# FS Class 470 > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/FS_Class_470 > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/FS_Class_470.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FS_Class_470 > Source revision: 1274726714 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) FS Class 470 FS locomotive 470.092 as preserved Type and origin Power type Steam Builder Maffei (64), Officine Meccaniche (52), Ernesto Breda (10), Officine Meccaniche e Navali di Napoli (17) Build date 1907–1911 Total produced 143 Specifications Configuration: ​ • Whyte 0-10-0 • UIC E n4v Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) Driver dia. 1,370 mm (53.94 in) Length 12,475 mm (40 ft 11.1 in) Axle load 15.1 tonnes (14.9 long tons; 16.6 short tons) Loco weight 74.8 tonnes (73.6 long tons; 82.5 short tons) Tender weight 27.6 tonnes (27.2 long tons; 30.4 short tons) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 5,600 kg (12,300 lb) Water cap. 13,000 litres (2,860 imp gal; 3,430 US gal) Firebox: ​ • Grate area 3.5 m2 (38 sq ft) Boiler pressure 16 kg/cm2 (1.57 MPa; 228 psi) Heating surface 212.57 m2 (2,288.1 sq ft) Cylinders Four (compound) High-pressure cylinder 375 mm × 650 mm (14.76 in × 25.59 in) Low-pressure cylinder 610 mm × 650 mm (24.02 in × 25.59 in) Valve gear Walschaerts Performance figures Maximum speed 50 km/h (31 mph) Power output 736 kW (987 hp) at 30 km/h (19 mph) Tractive effort 14,200 kgf (139 kN; 31,300 lbf) The [Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane](/source/Ferrovie_dello_Stato_Italiane) (FS; Italian State Railways) **Class 470** (Italian: *Gruppo 470*) is a [0-10-0](/source/0-10-0) steam locomotive. ## Design and construction The Class 470 locomotive was one of twelve standard designs developed by the FS right after their institution, and was intended for heavy mountain work. The two extreme axles were given a lateral play of 40 millimetres (1.6 in) and the central wheels were without [flanges](/source/Flange), to allow the locomotive to deal even with sharp curves. The boiler was common with that of the [FS Class 680](/source/FS_Class_680), as was the four-cylinder compound [Plancher engine](/source/Compound_locomotive#Plancher), in which the two high pressure (HP) and the two low pressure (LP) cylinders were respectively grouped together, with each pair being served by a single piston valve via a crossed port arrangement.[1][2] The Class 470 was unusual in its appearance because the coal reserves were carried on board it, on the left side of the fully enclosed cab, while the water was carried by a separate tender; this has led some to define them as "semi-tank locomotives".[3][2] The Class 470 was built between 1907 and 1911 by [Maffei](/source/Maffei_(company)) (64 locomotives, 1907–09), [Officine Meccaniche](/source/Officine_Meccaniche) (52, 1908–11), [Ernesto Breda](/source/Ernesto_Breda) (10, 1909) and [Officine Meccaniche e Navali di Napoli](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Officine_Meccaniche_e_Navali_di_Napoli&action=edit&redlink=1) (17, 1909–12), for a total of 143 locomotives.[1][4] P. M. Kalla-Bishop suggested that the [Midland Railway 0-10-0 "Lickey Banker"](/source/MR_0-10-0_Lickey_Banker), which shared with the Class 470 the wheelbase and the crossed port arrangement, may have been inspired by it, as a complete sets of drawings of the Italian locomotive were stored at Derby.[2] ## Modifications ### Classes 471 and 472 From 1918 until the 1930s, all but 14 of the Class 470 were rebuilt with a [superheater](/source/Superheater) and reclassified as the **Class 471** (while keeping their old running numbers, e.g. the 470.018 became 471.018). From 1924 some of the rebuilt locomotives (24 in total) were also given enlarged HP cylinders of 400 mm (16 in) diameter, and were initially reclassified as **Class 472**; from 1930, however, these were renumbered in the Class 471 as the subclass **471.2XX**. In total, 105 Class 471 and 24 Class 472 locomotives were rebuilt.[5][6] 109 of the rebuilt 471 and 472 locomotives were also altered from their original semi-tank condition to orthodox tender locomotives, being fitted tenders of the extinct [FS Class 290](/source/FS_Class_290), with a capacity of 6,000 kg (13,000 lb) of coal and 15,000 L (4,000 US gal) of water; later, tenders previously allocated to the [FS Class 730](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FS_Class_730&action=edit&redlink=1), with a capacity of 20,000 L (5,300 US gal) of water, were also fitted to some locomotives.[7][4] ## Operation Nicknamed "*crematorium*" by their crews (because of the fully enclosed cab, which made the work environment very hot and uncomfortable for the crews), the Class 470 and 471 locomotives served on steep mountain railways throughout Italy for all of their career, with some being assigned to passenger and freight work on important railways such as the [Turin-Genoa railway](/source/Turin-Genoa_railway#Arquata-Busalla-Genoa), the [Porrettana railway](/source/Porrettana_railway), the [Turin-Modane railway](/source/Turin-Modane_railway) and others. However, the Class 470 had the dubious honour of being the first Italian steam locomotive to be displaced from a main line by electrification, as in 1907 work on the Giovi section of the Turin-Genoa railway began, with the first tests running in June 1910; on the 3.5% (1 in 28½) steep incline, compared with the [Class E.550](/source/FS_Class_E.550), the Class 470 was completely outperformed by the smaller and lighter electric locomotive, only managing to pull 170 t at 25 km/h (16 mph), while the latter managed to pull 190 t at 50 km/h (31 mph), while eliminating issues such as most physical effort and smoke in tunnels. This meant that major summit lines would be among the first targets for further electrifications, and the Class 470 were gradually relegated to secondary lines.[8] The few unrebuilt Class 470 survived until the early 1960s. The last Class 471 locomotives were withdrawn in the early 1970s from service on the [Sulmona](/source/Sulmona)-[Terni](/source/Terni) railway.[9][6] ## Preservation One Class 470 locomotive survived into preservation, the 470.092, currently preserved as a static exhibit in the [Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci"](/source/Museo_Nazionale_della_Scienza_e_della_Tecnologia_%22Leonardo_da_Vinci%22) of Milan. ## References Wikimedia Commons has media related to [FS 470](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:FS_470). 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornolò2014198_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornolò2014198_1-1) [Cornolò 2014](#CITEREFCornolò2014), p. 198. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalla-Bishop198635_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalla-Bishop198635_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalla-Bishop198635_2-2) [Kalla-Bishop 1986](#CITEREFKalla-Bishop1986), p. 35. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornolò2014199_3-0)** [Cornolò 2014](#CITEREFCornolò2014), p. 199. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalla-Bishop198636_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalla-Bishop198636_4-1) [Kalla-Bishop 1986](#CITEREFKalla-Bishop1986), p. 36. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornolò2014202–206_5-0)** [Cornolò 2014](#CITEREFCornolò2014), pp. 202–206. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalla-Bishop198635–36_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalla-Bishop198635–36_6-1) [Kalla-Bishop 1986](#CITEREFKalla-Bishop1986), pp. 35–36. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornolò2014207_7-0)** [Cornolò 2014](#CITEREFCornolò2014), p. 207. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Pedrazzini, p. 61-94 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECornolò2014200–201_9-0)** [Cornolò 2014](#CITEREFCornolò2014), pp. 200–201. ## Bibliography - Cornolò, Giovanni (May 2014). "Locomotive a vapore". *TuttoTreno* (2). - Kalla-Bishop, P. M. (1986). *Italian state railways steam locomotives : together with low-voltage direct current and three-phase motive power*. Abingdon: Tourret Publishing. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0905878035](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0905878035). - Pedrazzini, Claudio (2017). *Storia dell'elettrificazione e dei locomotori trifasi F.S*. Brescia: Club Fermodellistico Bresciano. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788894204070](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788894204070). v t e Classes of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane locomotives Steam Tender locomotives 100 102 103 110I 110II 111 112 113 114 116 117 118 119I 119II 120 121 122 136 139 140 150 155 158 160 161 162 163 164 170 180 181I 181II 182I 182II 183 185 186 187 190 193 194 195 196 197 198 200 201 206 207 208 209 211 212 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 255 260 261 262 265 268 269 270 271 272 290 291 292 293 310 320 380 385 388 390 391 394 395 396 397 400 410 420 421 422 423 424 425 450 451 452 453 454 455 460 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 482 499I 499II 500 510 512 513 530 540I 540II 542 543 545 550 552 553 554 555 556 560 600 601 603 604 605 606 607 623 625 626 630 640I 640II 645 650 652 653 656 660 666 670 671 672 675 676 677 680 681 682 683I 683II 685 686 687 688 690I 690II 691 720 728 729 730 731 735 736 737 740 741I 741II 743I 743II 744 745 746 747I 747II 750 Tank locomotives 800I 800II 801 802I 802II 803I 803II 804 805 806 809 810I 810II 811 812 813 814 815I 815II 815III 816 817 818 819 820I 820II 821I 821II 822 823 824 825 826I 826II 827 828I 828II 828III 829 830I 830II 831 835 842 848 849 850I 850II 851 870 871 874I 874II 875 876 877 880I 880II 881 882 885 893 894 895 896I 896II 897 898 899I 899II 900 902 904 905 906 910 912 915 940 950 980 981 999 Narrow gauge locomotives R.201 R.202 R.300 R.301 R.302 R.305 R.306 R.310 R.370 R.401 R.402 R.410 R.440 R.441 R.442 R.443 R.600 P U Electric Rechargeable battery E.421 650 V DC Third rail E.220 E.320 E.321 E.420 E.620 3,6 kV AC Three-Phase E.330 E.331 E.332 E.333 E.360 E.380 E.390 E.430 E.431 E.432 E.550 E.551 E.552 E.554 10,6 kV AC Three-Phase E.470 E.471 E.472 E.570 3 kV DC E.321 E.322 E.323 E.324 E.326 E.400 E.402A E.402B E.403 E.404 E.405 E.412 E.414 E.424 E.428 E.434 E.444 E.444R E.447 E.453 E.454 E.464 E.621 E.625 E.626 E.632 E.633 E.636 E.640 E.645 E.646 E.652 E.655 E.656 25 kV AC E.491 E.492 Diesel Light shunters 206 207 208I 208II 209 210 211 R.212 213I 213II 214 215 216 218I Shunters 218II 225 234 235 236 245 250 255 Heavy shunters Ne 120 D.141 RD.142 D.143 D.145 D.146 D.147 356 372 Ne 700 Train locomotives D.341 D.342 D.343 D.345 D.442 D.443 D.445 D.449 D.461 see also Category:Rolling stock of Italy --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [FS Class 470](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FS_Class_470) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FS_Class_470?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.