# FS Class 745

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FS Class 745 Type and origin Power type Steam Builder Ernesto Breda (23), Gio. Ansaldo & C. (50) Build date 1914–1923 Total produced 73 Specifications Configuration: ​ • Whyte 2-8-0 • UIC 1′D h2 Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge Leading dia. 960 mm (3 ft 1+3⁄4 in) Driver dia. 1,630 mm (5 ft 4+1⁄8 in) Length 11,615 mm (38 ft 1+1⁄4 in) Axle load 14.4 tonnes (14.2 long tons; 15.9 short tons) Loco weight 68.5 tonnes (67.4 long tons; 75.5 short tons) Tender weight 45.6 tonnes (44.9 long tons; 50.3 short tons) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 6,000 kg (13,000 lb) Water cap. 18,000 litres (4,000 imp gal; 4,800 US gal) Firebox: ​ • Grate area 3.5 m2 (38 sq ft) Boiler pressure 12 kg/cm2 (11.8 bar; 171 psi) Heating surface 191.7 m2 (2,063 sq ft) Superheater: ​ • Heating area 50.5 m2 (544 sq ft) Cylinders Two, simple Cylinder size 600 mm × 720 mm (23+5⁄8 in × 28+3⁄8 in) Valve gear Walschaerts Performance figures Maximum speed 75 km/h (47 mph) Power output 1,250 CV (919 kW; 1,230 hp) at 55 km/h (34 mph) Tractive effort 14,500 kgf (142 kN; 32,000 lbf)

The [Ferrovie dello Stato](/source/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane) (FS; Italian State Railways) **Class 745** was a class of [2-8-0](/source/2-8-0) 'Consolidation' steam locomotives.

## Design and construction

The Class 745 was designed to meet the need for a low axle-load locomotive capable of providing adequate motive power on the [Salerno–Reggio di Calabria railway](/source/Salerno%E2%80%93Reggio_di_Calabria_railway), a curvy line with some severe inclines, whose importance had increased with the [Italo-Turkish War](/source/Italo-Turkish_War) of 1911-2, but whose antiquated infrastructures tolerated only a 14.4 t [axle load](/source/Axle_load). Locomotives such as the [2-6-0](/source/2-6-0) [Class 600](/source/FS_Class_600) and [Class 625](/source/FS_Class_625) then used were struggling with the increasing loads even when [double heading](/source/Double_heading); the 2-8-0 [Class 730](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FS_Class_730&action=edit&redlink=1) and [Class 740](/source/FS_Class_740) would have had the required tractive effort and moderate axle load, but had a limited top speed, while faster locomotives such as the [2-6-2](/source/2-6-2) [Class 680](/source/FS_Class_680) and [Class 685](/source/FS_Class_685) had an excessive axle load, and not enough tractive effort. Therefore, the design effort focused on a 2-8-0 locomotive with larger driving wheels and a relatively large boiler.[1][2]

The Class 745 sported 1,630 mm (64.17 in) driving wheels, the same as the Class 625, as well as the [Italian bogie](/source/Krauss-Helmholtz_bogie#Italian_bogie); from those, it also borrowed the peculiar engine layout, with two inside cylinders with outside steam chests and valve gear, to keep the weight down. However, this arrangement ended up being the Achilles' heel of the locomotive, as the cramped arrangement (with the driving rod linked to the second coupled axle, being therefore rather short) causing the bearings to often run hot. The tender provided was the standard FS bogie tender, but to avoid problems with the lightweight bridges on the line they would serve the water capacity was reduced to 18,000 litres (4,000 imp gal; 4,800 US gal); in the following years, as the line's infrastructure was improved, the capacity would be raised to the standard 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal).[3][2]

The first batch of twelve locomotives was outshopped by [Gio. Ansaldo & C.](/source/Gio._Ansaldo_%26_C.) and [Ernesto Breda](/source/Societ%C3%A0_Italiana_Ernesto_Breda) between 1913 and 1914; another 36 locomotives would be built by Ansaldo in 1919, while a final 25 locomotives were built between 1922 and 1923 by the two firms, with the latter batch having left-handed drive as opposed to the previous right-hand drive.[4]

## Operational history

The Class 745 helped obviate the need for motive power on the [Tyrrhenian](/source/Tyrrhenian_Sea) railway, especially on the 1-in-43.5 incline between [Agropoli](/source/Agropoli) and [Vallo della Lucania](/source/Vallo_della_Lucania), as well as on the [Reggio Calabria](/source/Reggio_Calabria)-[Taranto](/source/Taranto) line, although with time the increased loads on the former eventually forced to resort to double-heading for the heaviest trains; for this reason, the FS [electrified](/source/Railway_electrification_system) the line in 1935. The Class 745 was transferred in sheds such as [Ancona](/source/Ancona), [Naples](/source/Naples) and [Udine](/source/Udine); the last ones were assigned to [Padua](/source/Padua) till the mid-1960s, when they were scrapped. None survived into preservation.[5][6]

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Cornolò, p. 398-400

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalla-Bishop198674_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalla-Bishop198674_2-1) [Kalla-Bishop (1986)](#CITEREFKalla-Bishop1986), p. 74.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Cornolò, p. 400-2

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Cornolò, p. 401

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Cornolò, p. 401-2

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalla-Bishop198674–75_6-0)** [Kalla-Bishop (1986)](#CITEREFKalla-Bishop1986), pp. 74–75.

## Bibliography

- Cornolò, Giovanni (July 2014). "Locomotive a vapore". *TuttoTreno* (3).

- Kalla-Bishop, P. M. (1986). *Italian State Railways Steam Locomotives*. Abingdon: Tourret Publishing. pp. 74–75. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-905878-03-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-905878-03-5).

v t e Classes of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane locomotives Steam Tender locomotives 100 102 103 110I 110II 111 112 113 114 116 117 118 119I 119II 120 121 122 136 139 140 150 155 158 160 161 162 163 164 170 180 181I 181II 182I 182II 183 185 186 187 190 193 194 195 196 197 198 200 201 206 207 208 209 211 212 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 255 260 261 262 265 268 269 270 271 272 290 291 292 293 310 320 380 385 388 390 391 394 395 396 397 400 410 420 421 422 423 424 425 450 451 452 453 454 455 460 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 482 499I 499II 500 510 512 513 530 540I 540II 542 543 545 550 552 553 554 555 556 560 600 601 603 604 605 606 607 623 625 626 630 640I 640II 645 650 652 653 656 660 666 670 671 672 675 676 677 680 681 682 683I 683II 685 686 687 688 690I 690II 691 720 728 729 730 731 735 736 737 740 741I 741II 743I 743II 744 745 746 747I 747II 750 Tank locomotives 800I 800II 801 802I 802II 803I 803II 804 805 806 809 810I 810II 811 812 813 814 815I 815II 815III 816 817 818 819 820I 820II 821I 821II 822 823 824 825 826I 826II 827 828I 828II 828III 829 830I 830II 831 835 842 848 849 850I 850II 851 870 871 874I 874II 875 876 877 880I 880II 881 882 885 893 894 895 896I 896II 897 898 899I 899II 900 902 904 905 906 910 912 915 940 950 980 981 999 Narrow gauge locomotives R.201 R.202 R.300 R.301 R.302 R.305 R.306 R.310 R.370 R.401 R.402 R.410 R.440 R.441 R.442 R.443 R.600 P U Electric Rechargeable battery E.421 650 V DC Third rail E.220 E.320 E.321 E.420 E.620 3,6 kV AC Three-Phase E.330 E.331 E.332 E.333 E.360 E.380 E.390 E.430 E.431 E.432 E.550 E.551 E.552 E.554 10,6 kV AC Three-Phase E.470 E.471 E.472 E.570 3 kV DC E.321 E.322 E.323 E.324 E.326 E.400 E.402A E.402B E.403 E.404 E.405 E.412 E.414 E.424 E.428 E.434 E.444 E.444R E.447 E.453 E.454 E.464 E.621 E.625 E.626 E.632 E.633 E.636 E.640 E.645 E.646 E.652 E.655 E.656 25 kV AC E.491 E.492 Diesel Light shunters 206 207 208I 208II 209 210 211 R.212 213I 213II 214 215 216 218I Shunters 218II 225 234 235 236 245 250 255 Heavy shunters Ne 120 D.141 RD.142 D.143 D.145 D.146 D.147 356 372 Ne 700 Train locomotives D.341 D.342 D.343 D.345 D.442 D.443 D.445 D.449 D.461 see also Category:Rolling stock of Italy

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [FS Class 745](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FS_Class_745) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FS_Class_745?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.