# Euglenales

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Order of flagellate eukaryotes

Euglenales Euglena mutabilis Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Discoba Phylum: Euglenozoa Class: Euglenida Clade: Euglenophyceae Subclass: Euglenophycidae Order: Euglenales F.Stein, 1878 Families[1] Euglenaceae Phacaceae

**Euglenales** (also known as **Euglenida**) is an order of [flagellates](/source/Flagellate) in the phylum [Euglenozoa](/source/Euglenozoa). The family includes the most well-known euglenoid genus, *[Euglena](/source/Euglena)*, as well as other common genera like *[Phacus](/source/Phacus)* and *[Lepocinclis](/source/Lepocinclis)*.[1]

## Nomenclature

The order Euglenales is also known by the name Euglenida. The origin of this dual naming system is because of the history of protists. Euglenids have been treated as both [algae](/source/Algae) and [protozoans](/source/Protozoa), which are governed by separate [nomenclature codes](/source/Nomenclature_codes).[2] If classified as an alga, it would fall under the [International Code of Botanical Nomenclature](/source/International_Code_of_Botanical_Nomenclature) (ICBN) and its correct name would be Euglenales; if classified as a protozoan, it would fall under the [International Code of Zoological Nomenclature](/source/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature) (ICZN) and would be called Euglenida.[1] Euglenids such as these are considered to be [ambiregnal protists](/source/Ambiregnal_protist) due to their parallel naming systems.[2]

## Description

Euglenales consists mostly of freshwater organisms, in contrast to its sister [Eutreptiales](/source/Eutreptiales) which is generally marine. Cells have two flagella, but only one is emergent; the other is very short and does not emerge from the cell, so cells appear to have only one flagellum.[3] In comparison, Eutreptiales is characterized by two emergent flagella.[4]

## Phylogeny

In its current [circumscription](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)), Euglenales is [monophyletic](/source/Monophyletic), consisting of two sister clades corresponding to [Euglenaceae](/source/Euglenaceae) and [Phacaceae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phacaceae&action=edit&redlink=1).[5]

A [cladogram](/source/Cladogram) representing the phylogenetic relationships is shown below:[1]

Photosynthetic euglenoids Euglenales Euglenaceae Phacaceae Eutreptiales Rapazida

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Kostygov_2021_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Kostygov_2021_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Kostygov_2021_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Kostygov_2021_1-3) Kostygov, Alexei Y.; Karnkowska, Anna; Votýpka, Jan; Tashyreva, Daria; MacIszewski, Kacper; Yurchenko, Vyacheslav; Lukeš, Julius (2021). ["Euglenozoa: Taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8061765). *Open Biology*. **11** (3) 200407. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1098/rsob.200407](https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsob.200407). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [8061765](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8061765). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [33715388](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33715388).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Patterson_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Patterson_2-1) Patterson, David J.; Larsen, Jacob (1992). "A Perspective on Protistan Nomenclature". *The Journal of Protozoology*. **39**: 125–131. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb01292.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.1992.tb01292.x).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Triemer, Richard E.; Zakryś, Bożena (2014). "Chapter 10. Photosynthetic Euglenoids". In Wehr, John D.; Sheath, Robert G.; Kociolek, J. Patrick (eds.). *Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification* (2 ed.). Elsevier Inc. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-12-385876-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-385876-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Yamaguchi, Aika; Yubuki, Naoji; Leander, Brian S. (2012). ["Morphostasis in a novel eukaryote illuminates the evolutionary transition from phagotrophy to phototrophy: Description of *Rapaza viridis* n. gen. et sp. (Euglenozoa, Euglenida)"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374381). *BMC Evolutionary Biology*. **12** (1): 29. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012BMCEE..12...29Y](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012BMCEE..12...29Y). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/1471-2148-12-29](https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-12-29). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [3374381](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374381). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [22401606](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22401606).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Kim, Jong Im; Linton, Eric W.; Shin, Woongghi (2015). ["Taxon-rich multigene phylogeny of the photosynthetic euglenoids (Euglenophyceae)"](https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffevo.2015.00098). *Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution*. **3**. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3389/fevo.2015.00098](https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffevo.2015.00098).

v t e Discoba classification Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista Rhizaria Alveolata Stramenopiles Plants Amorphea Amoebozoa Opisthokonta Animalia Fungi Mesomycetozoea) Eolouka* Tsukubea Tsukubamonadidae Tsukubamonas Jakobea Ophirinina Agogonidae Agogonia Ophirinidae Ophirina Andalucina Andaluciidae Andalucia Stygiellidae Stygiella Velundella Histionina Histionidae Histiona Reclinomonas Jakobidae Jakoba Moramonadidae Moramonas Seculamonas Discicristata Euglenozoa Euglenida Petalomonadida Scytomonadidae Atraktomonas Biundula Calycimonas Dolium Dylakosoma Notosolenus Pentamonas Petalomonas Scytomonas Tropidoscyphus Sphenomonadidae Sphenomonas Ploeotiida* Entosiphonidae Entosiphon Gaulosia Chelandium Olkasia Alistosa Ploeotiidae Ploeotia Serpenomonas Decastava Keelungia Lentomonas Karavia Hemiolia Liburna Spirocuta Anisonemia Anisonemida Anisonemidae Anisonema Dinema Heteronema Natomonadida Metanemina Neometanemidae Neometanema Aphagea Astasiidae Astasia Rhabdomonas Gyropaigne Menoidium Parmidium Distigma Peranemida Peranemidae Chasmostoma Jenningsia Peranema Teloprocta Urceolus Euglenophyceae Rapazida Rapazidae Rapaza Eutreptiales Eutreptiaceae Eutreptia Eutreptiella Euglenales Euglenaceae Colacium Cryptoglena Euglena Euglenaformis Euglenaria Monomorphina Strombomonas Trachelomonas Phacaceae Discoplastis Flexiglena Lepocinclis Phacus incertae sedis Ascoglena Euglenamorpha Euglenopsis Glenoclosterium Hegneria Klebsina Euglenocapsa incertae sedis Peranemopsis Tropidoscyphus Michajlowastasia Parastasiella Dinemula Paradinemula Mononema Ovicola Naupliicola Embryocola Copromonas Symbiontida Bihospites Calkinsia Postgaardi Glycomonada Diplonemea Diplonemidae Diplonema Rhynchopus Lacrimia Sulcionema Flectonema Hemistasiidae Hemistasia Eupelagonemidae Eupelagonema Kinetoplastea Prokinetoplastina Ichthyobodonidae Ichthyobodo Perkinsela Metakinetoplastina Allobodonidae Allobodo Novijibodo Neobodonida Neobodonidae Actuariola Avlakibodo Azumiobodo Cruzella Cryptaulaxella Klosteria Neobodo Phanerobia Rhynchobodo Rhynchomonadidae Rhynchomonas Dimastigella Parabodonida Cryptobiidae Cryptobia Jarrellia Procryptobia Trypanoplasma Parabodonidae Parabodo Eubodonida Bodonidae Bodo Trypanosomatida Trypanosomatinae Trypanosoma Leishmaniinae Borovskyia Crithidia Leptomonas Lotmaria Novymonas Porcisia Zelonia Endotrypanum Leishmania Herpetomonadinae Herpetomonas Lafontella Phytomonas Strigomonadinae Angomonas Kentomonas Strigomonas Blastocrithidiinae Blastocrithidia Obscuromonas Blechomonadinae Blechomonas Paratrypanosomatinae Paratrypanosoma Jaenimonas Vickermania Sergeia Wallacemonas Cercoplasma Malacozoomonas Nematodomonas Rhynchoidomonas incertae sedis Bordnamonas Cephalothamnium Rhynchoidomonas Heterolobosea Pharyngomonada Pharyngomonadea Pharyngomonadida Pharyngomonadidae Pharyngomonas Tetramitia Orodruinidae? Orodruina Gruberella Stachyamoeba Selenaionea Selenaionida Selenaionidae Selenaion Neovahlkampfiida Neovahlkampfiidae Neovahlkampfia Eutetramitea Euplaesiobystra Fumarolamoeba Heteramoeba Parafumarolamoeba Paravahlkampfia Oramoeba Vrihiamoeba Naegleriida Aurem Marinamoeba Acrasidae Acrasis Allovahlkampfia Pocheina Naegleriidae Naegleria Willaertia Trimastigamoeba? Tulamoebidae Pleurostomum Tulamoeba Vahlkampfiidae Tetramitus Vahlkampfia Pseudovahlkampfia? Tetramastigamoeba? Percolomonadida Barbeliidae Barbelia Nonamonas Lulaidae Lula Percolomonadidae Percolomonas Pseudociliatida Stephanopogonidae Stephanopogon Creneida Creneidae Creneis Lyromonadida Psalteriomonadidae Harpagon Psalteriomonas Monopylocystis Pseudoharpagon Sawyeria Lyromonas *paraphyletic or polyphyletic groups ?uncertain position

Taxon identifiers Euglenales Wikidata: Q2389349 Wikispecies: Euglenales EoL: 4843 GBIF: 1421 iNaturalist: 142258 IRMNG: 11536 ITIS: 9618 NZOR: c89d1aa0-df69-4057-9ced-e290d692bbfc Open Tree of Life: 70498 WoRMS: 21000

Authority control databases National Israel Other Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Euglenales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euglenales) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euglenales?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.