# Evergreen Formation

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Evergreen Formation Stratigraphic range: Lower Pliensbachian- Late Toarcian ~186.74–175.94 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N [1] Type Geological formation Unit of Bundamba Group Sub-units Boxvale Sandstone & Westgrove Ironstone Members Underlies Hutton Sandstone Overlies Precipice Sandstone Thickness Up to 255 m (837 ft) Lithology Primary Sandstone, siltstone, mudstone Other Coal, ironstone Location Coordinates 25°48′S 150°18′E / 25.8°S 150.3°E / -25.8; 150.3 Approximate paleocoordinates 61°42′S 90°00′E / 61.7°S 90.0°E / -61.7; 90.0 Region New South Wales, Queensland Country Australia Extent Eromanga Basin[2] Surat Basin Type section Named for "Evergreen Shales" Named by Hogetoorn[3] Evergreen Formation (Australia)

The **Evergreen Formation** is a [Pliensbachian](/source/Pliensbachian) to [Toarcian](/source/Toarcian) geologic [formation](/source/Formation_(geology)) of the [Surat Basin](/source/Surat_Basin) in [New South Wales](/source/New_South_Wales) and [Queensland](/source/Queensland), eastern Australia. Traditionally it has been considered to be a unit whose age has been calculated in between the [Pliensbachian](/source/Pliensbachian) and [Toarcian](/source/Toarcian) stages of the [Early Jurassic](/source/Early_Jurassic), with some layers suggested to reach the [Aalenian](/source/Aalenian) stage of the [Middle Jurassic](/source/Middle_Jurassic), yet modern data has found that an Early Pliensbachian to Latest Toarcian age is more possible.[4][5][6] The formation was named due to the "Evergreen Shales", defined with a lower unit, the Boxvale Sandstone, and a partially coeval, partially younger upper unit, the Westgrove Ironstone Member.[7] This unit overlies the [Hettangian](/source/Hettangian)-[Sinemurian](/source/Sinemurian) [Precipice Sandstone](/source/Precipice_Sandstone), as well several informal units such as the [Nogo Beds](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nogo_Beds&action=edit&redlink=1), and [Narayen](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narayen&action=edit&redlink=1) beds, as well [Torsdale](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torsdale&action=edit&redlink=1) Volcanics.[7] This unit likely was deposited in a massive lacustrine body with possible marine environment influences.[8]

## Fossil content

Indeterminate Unionoid bivalves are known from the Kolane Station.[9]

### Ichnofossils

Genus Species Type Location Material Origin Images Asterosoma[10] A. isp. Fodinichnia Chinchilla 4 Borehole Condabri MB9-H Borehole Kenya East GW7 Borehole Moonie 31 Borehole Moonie 34 Borehole Reedy Creek MB3-H Borehole Roma 8 Borehole Taroom 17 Borehole West Wandoan 1 Borehole Woleebee Creek GW4 Borehole Radiating bulb-like swelling burrows Annelid worm, vermiform organism Conichnus[10] C. isp. Domichnia Cubichnia trails Gastropods Cylindrichnus[10] C. isp. Domichnia Long, subconical, weakly curved burrows Anemones Polychaete worms Diplocraterion[10] D. parallelum Domichnia U-shaped burrows Polychaeta annelids (Axiothella, Abarenicola and Scolecolepis) Sipunculans (Sipunculus) Enteropneustans (Balanoglossus) Echiurans (Urechis). Diplocraterion parallelum diagram Helminthopsis[10] H. isp. Fodinichnia Simple, unbranched, horizontal cylinder traces Polychaetes Priapulids Example of Helminthopsis fossil Lockeia[10] L. amygdaloides L. isp. Cubichnia Domichnia Dwelling traces Bivalves Naktodemasis[10] N. isp. Fodinichnia Straight to sinuous, unlined and unbranched burrows Soil bugs Cicada nymphs Scarabaeid beetle larvae Palaeophycus[10] P. tubularis Domichnia Straight or gently curved tubular burrows. Polychaetes Semiaquatic Insects (Orthoptera and Hemiptera) Semiaquatic and non-aquatic Beetles. Example of Palaeophycus fossil Phycosiphon[10] P. isp. Fodinichnia Irregularly meandering burrows Vermiform Animals Planolites[10] P. montanus P. beverleyensis P. isp. Pascichnia Cylindrical or elliptical curved/tortuous trace fossils Polychaetes Insects Example of Planolites fossil Scolicia[10] S. isp. Cubichnia Symmetrical trail or burrow Gastropods Scolicia trails Skolithos[10] S. isp. Domichnia Cylindrical strands with branches Polychaetes Phoronidans Siphonichnus[10] S. ophthalmoides Domichnia Cylindrical strands with branches Polychaetes Phoronidans Taenidium[10] T. serpentinum T. isp. Fodinichnia Unlined meniscate burrows Deposit-feeding Sipuncula Polychaetes Phoronidans Thalassinoides[10] T. isp. Tubular Fodinichnia Tubular Burrows Thalassinidea Several Crustaceans (Anomura, Decapoda) Annelids (Polychaeta Sipuncula Dipnoi Thalassinoides burrowing structures, with modern related fauna, showing the ecological convergence and the variety of animals that left this Ichnogenus. Teichichnus[10] T. isp. Fodinichnia Vertical to oblique, unbranched or branched, elongated to arcuate spreite burrow Polychaetes Dwelling Echiurans Dwelling Holothurians. Teichichnus burrows

### Diplopoda

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Decorotergum[11] D. warrenae Kolane Station, 58 km ENE of Taroom Westgrove Ironstone Member Incomplete specimens: QMF12294, QMF12295 and one small fragment of a third specimen, QMF12296 A millipede whose affinities are controversial. It may be an Oniscomorpha of the order Amynilyspedida family Amynilyspedidae or a member of the order Polydesmida Extant example of the order Amynilyspedida, Glomeris

### Vertebrata

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Plesiosauria[12][13] Indeterminate Kolane Station, 58 km ENE of Taroom Westgrove Ironstone Member QM F10440, Limb, girdle and vertebral fragments from a single skeleton QM F10441, partial skeleton A Freshwater Plesiosaur with affinities with Pliosauridae and Neoplesiosauria Siderops[9] S. kehli Kolane Station, 58 km ENE of Taroom Westgrove Ironstone Member QM F7822, nearly complete skull with mandible and postcrania A gigantic chigutisaurid temnospondyl, representing a relictual genus isolated in the Australian Ecoregion, as well one of the largest Mesozoic amphibians Restoration of Siderops kehli

### Phytoplankton

Genus Species Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Chomotriletes[14] C. triangularis GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Zygnemataceae. A genus derived from freshwater filamentous or unicellular, uniseriate (unbranched) green algae.

### Bryophyta

Genus Species Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Anapiculatisporites[14] A. dawsonensis A. pristidentatus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with Bryophyta. Cingutriletes[14] C. clavus C. parvus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with Bryophyta. Distalanulisporites[14] D. punctus D. verrucosus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Sphagnaceae in the Sphagnopsida. Foraminisporis[1] F. spp. Chinchilla 4 Borehole Condabri MB9-H Borehole Kenya East GW7 Borehole Moonie 31 Borehole Reedy Creek MB3-H Borehole Roma 8 Borehole Taroom 17 Borehole West Wandoan 1 Borehole Woleebee Creek GW4 Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Notothyladaceae in the Anthocerotopsida. Nevesisporites[1][15][14] N. vallatus Boxvale Area Chinchilla 4 Borehole Condabri MB9-H Borehole GSQ Mundubera Borehole Kenya East GW7 Borehole Moonie 31 Borehole Reedy Creek MB3-H Borehole Roma 8 Borehole Taroom 17 Borehole West Wandoan 1 Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with Bryophyta. This spore is found in Jurassic sediments associated with the polar regions. Polycingulatisporites[1][15][14] P. crenulatus P. densatus P. mooniensis P. triangularis P. tortuosus Boxvale Area Chinchilla 4 Borehole Condabri MB9-H Borehole GSQ Mundubera Borehole Kenya East GW7 Borehole Moonie 31 Borehole Reedy Creek MB3-H Borehole Roma 8 Borehole Taroom 17 Borehole West Wandoan 1 Borehole Woleebee Creek GW4 Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Notothyladaceae in the Anthocerotopsida. Hornwort spores. Extant Notothylas specimens Rogalskaisporites[14] R. cicatricosus R. multicicatricosus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Sphagnaceae in the Sphagnopsida. Stereisporites[15][14] S. antiquasporites S. radiatus Boxvale Area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Sphagnaceae in the Sphagnopsida. "Peat moss" spores, related to genera such as Sphagnum that can store large amounts of water. Extant Sphagnum specimens Staplinisporites[15][14] S. caminus S. manifestus S. pocockii Boxvale Area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Encalyptaceae in the Bryopsida. Branching moss spores, indicating high water-depleting environments. Extant Encalypta specimens; Staplinisporites probably come from similar genera

### Lycophyta

Genus Species Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Antulsporites[14] A. granulatus A. saevus A. varigranulatus A. spp. GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the Selaginellaceae in the Lycopsida. Apiculatisporis[14] A. spp. GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with Lycopodiopsida Cadargasporites[1][15][14] C. baculatus C. granulatus C. reticulatus Boxvale Area Chinchilla 4 Borehole Condabri MB9-H Borehole GSQ Mundubera Borehole Kenya East GW7 Borehole Moonie 31 Borehole Reedy Creek MB3-H Borehole Roma 8 Borehole Taroom 17 Borehole West Wandoan 1 Borehole Woleebee Creek GW4 Borehole Spores Affinities with the Selaginellaceae in the Lycopsida. Herbaceous lycophyte flora, similar to ferns, found in humid settings. This family of spores are also the most diverse in the formation. Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae Camarozonosporites[15][14] C. clivosus C. ramosus C. rudis C. spp. Boxvale Area Chinchilla 4 Borehole Condabri MB9-H Borehole GSQ Mundubera Borehole Kenya East GW7 Borehole Moonie 31 Borehole Reedy Creek MB3-H Borehole Roma 8 Borehole Taroom 17 Borehole West Wandoan 1 Borehole Woleebee Creek GW4 Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Lycopodiaceae in the Lycopodiopsida. Lycopod spores, related to herbaceous to arbustive flora common in humid environments. Dictyotosporites[16] D. sandrana GSQ DRD 22 Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with Lycopodiopsida. Lycopodiumsporites[15][14] L. austroclavatidites L. circolumenus L. rosewoodensis L. semimuris L. triangularis Boxvale Area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Lycopodiaceae in the Lycopodiopsida. Lycopod spores, related to herbaceous to arbustive flora common in humid environments. Extant Lycopodium specimens Neoraistrickia[14] N. elongata N. suratensis N. truncata N. spp. GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the Selaginellaceae in the Lycopsida. Punctatosporites[15][14] P. walkomii Boxvale Area Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with Lycopodiopsida. Retitriletes[14] R. austroclavatidites R. huttonensis R. rosewoodensis R. semimurus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Lycopodiaceae in the Lycopodiopsida. Lycopodiumsporites[14] S. pseudoalveolatus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Lycopodiaceae in the Lycopodiopsida. Lycopod spores, related to herbaceous to arbustive flora common in humid environments. Uvaesporites[14] U. verrucosus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the Selaginellaceae in the Lycopsida.

### Pteridophyta

Genus Species Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Annulispora[15][14] A. altmarkensis A. badia A. densata A. folliculosa A. microannulata A. radiata A. triangularis A. spp. Boxvale area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the genus Saccoloma, type representative of the family Saccolomataceae. This fern spore resembles those of the living genus Saccoloma, being probably from a pantropical genus found in wet, shaded forest areas. Extant Saccoloma specimens; Annulispora probably comes from similar genera or maybe a species in the genus Baculatisporites[15][14] B. comaumensis Boxvale area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Osmundaceae in the Polypodiopsida. Near fluvial current ferns, related to the modern Osmunda regalis. Extant Osmunda specimens; Baculatisporites and Todisporites probably come from similar genera or maybe a species from the genus Biretisporites[14] B. modestus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the Marattiaceae in the Polypodiopsida. Fern spores from low herbaceous flora. Cingulatisporites[14] C. caminus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta Clavatisporites[14] C. hammenii GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta Cyathidites[14] C. australis C. minor GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Cyatheaceae in the Cyatheales. Arboreal fern spores. Extant Cyathea Dictyophyllidites[15][14] D. mortoni Boxvale area Spores Affinities with the family Matoniaceae in the Gleicheniales. Duplexisporites[14] D. problematicus D. spp. GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta Foveosporites[14] F. moretonensis GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta Gleicheniidites[15][14] G. senonicus G. spp. Boxvale area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the Gleicheniales in the Polypodiopsida. Fern spores from low herbaceous flora. Extant Gleichenia specimens; Gleicheniidites probably come from similar genera or maybe a species in the genus Granulatisporites[14] G. spp. GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the Pteridaceae in the Polypodiopsida. Forest ferns from humid ground locations. Extant Pityrogramma specimens Heliosporites[14] H. spp GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta Ischyosporites[15][14] I. marburgensis I. surangulus Boxvale area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta Leiotriletes[15][14] L. directus L. magnus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta Leptolepidites[15][14] L. major L. verrucatus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Dennstaedtiaceae in the Polypodiales. Forest fern spores. Extant Dennstaedtia specimens; Leptolepidites probably comes from similar genera Matonisporites[15][14] M. spp Boxvale area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Matoniaceae in the Gleicheniales. Osmundacidites[14] O. wellmanii GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Osmundaceae in the Polypodiopsida. Near fluvial current ferns, related to the modern Osmunda regalis. Peroaletes[14] P. rugosus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta Perotrilites[14] P. tenuis GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Incertae sedis; affinities with the Pteridophyta Polypodiisporites[14] P. ipsviciensis GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Dennstaedtiaceae in the Polypodiales. Forest fern spores. Rugulatisporites[14] R. ramosus R. spp. GSQ Mundubera Borehole Spores Affinities with the family Osmundaceae in the Polypodiopsida. Near fluvial current ferns, related to the modern Osmunda regalis.

### Peltaspermales

Genus Species Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Alisporites[15][14] A. australis A. lowoodensis A. similis Boxvale Area Pollen Affinities with the families Peltaspermaceae, Corystospermaceae or Umkomasiaceae in the Peltaspermales. Pollen of uncertain provenance that can be derived from any of the members of the Peltaspermales. The lack of distinctive characters and poor conservation make this pollen difficult to classify. Arboreal to arbustive seed ferns. Kekryphalospora[1] K. distincta Chinchilla 4 Borehole Condabri MB9-H Borehole Kenya East GW7 Borehole Moonie 31 Borehole Reedy Creek MB3-H Borehole Roma 8 Borehole Taroom 17 Borehole West Wandoan 1 Borehole Woleebee Creek GW4 Borehole Pollen Affinities with the families Peltaspermaceae, Corystospermaceae or Umkomasiaceae in the Peltaspermales. Extremely abundant Vitreisporites[15][14] V. contectus V. pallidus Boxvale Area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Pollen From the family Caytoniaceae in the Caytoniales. Caytoniaceae are a complex group of Mesozoic fossil floras that may be related to both Peltaspermales and Ginkgoaceae.

### Cycadophyta

Genus Species Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Cycadopites[14] C. crassimarginis C. granulatus C. infirmus C. nitidus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Pollen Affinities with the family Cycadaceae in the Cycadales or with Cycadaceae and Bennettitaceae. It has been found associated with the Bennetite pollen cone Bennettistemon Extant Cycas platyphylla

### Conifers

Genus Species Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images Araucariacites[10][14] A. australis A. fissus Chinchilla 4 Borehole GSQ Mundubera Borehole Pollen Affinities with the family Araucariaceae in the Pinales. Conifer pollen from medium to large arboreal plants. Extant Araucaria. Callialasporites may come from a related plant Callialasporites[10] C. dampierii C. turbatus C. propinquivellersis[16] Chinchilla 4 Borehole Kenya East GW7 Borehole GSQ DRD 24 Pollen Affinities with the family Araucariaceae in the Pinales. Conifer pollen from medium to large arboreal plants. Classopollis[1][15][14] C. classoides C. meyeriana C. simplex C. spp. Boxvale Area Chinchilla 4 Borehole Condabri MB9-H Borehole GSQ Mundubera Borehole Kenya East GW7 Borehole Moonie 31 Borehole Reedy Creek MB3-H Borehole Roma 8 Borehole Taroom 17 Borehole West Wandoan 1 Borehole Woleebee Creek GW4 Borehole Pollen Affinities with the Hirmeriellaceae in the Pinopsida. Inaperturopollenites[15][14] I. turbatus I. spp. Boxvale Area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Pollen Affinities with the Pinidae inside Coniferae. Extant Pinus cembra Cone, example of the Pinidae. Inaperturopollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus Indusiisporites[15][14] I. parvisaccatus Boxvale Area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Pollen Affinities with the family Podocarpaceae inside Coniferae. Perinopollenites[1][15][14] P. elatoides Boxvale Area Chinchilla 4 Borehole Condabri MB9-H Borehole GSQ Mundubera Borehole Kenya East GW7 Borehole Moonie 31 Borehole Reedy Creek MB3-H Borehole Roma 8 Borehole Taroom 17 Borehole West Wandoan 1 Borehole Woleebee Creek GW4 Borehole Pollen Affinities with the family Cupressaceae in the Pinopsida. Pollen that resembles that of extant genera such as the genus Actinostrobus and Austrocedrus, probably derived from dry environments. Extant Austrocedrus Podocarpidites[14] P. ellipticus GSQ Mundubera Borehole Pollen Affinities with the family Podocarpaceae. Pollen from diverse types of Podocarpaceous conifers, that include morphotypes similar to the low arbustive Microcachrys and the medium arbustive Lepidothamnus, likely linked with Upland settings Extant Microcachrys Podosporites[15][14] P. spp. Boxvale Area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Pollen Affinities with the family Podocarpaceae. Trisaccites[14] T. variabilis GSQ Mundubera Borehole Pollen Affinities with the family Podocarpaceae. Zonalapollenites[15][14] Z. dampieri Z. segmentatus Z. trilobatus Boxvale Area GSQ Mundubera Borehole Pollen Affinities with the family Pinaceae in the Pinopsida. Conifer pollen from medium to large arboreal plants. Extant Picea.

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-15) [***q***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-16) [***r***](#cite_ref-Ichnos_10-17) La Croix, A. D.; Wang, J.; He, J.; Hannaford, C.; Bianchi, V.; Esterle, J.; Undershultz, J. R. (2019). ["Widespread nearshore and shallow marine deposition within the Lower Jurassic Precipice Sandstone and Evergreen Formation in the Surat Basin, Australia"](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817219303009). *Marine and Petroleum Geology*. **109** (3): 760–790. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2019MarPG.109..760L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019MarPG.109..760L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.06.048](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpetgeo.2019.06.048). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[10289/12877](https://hdl.handle.net/10289%2F12877). Retrieved 30 May 2023.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ples2_13-0)** Kear, B. P. (2012). ["A revision of Australia's Jurassic plesiosaurs"](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01183.x). *Palaeontology*. **55** (5): 1125–1138. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012Palgy..55.1125K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Palgy..55.1125K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01183.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1475-4983.2012.01183.x). Retrieved 30 May 2023.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-15) [***q***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-16) [***r***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-17) [***s***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-18) [***t***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-19) [***u***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-20) [***v***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-21) [***w***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-22) [***x***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-23) [***y***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-24) [***z***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-25) [***aa***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-26) [***ab***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-27) [***ac***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-28) [***ad***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-29) [***ae***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-30) [***af***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-31) [***ag***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-32) [***ah***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-33) [***ai***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-34) [***aj***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-35) [***ak***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-36) [***al***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-37) [***am***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-38) [***an***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-39) [***ao***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-40) [***ap***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-41) [***aq***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-42) [***ar***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-43) [***as***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-44) [***at***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-45) [***au***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-46) [***av***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-47) [***aw***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-48) [***ax***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-49) [***ay***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-50) [***az***](#cite_ref-FloraB_14-51) McKellar, J. L. (1974). ["Jurassic miospores from the upper Evergreen Formation, Hutton Sandstone, and basal Injune Creek Group, north-eastern Surat Basin"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316921096). *Geological Survey of Queensland*. **361** (35): 1–47 – via ResearchGate.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-15) [***q***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-16) [***r***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-17) [***s***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-18) [***t***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-19) [***u***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-20) [***v***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-21) [***w***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-22) [***x***](#cite_ref-FloraA_15-23) Paten, R.J. (1967). "Microfloral distribution in the Lower Jurassic Evergreen Formation of the Boxvale area, Surat Basin,Queensland". *Queensland Government Mining Journal*. **68** (79): 345–349.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_16-1) Cooling, Jennifer J.; and McKellar, John L. (2025-01-02). ["Palynology of the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition, Surat Basin, Australia"](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01916122.2024.2384509). *Palynology*. **49** (1) 2384509. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2025Paly...4984509C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025Paly...4984509C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/01916122.2024.2384509](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01916122.2024.2384509). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0191-6122](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0191-6122).

## Further reading

- Warren, A. (1977). ["Jurassic labyrinthodont"](https://www.nature.com/articles/265436b0). *Nature*. **265** (2): 436–437. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1977Natur.265..436W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977Natur.265..436W). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/265436b0](https://doi.org/10.1038%2F265436b0). Retrieved 31 May 2023.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Evergreen Formation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_Formation) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_Formation?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.