# Eucrosia

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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Gardenology-IMG 4847 hunt10mar.jpg
|image_caption = Flowers of ''[Eucrosia bicolor](/source/Eucrosia_bicolor)''
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Eucrosia
|authority = [Ker Gawl.](/source/John_Bellenden_Ker)<ref name=POWO_1451-1/>
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
|synonyms=
*''Callipsyche'' <small>[Herb.](/source/William_Herbert_(botanist))</small>
*''Neostricklandia'' <small>[Rauschert](/source/Stephan_Rauschert)</small>

*''Stricklandia'' <small>[Baker](/source/John_Gilbert_Baker)</small>
|synonyms_ref=<ref name=POWO_1451-1/>
|type_species = ''[Eucrosia bicolor](/source/Eucrosia_bicolor)'' {{small|Ker Gawl.}}<ref name = "Tropicos">Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-e). ''Eucrosia'' Ker Gawl. Tropicos. Retrieved December 10, 2024, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40006713</ref>
}}

'''''Eucrosia''''' is a genus of [herbaceous](/source/herbaceous), [perennial](/source/perennial) and [bulbous plants](/source/bulb) in the Amaryllis family ([Amaryllidaceae](/source/Amaryllidaceae), subfamily [Amaryllidoideae](/source/Amaryllidoideae)<ref>{{citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F.  |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#AllAma }}</ref>) distributed from [Ecuador](/source/Ecuador) to [Peru](/source/Peru). The name is derived from the Greek {{Lang|grc|eu}}, beautiful, and {{Lang|grc|krossos}}, a fringe, referring to the long stamens.<ref>{{Harvnb|Grossi|2010|p=239}}</ref> As [circumscribed](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)) in 2020, the genus contains six species. ''[Phaedranassa](/source/Phaedranassa)'' and ''[Rauhia](/source/Rauhia)'' are the genera most closely related to ''Eucrosia''.<ref name=MeerGardNaka20>{{Harvnb|Meerow|Gardner|Nakamura|2020}}</ref>

==Description==
thumb|right|''Eucrosia aurantiaca''
All the members of the genus are [bulb](/source/bulb)ous. The leaves are [deciduous](/source/deciduous), with characteristic long [petioles](/source/petiole_(botany)) and elliptical or ovate blades (laminae), up to 25&nbsp;cm wide; they may or may not be present when the flowers are produced. The [inflorescence](/source/inflorescence) is an [umbel](/source/umbel) of 6–30 weakly to strongly [zygomorphic](/source/zygomorphic) flowers, tubular at the base, green, yellow or red in colour. The [stamen](/source/stamen)s hang downwards (i.e. are declinate) and have long filaments which in most species form a cup containing [nectaries](/source/nectary) at the base. The flowers are assumed to be adapted for [butterfly](/source/butterfly) pollination, although there is one report of a [hummingbird](/source/hummingbird) visiting ''E. eucrosioides''. The fruit is a capsule with three [locule](/source/locule)s; the seeds are flattened and winged. The diploid chromosome number is most commonly 2''n''=46.<ref name="Meerow1987">{{Harvnb|Meerow|1987}}</ref><ref name="Grossi 2010 240–1">{{Harvnb|Grossi|2010|pp=240–1}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
The genus name ''Eucrosia'' was published by  [John Bellenden Ker Gawler](/source/John_Bellenden_Ker) in 1817 with ''[Eucrosia bicolor](/source/Eucrosia_bicolor)'' {{small|Ker Gawl.}} as the type species.<ref name = "Tropicos" />

===Species===
{{As of|2025|August}}, [Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online) accepted six species:<ref name=POWO_1451-1>{{Cite POWO|title=''Eucrosia'' Ker Gawl..|id=1451-1|access-date=2025-08-01|mode=cs1}}</ref>

*''[Eucrosia aurantiaca](/source/Eucrosia_aurantiaca)'' <small>(Baker) Pax</small> – southern central Ecuador
*''[Eucrosia bicolor](/source/Eucrosia_bicolor)'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small> – Ecuador to Peru
*''[Eucrosia calendulina](/source/Eucrosia_calendulina)'' <small>[Meerow](/source/Alan_W._Meerow) & Sagást.</small> – Peru
*''[Eucrosia eucrosioides](/source/Eucrosia_eucrosioides)'' <small>(Herb.) Pax</small> – southwestern Ecuador to northern Peru
*''[Eucrosia mirabilis](/source/Eucrosia_mirabilis)'' <small>(Baker) Pax</small> – Peru, Ecuador
*''[Eucrosia stricklandii](/source/Eucrosia_stricklandii)'' <small>(Baker) Meerow</small> – Ecuador

Two formerly accepted species have been moved to other genera:
*''Eucrosia dodsonii'' <small>Meerow & Dehgan</small> = ''[Urceolina dodsonii](/source/Urceolina_dodsonii)'' <small>(Meerow & Dehgan) Meerow</small><ref name=MeerGardNaka20/>
*''Eucrosia tubiflora'' <small>Meerow</small> = ''[Stenomesson tubiflorum](/source/Stenomesson_tubiflorum)'' <small>(Meerow) Meerow</small>

==Distribution and habitat==

''Eucrosia'' is restricted to the central [Andes](/source/Andes) of Ecuador and Peru. All of the species are found only in small areas or as small numbers of individuals. Two species are [endemic](/source/Endemism) to Ecuador, one to Peru. Three further species are only occasionally found in Peru, being primarily distributed in Ecuador. All species of ''Eucrosia'' are adapted to seasonally dry habitats, found on the lower, Pacific-facing slopes of the Andes and the adjacent lowlands.<ref name="Meerow1987">{{Harvnb|Meerow|1987}}</ref><ref name="Grossi 2010 240–1"/><ref name=MeerGardNaka20/>

==Cultivation==
In cultivation, all species can be grown in pots in gritty soil in good light, being kept warm and dry when the leaves wither, and watered when the flowers or leaves begin to grow again. Only ''E. bicolor'' is widely grown.<ref>{{Harvnb|Grossi|2010|p=241}}</ref> ''Eucrosia'' has been successfully used in intergeneric hybridisation with ''[Rauhia](/source/Rauhia)''.<ref name = "Meerow et al., 1992">Meerow, A. W., Roh, M., & Lawson, R. S. (1992, May). [https://www.actahort.org/books/325/325_77.htm Breeding of ''Eucrosia'' (Amaryllidaceae) for cutflower and pot plant production.] In VI International Symposium on Flower Bulbs 325 (pp. 555-560).</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Citation |last=Grossi |first=Alberto |year=2010 |title=''Eucrosia'' in cultivation |journal=The Plantsman |series=New Series |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=239–244 }}
* {{Citation |last=Meerow |first=Alan W. |author-link=Alan W. Meerow |year=1987 |title=A Monograph of ''Eucrosia'' (Amaryllidaceae) |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=460–492 |jstor=2418883 |doi=10.2307/2418883}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Meerow |first1=Alan W. |last2=Gardner |first2=Elliot M. |last3=Nakamura |first3=Kyoko |date=2020 |title=Phylogenomics of the Andean Tetraploid Clade of the American Amaryllidaceae (Subfamily Amaryllidoideae): Unlocking a Polyploid Generic Radiation Abetted by Continental Geodynamics |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=11 |article-number=582422 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2020.582422 |pmid=33250911 |pmc=7674842 |issn=1664-462X |doi-access=free }}

==External links==
* [http://www.bulbsociety.org/GALLERY_OF_THE_WORLDS_BULBS/GRAPHICS/Eucrosia/Eucrosialist.shtml Images of ''Eucrosia'' species] from [http://www.bulbsociety.org The International Bulb Society website]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5406295}}

Category:Eucrosia
Category:Amaryllidaceae genera
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Eucrosia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucrosia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucrosia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.