org/web/20010427032141/http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/87/7/1029) *American Journal of Botany* 87 1029-43.

1. Motley, T. J. (2004). [The ethnobotany of *Fagraea* Thunb.(Gentianaceae): The timber of Malesia and the scent of Polynesia.](https://web.archive.org/web/20110912124918/http://sci.odu.edu/biology/directory/Motley_files/publications/Fagraea_Motley2004.pdf) *Economic Botany* 58(3) 396-409.

1. ["*Fagraea* Thunb."](http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:25059-1). *Plants of the World Online (POWO)*. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 May 2023.

1. ["*Cyrtophyllum fragrans* (Roxb.) D.C."](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:546043-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew). Retrieved 9 May 2023.

1. ["*Utania racemosa* (Jack ex Wall.) Sugumaran"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77140741-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew). Retrieved 9 May 2023.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Fagraea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagraea) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagraea?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.