# Exter Formation

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The **Exter Formation** is the only formation of the Upper [Keuper](/source/Keuper) or Rhätsandstein, and is a [geologic formation](/source/Formation_(geology)) in [Germany](/source/Germany). It preserves [fossils](/source/Fossils) dating back to the [Rhaetian](/source/Rhaetian) of the [Triassic](/source/Triassic) period (specifically around 205 Ma).[1][2]

## Fossil content

The formation has provided fossils of:[1][2]

### Mammals

- *[Thomasia antiqua](/source/Thomasia_(animal))*
- [Haramiyidae indet.](/source/Haramiyidae)

### Therapsids

- *[Chalepotherium plieningeri](/source/Chalepotherium)*

### Reptiles

- *["Ichthyosaurus" rhaeticus](/source/Ichthyosaurus)*
- *[Megalosaurus cloacinus](/source/Megalosaurus)*
- *[Nothosaurus cloacinus](/source/Nothosaurus)*
- *[Phytosaurus cubicodon](/source/Phytosaurus)*?
- *[Phytosaurus cylindricodon](/source/Phytosaurus)*?
- *[Plateosaurus ornatus](/source/Plateosaurus)*
- *[Rhaeticosaurus mertensi](/source/Rhaeticosaurus)*[3]
- *[Termatosaurus albertii](/source/Termatosaurus)*
- *[Termatosaurus crocodilinus](/source/Termatosaurus)*
- *[Plateosaurus sp.](/source/Plateosaurus)*[4]
- [Plesiosauria indet.](/source/Plesiosauria)

### Fish

- *[Ceratodus cloacinus](/source/Ceratodus_(genus))*
- *[C. heteromorphus](/source/Ceratodus_(genus))*
- *[C. parvus](/source/Ceratodus_(genus))*
- *[C. trapezoides](/source/Ceratodus_(genus))*
- *[Hybodus cloacinus](/source/Hybodus)*
- *[H. sublaevis](/source/Hybodus)*
- *[Lissodus minimus](/source/Lissodus)*
- *[Nemacanthus monilifer](/source/Nemacanthus)*
- *[Sargodon tomicus](/source/Sargodon)*
- *[Acrodus sp.](/source/Acrodus)*
- *[Asterolepis sp.](/source/Asterolepis_(fish))*
- *[Raja sp.](/source/Ray_(fish))*

### Insects

- *[Triassothemis gartzii](/source/Triassothemis)*[5]

### Flora

- *[Becklesia franconica](/source/Becklesia)*[6]

## See also

- [List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany](/source/List_of_fossiliferous_stratigraphic_units_in_Germany)

## References

1. [Exter Formation](https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayStrata?geological_group=&formation=Exter&group_formation_member=Exter) at [Fossilworks](/source/Fossilworks).org

1. [Rhätkeuper](https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayStrata?geological_group=Keuper&formation=Rh%E4tkeuper&group_formation_member=Rh%E4tkeuper) at [Fossilworks](/source/Fossilworks).org

1. Wintrich et al., 2017

1. Fraas, 1897

1. Bapth et al., 2013

1. Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al., 2021

### Bibliography

- Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A.; Pott, C.; Schmeißner, S.; Dütsch, G.; Kustatscher, E. (2021), "The Rhaetian flora of Wüstenwelsberg, Bavaria, Germany: Description of selected gymnosperms (Ginkgoales, Cycadales, Coniferales) together with an ecological assessment of the locally prevailing vegetation", *[Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology](/source/Review_of_Palaeobotany_and_Palynology)*. **288** (Article 104398), [Bibcode:2021RPaPa.28804398V](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021RPaPa.28804398V). [doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104398](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104398)
- Wintrich, T.; Hayashi, S.; Houssaye, A.; Nakajima, Y.; Sander, P. M. (2017), "A Triassic plesiosaurian skeleton and bone histology inform on evolution of a unique body plan", *[Science Advances](/source/Science_Advances)*. **3** (12), [Bibcode:2017SciA....3E1144W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SciA....3E1144W). [doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701144](https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701144). [PMC 5729018](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5729018). [PMID 29242826](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29242826)
- Barth, G.; Nel, A.; Franz, M. (2013), "Two new odonate-like insect wings from the latest Norian of northern Germany", *[Polish Journal of Entomology](/source/Polish_Journal_of_Entomology)*. **82** (3): 127–142, [doi:10.2478/v10200-012-0029-4](https://doi.org/10.2478/v10200-012-0029-4)
- [v. Huene](/source/Friedrich_von_Huene), F (1940), "Fossilium Catalogus. I: Animalia. Pars 93: Mammalia Triadica", F. Quenstedt (ed.), pp. 1–13
- Hennig, E (1922), "Die Säugerzähne des württembergischen Rhät-Lias-Bonebeds", *[Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie](/source/Neues_Jahrbuch_f%C3%BCr_Mineralogie,_Geologie_und_Pal%C3%A4ontologie)*. **46**: 181–267
- Fraas, E (1897), "Reste von *Zanclodon* aus dem oberen Keuper vom Langenberge bei Wolfenbüttel - Remains of *Zanclodon* from the upper Keuper of Langenberge near Wolfenbüttel", *[Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft](/source/Zeitschrift_der_Deutschen_Geologischen_Gesellschaft)*. **49**: 482–485
- Plieninger, W. H (1847), "Zahne aus der oberen Grenzbreccie des Keupers bei Degerloch und Steinenbronn", *[Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg](/source/Jahreshefte_des_Vereins_f%C3%BCr_Vaterl%C3%A4ndische_Naturkunde_in_W%C3%BCrttemberg)*. **3**: 164–167

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