# Exmouth Submarine Base

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Former United States Navy Base

Exmouth Submarine Base

Location of Exmouth Submarine Base in Western Australia
 [United States Navy](/source/United_States_Navy) from 1942 to 1943.

[USS *Pelias*](/source/USS_Pelias) [submarine tender](/source/Submarine_tender) base at Exmouth Submarine Base

[USS Salmon (SS-182)](/source/USS_Salmon_(SS-182)) one of many subs serviced at Exmouth Submarine Base

**Exmouth Submarine Base**, called **Operation Potshot**, was a [United States Navy](/source/United_States_Navy) base at [Exmouth Gulf](/source/Exmouth_Gulf), [Western Australia](/source/Western_Australia) during [World War II](/source/World_War_II). Exmouth Gulf on western [Australia](/source/Australia) was selected as the site for a US Naval base as it was thought at the time to be out of the reach of [Empire of Japan](/source/Empire_of_Japan)'s long-range [bombers](/source/Bomber). [Bombing of Darwin](/source/Bombing_of_Darwin) on February 19, 1942, demonstrated that a more southern port was needed. The submarine operation at Exmouth Gulf and the [North West Cape](/source/North_West_Cape) was called Operation Potshot, named after the [Potshot airfield](/source/Potshot_airfield) that provided [fighter plane](/source/Fighter_plane) cover for the base.[1][2][3]

## History

With the loss of [Naval Base Manila](/source/Naval_Base_Manila) in the [Philippines](/source/Philippines), US submarines fled to [Dutch East Indies](/source/Dutch_East_Indies) and then [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia) until these ports were taken over. This forced the US Submarine Fleet to Australian ports out of bomber range.[4] A submarine base was set up in Exmouth Gulf. To support the submarines, [submarine tender](/source/Submarine_tender) [USS *Pelias*](/source/USS_Pelias_(AS-14)) was stationed at Exmouth Gulf at [Exmouth, Western Australia](/source/Exmouth%2C_Western_Australia). A 500-ton [Type B](/source/Type_B_ship) [barge](/source/Barge) was stationed at the base to refuel the subs. [Oil tankers](/source/Oil_tanker) would refill the barge as needed. A rest camp for the crew was set up at the base. Potshot airfield, near [Yanrey](/source/Yanrey), was also called Learmonth Airport of the [Royal Australian Air Force](/source/Royal_Australian_Air_Force) (RAAF). For added defense, a British GLll [radar](/source/Radar) station was installed. The base had Australian [3-inch anti-aircraft guns](/source/3-inch_anti-aircraft_gun_M3) and [QF 3.7-inch anti-aircraft guns](/source/QF_3.7-inch_AA_gun) installed. The US installed [Bofors gun](/source/Bofors_gun) anti-aircraft guns. A US Naval Communication Station was built at the site. While it was thought that Exmouth Gulf was far enough south to be out of range for an attack, on May 20 and 21, 1943, that base was attacked. [Charles A. Lockwood](/source/Charles_A._Lockwood) was overseeing the bases at [Fremantle](/source/Fremantle_submarine_base) and Exmouth. Exmouth Gulf was too north for a base, as it was hit by [cyclones](/source/Cyclone).[2] Exmouth was used as part of the staging for [Operation Transom](/source/Operation_Transom) in May 1944.[5][6]

## 1943 raids

On May 20, 1943, two Japanese [Betty bombers](/source/Betty_bomber) were first spotted by the radar station at [Onslow](/source/Onslow%2C_Western_Australia), just north of Exmouth Gulf. Then spotted by the radar station at Exmouth Gulf. At about 10.55 pm, the Japanese planes bombed Exmouth Gulf, but hit nothing. Two RAAF [CAC Boomerang](/source/CAC_Boomerang) planes of [No. 85 Squadron RAAF](/source/No._85_Squadron_RAAF) tried to intercept the bombers, but did not find them. On May 21, 1943, again, the two radar stations spotted two Japanese aircraft. The two planes dropped nine bombs into the Exmouth Gulf at about midnight, again hitting nothing. Again, two Boomerangs were sent up, but by the time one plane found a bomber, it was low on fuel and had to return to base. Other raids hit close to the radar station at Exmouth Gulf.[7] On 15 May 1943, Onslow was [bombed by Japan](/source/Air_raids_on_Australia%2C_1942%E2%80%9343) when a single bomber, bombed the [Onslow airfield](/source/Onslow_Airport) with no damage done.[8]

## Seaplane Base Exmouth

[USS Childs (AVD-1)](/source/USS_Childs_(AVD-1)) in 1944

[VPB-52](/source/VPB-52) [Consolidated PBY Catalina](/source/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina) in 1943

The US Navy set up a seaplane base at Exmouth Gulf, called **Advance Base D** that operated two squadrons of [Consolidated PBY Catalina](/source/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina) flying boats. US Navy squadrons [VPB-33](/source/VPB-33) and [VPB-52](/source/VPB-52) operated out of the base. The planes were serviced by the [USS *Childs*](/source/USS_Childs)), a [destroyer](/source/Destroyer) that became a [seaplane tender](/source/Seaplane_tender). [The Double Sunrise](/source/The_Double_Sunrise) airline service also operated from the base. The PBY Catalina did search, combat, rescue, and reconnaissance patrols.[2] On November 26, 1942, PBY-5A # 2407 aborted a take-off at Exmouth, the plane hit a large [swell](/source/Swell_(ocean)). The front bombing window broke, and water poured in. The plane sank in 18 feet (5.5 m), the captain was killed, and eight others were injured.[9] On April 28, 1943, a PBY crashed at Exmouth, killing three in the plane.[10] On July 3, 1943, PBY #08294 crashed in Exmouth Gulf, killing four crew members and eight passengers. The plane was not repairable.[11]

## Z Special Unit

Main article: [Z Special Unit](/source/Z_Special_Unit)

Exmouth submarine base was used as a staging base for [Z Special Unit](/source/Z_Special_Unit). Z Special Unit was [special forces](/source/Special_forces) use made up of [British](/source/British_Empire), Australian, [Dutch](/source/Dutch_East_Indies), [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand), [Timorese](/source/Timor) and [Indonesian](/source/Indonesian_language) and a few American troops that operated in [Southeast Asia](/source/Southeast_Asia) behind Japanese lines. The operation was mostly for reconnaissance and sabotage work. From Potshot Z, Special Unit started [Operation Jaywick](/source/Operation_Jaywick), a successful raid on Japanese shipping in [Singapore](/source/Singapore) Harbour, in September 1943.

[Operation Rimau](/source/Operation_Rimau) also used the base for staging, but the operation was unsuccessful, with all team members killed as the Japanese found them before the raid. Six Z Special crew members killed have streets in Exmouth named after them.[12]

## Post war

- Operation Potshot Memorial Plaque was built in 1963 near the Potshot reconnaissance site.[1]

## See also

- [US Naval Advance Bases](/source/US_Naval_Advance_Bases)

- [Naval Base Perth](/source/Naval_Base_Perth)

- [Roebuck Bay Seaplane Base](/source/Roebuck_Bay_Seaplane_Base)

- [US Naval Base Australia](/source/US_Naval_Base_Australia)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-monumentaustralia_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-monumentaustralia_1-1) ["Potshot Memorial | Monument Australia"](https://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/conflict/ww2/display/60468-potshot-memorial). *monumentaustralia.org.au*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-auto_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-auto_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-auto_2-2) ["US Navy Submarine Base, Exmouth Gulf, WA, during WW2"](https://www.ozatwar.com/usnavy/exmouth01.htm). *www.ozatwar.com*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["The Town Built by America"](https://caravan.hemax.com//Destination/12285/The_Town_Built_by_America). *HemaX Caravan World*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Fremantle was big submarine base"](http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47723722). *[Army News](/source/Army_News)*. Darwin, NT. 25 August 1945. p. 3. Retrieved 8 February 2016 – via National Library of Australia.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Hobbs, David (2011). The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781591140443](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781591140443)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["EXMOUTH GULF, WA. 1943. THE LANDING FROM WHICH IT WAS PROPOSED TO CONSTRUCT A LANDING STAGE ..."](https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/304241) *www.awm.gov.au*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Air War Against Japan 1943–1945, by George Odgers

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OnslowHist1_8-0)** ["History - Shire of Ashburton"](http://www.ashburton.wa.gov.au/visit-ashburton/onslow/history). Shire of Ashburton. Retrieved 9 May 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-baaa-acro_9-0)** ["Crash of a Consolidated PBY-5 Catalina off Exmouth: 1 killed | Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives"](https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-consolidated-pby-5-catalina-exmouth-1-killed). *baaa-acro.com*. Retrieved 17 October 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ozatwar_10-0)** ["28 April 1943 - Crash of a Catalina in Exmouth Gulf, near Potshot, WA"](https://www.ozatwar.com/ozcrashes/wa29.htm). *ozatwar.com*. Retrieved 17 October 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Ranter, Harro. ["ASN Aircraft accident Consolidated PBY-5 Catalina 08294 Exmouth Gulf, WA"](https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19430703-1). *aviation-safety.net*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Heritage Council of WA - Places Database"](http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/PrintSingleRecord/2b7795ca-8cf6-4f55-b22c-3e6a6fd560ea). *inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au*.

## External links

- [youtube World War 2 - Defence of Australia](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qg29an7cM4o&t=631s)

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v t e Western Australia during World War II Events Sinking of HMAS Sydney Attack on Broome Emergency of March 1942 Emergency of March 1944 Units III Corps No. 14 Squadron RAAF No. 25 Squadron RAAF No. 85 Squadron RAAF Ships MV Koolama Fremantle Fortress‎ Fremantle submarine base Arthurs Battery Bickley Battery Challenger Battery Harbour Battery Leighton Battery Oliver Hill Battery Peron Battery Scriven Battery Swanbourne Battery Locations Bibra Lake AWAS Camp Corunna Downs Airfield RAAF Base Pearce Auxiliary Albany Submarine Base Princess Royal Fortress Naval Base Perth Exmouth Submarine Base Roebuck Bay Seaplane Base Swan Barracks Memorials Fremantle War Memorial Rockingham War Memorial Rockingham Naval Memorial Park See also Coastal defences of Australia during World War II

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v t e United States naval ship classes of World War II US Navy combatant ships Aircraft carriers Lexington RangerS Yorktown WaspS Essex MidwayC Light aircraft carriers IndependenceV SaipanC Escort carriers Long IslandV ChargerV BogueV SangamonV Casablanca Commencement Bay Battleships Wyoming New York Nevada Pennsylvania New Mexico Tennessee Colorado North Carolina South Dakota Iowa MontanaX Large cruisers Alaska Heavy cruisers Pensacola Northampton Portland New Orleans WichitaS Baltimore Oregon CityC Des MoinesC Light cruisers Omaha Brooklyn Atlanta Cleveland FargoC JuneauC WorcesterC CL-154X Destroyers Sampson Caldwell Wickes Clemson Farragut Porter Mahan Gridley Bagley Somers Benham Sims Benson StevensonX Gleaves Fletcher Allen M. Sumner Robert H. Smith Gearing Destroyer escorts Evarts Buckley Cannon Edsall Rudderow John C. Butler Patrol gunboats Ocean Dubuque SacramentoS Asheville Erie NiagaraSV VixenSV St. AugustineSV JamestownSV WilliamsburgSV PlymouthSV HiloSV DauntlessSV NourmahalSV Temptress Action Motor PGM-1V PGM-9V River WakeS TutuilaS OahuS LuzonS MindanaoS Patrol frigates Asheville Tacoma Patrol boats Eagle PT boat Fairmile B (Canadian) Submarines O R S V-boat Barracuda ArgonautS Narwhal DolphinS Cachalot Porpoise Salmon Sargo Tambor Mackerel Gato Balao Tench US Navy mine warfare ship Auxiliary minelayers Chimo Camanche Minesweepers Lapwing Raven Auk EagleS Hawk Admirable Minelayers Ocean OglalaS MonadnockS MiantonomahS TerrorS KeokukS SalemS WeehawkenS Coastal NiagaraSV WassucSV MonadnockSV MiantonomahSV KeokukSV US Navy amphibious warfare ships Landing Ship Docks Ashland Casa Grande Amphibious force flagships AppalachianV AnconSV Mount McKinleyV AdirondackV BiscayneSV Attack cargo ships ArcturusV AndromedaV ArtemisV TollandV Attack transports DoyenV HarrisV McCawleyV HeywoodV Harry LeeSV President JacksonV Crescent CityV Joseph HewesSV John PennSV Edward RutledgeSV Arthur MiddletonV BayfieldV OrmsbyV SumterV WindsorV GilliamV Frederick FunstonV HaskellV US Navy auxiliary ships Crane ships Crane Ship No. 1SV MTB tender NiagaraSV HiloSV JamestownSV Destroyer tenders DobbinV Black HawkSV Altair Dixie AlcorSV C3 cargo CascadeSV Hamul Klondike Shenandoah Cargo ships Liberty Victory Haskell Andromeda Arcturus Artemis Tolland Alstede Aldebaran Adria Acubens Arctic Denebola Hyades Mizar Fleet oilers Kanawha Cuyama Patoka Kaweah Big HornS VictoriaS AtascosaS PasigS ShikellamyS T2 tanker Kennebec Mattaponi Chiwawa Suamico Escambia CohoctonS T3 tanker Chiwawa Cimarron Gasoline tankers Halawa Conasauga KaloliS AroostookS GuyandotS T1 tanker Patapsco Mettawee Rescue tugs ATR-1 Mettawee Seaplane tenders WrightS LangleyS PatokaSV Curtiss Curtiss Albemarle Currituck Currituck Norton Sound Pine Island Salisbury SoundC C3 cargo TangierSV PocomokeSV ChandeleurSV Kenneth WhitingV Destroyer seaplane tenders ClemsonV Small seaplane tenders LapwingV Barnegat Aviation stores issue ships SupplyS FortuneS JupiterS Liberty GrumiumV AlliothV C1 cargo GwinnettV NicolletV PontotocV Distilling ships Liberty StagV T2 tanker PasigV AbatanV Others Ammunition Floating drydock Repair dock Barracks Collier Combat stores Destroyer tender Depot High-speed transport Hospital Ice cream barge Net laying Reefer Repair Submarine tender Underway replenishment C: Completed after the war S: Single ship of class X: Cancelled V: Conversions

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Exmouth Submarine Base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmouth_Submarine_Base) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exmouth_Submarine_Base?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.