# Exostyleae

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The tribe **Exostyleae** is an early-branching [monophyletic](/source/Monophyly) [clade](/source/Clade) of the [flowering plant](/source/Flowering_plant) subfamily [Faboideae](/source/Faboideae) (or Papilionaceae) that are mostly found in Neotropical rainforests.[2]

## Description

This clade is composed of 6 genera, most of which were traditionally assigned to the tribe [Swartzieae](/source/Swartzieae).[4][5] However, recent [molecular phylogenetic](/source/Molecular_phylogenetic) analyses [circumscribed](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)) these six genera into a strongly supported monophyletic clade.[1][2][6][7][8][9] [Synapomorphic traits](/source/Synapomorphy) that unite the members of this clade include non-papilionate flowers, "serrate and sometimes spinescent leaflet or leaf margins, standard position variable in the floral bud, basifixed anthers, and drupaceous fruits".[1][2][6][7] They are also united by [wood](/source/Wood) anatomy, sharing an "uncommon presence of crystals in ray cells",[1][10][11] and floral [ontogeny](/source/Ontogeny), sharing "unidirectional initiation of five sepals, simultaneous initiation of petals, and[…]unusual antepetalous stamens initiating before the antesepalous ones."[12]

## Genera

- *[Exostyles](/source/Exostyles)* Schott
- *[Harleyodendron](/source/Harleyodendron)* R. S. Cowan
- *[Holocalyx](/source/Holocalyx)* Micheli
- *[Lecointea](/source/Lecointea)* Ducke.
- *[Uribea](/source/Uribea)* Dugand & Romero
- *[Zollernia](/source/Zollernia)* Wied-Neuw. & Nees

## References

1. Cardoso D, de Queiroz LP, Pennington RT, de Lima HC, Fonty É, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2012). "Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages". *[American Journal of Botany](/source/American_Journal_of_Botany)*. **99** (12): 1991–2013. [doi:10.3732/ajb.1200380](https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1200380). [PMID 23221500](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23221500)

1. Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". *[South African Journal of Botany](/source/South_African_Journal_of_Botany)*. **89**: 58–75. [doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001). [hdl:10566/3193](https://hdl.handle.net/10566/3193)

1. Wojciechowski MF (2013). "Towards a new classification of Leguminosae: Naming clades using non-Linnaean phylogenetic nomenclature". *[South African Journal of Botany](/source/South_African_Journal_of_Botany)*. **89**: 85–93. [doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.017](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.017)

1. Cowan RS (1981). ["Swartzieae"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130723234652/http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=318). *Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 1*. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 209–212. ISBN 9780855212247. Archived from [the original](http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=318) on 2013-07-23. Retrieved 2014-01-29.

1. Ireland HE, Pennington RT, Preston J (2000). ["Molecular systematics of the Swartzieae"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140116180637/http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=52). *Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9*. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. pp. 277–298. ISBN 978-1842460177. Archived from [the original](http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=52) on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2014-01-29.

1. Herendeen PS (1995). ["Phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Swartzieae"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140117001006/http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=81). *Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 7: Phylogeny*. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 123–131. ISBN 978-0947643799. Archived from [the original](http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=81) on 2014-01-17. Retrieved 2014-01-29.

1. de Freitas Mansano V, Bittrich V, ((de Azevedo Tozzi AMGS)), de Souza AP (2004). ["Composition of the *Lecointea* clade (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Swartzieae), a re-evaluation based on combined evidence from morphology and molecular data"](http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2004/00000053/00000004/art00013). *[Taxon](/source/Taxon_(journal))*. **53** (4): 85–93. [doi:10.2307/4135566](https://doi.org/10.2307/4135566). [JSTOR 4135566](https://www.jstor.org/stable/4135566)

1. Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M, Sanderson MJ (2004). "A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid *matK* gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family". *[American Journal of Botany](/source/American_Journal_of_Botany)*. **91** (11): 1846–862. [doi:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1846](https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.11.1846). [PMID 21652332](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21652332)

1. LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] (2013). ["Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades"](https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/78167/1/Taxon_2013_217-248.pdf). *[Taxon](/source/Taxon_(journal))*. **62** (2): 217–248. [doi:10.12705/622.8](https://doi.org/10.12705/622.8). [hdl:10566/3455](https://hdl.handle.net/10566/3455)

1. Gasson P. (1996). "Wood anatomy of the tribe Swartzieae with comments on related papilionoid and caesalpinioid Leguminosae". *International Association of Wood Anatomists Journal*. **17** (1–4): 45–75. [doi:10.1163/22941932-90000624](https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000624)

1. Gasson P, Webley P (1999). ["Wood anatomy of *Exostyles venusta* (Swartzieae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140203005919/http://iawa-website.org/IAWA%20J%20pdf's/20.no.1-4.1999/20.1.59_66.pdf). *International Association of Wood Anatomists Journal*. **20** (1): 59–66. [doi:10.1163/22941932-90001548](https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001548). Archived from [the original](http://iawa-website.org/IAWA%20J%20pdf%27s/20.no.1-4.1999/20.1.59_66.pdf) on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2014-01-29.

1. de Freitas Mansano V, Tucker SC, de Azevedo Tozzi AM (2002). "Floral ontogeny of *Lecointea*, *Zollernia*, *Exostyles*, and *Harleyodendron* (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Swartzieae s.l.)". *[American Journal of Botany](/source/American_Journal_of_Botany)*. **89** (10): 1553–1569. [doi:10.3732/ajb.89.10.1553](https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.89.10.1553). [PMID 21665582](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21665582)

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