# Etruscan cities

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Etruscan_cities
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Etruscan_cities.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_cities
> Source revision: 1347710000
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Main article: [Etruscan civilization](/source/Etruscan_civilization)

The area covered by the Etruscan civilisation.

**Etruscan cities** were a group of ancient settlements that shared a common [Etruscan](/source/Etruscan_civilization) language and culture, even though they were independent city-states. They flourished over a large part of the northern half of [Italy](/source/Italy) starting from the [Iron Age](/source/Roman_Iron_Age), and in some cases reached a substantial level of wealth and power. They were eventually assimilated first by [Italics](/source/Ancient_Italic_peoples) and ancient Greeks in the south, then by [Celts](/source/Celts) in the north and finally in [Etruria](/source/Etruria) itself by the growing [Roman Republic](/source/Roman_Republic).

The Etruscan names of the major cities whose names were later Romanised survived in inscriptions and are listed below. Some cities were founded by Etruscans in prehistoric times and bore entirely Etruscan names. Others, usually Italic in origin, were colonised by the Etruscans, who in turn Etruscanised their name (around 9 BC).

The estimates for the populations of the largest cities ([Veii](/source/Veii), [Volsinii](/source/Volsinii), [Caere](/source/Caere), [Vulci](/source/Vulci), [Tarquinia](/source/Tarquinia), [Populonia](/source/Populonia)) range between 25,000 and 40,000 each in the 6th century BC.[1][2][3][4]

## Twelve cities or nations

See also: [Lega dei popoli](/source/Lega_dei_popoli)

Of several [Etruscan leagues](/source/Lega_dei_popoli), the **Dodecapolis** ([Greek](/source/Greek_language) for "twelve cities") of the [Etruscan civilization](/source/Etruscan_civilization) is legendary amongst Roman authors, particularly [Livy](/source/Livy).[5] However the dodecapolis had no fixed roster and if a city was removed it was immediately replaced by another.[6] By the time the dodecapolis had sprung into the light of history, the Etruscan cities to the north had been assimilated by invasions of the Celts, and those of the south by infiltration of the Italics.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Etruscan cities were autonomous states, but they were linked in the dodecapolis and had a federal sanctuary at the Fanum Voltumnae near Volsinii.[7]

## Table of cities in Etruscan, Latin and Italian

The table below lists Etruscan cities most often included in the Dodecapolis as well as other cities for which there is any substantial evidence that they were once inhabited by Etruscans in any capacity. Roman and Italian names are given, but they are not necessarily etymologically related. For sources and etymologies (if any) refer to the linked articles.[8]

Etruscan Latin Italian Dodecapolis candidates Aritim, Arritim, Arreti, Areuthes Arrētium Arezzo Chaire, Chaisrie, Caisra, Kisra[citation needed] Caere, Agylla Cerveteri and its frazione Ceri Clevsin, Clevsi, Cleusina Clusium, Camars Chiusi Curtun, Curtna Cortōna Cortona Perusna, Persna, Pherusina Perusia Perugia Pupluna, Fufluna, Pupuluna Populōnia Populonia Tarchuna, Tarchna Tarquinii Tarquinia (Corneto) Vatluna, Vetluna, Vetaluna, Vatalu Vetulōnia Vetulonia Veia, Veina, Veis Veii Veio Velathri, Velathera, Felathri Volaterrae Volterra Velch, Velcal, Velcl Vulci Volci Velzna, Velxe, Velsu, Velusna, Velznani Volsinii Bolsena or Orvieto? Other Etrurian[9] Aisinia, Asinia Exinea, Sinea Signa Ampiles, Ampli, Ampile Emporium, Empulum Empoli Amre, Cameria, Amerite Ameria Amelia Aritma Artiminum Artimino Arrantia Ripa Arranciae Pomarance Aruina, Aruna, Priana Piscia Pescia Bellona, Bellonia Castrum Praedium, Pregium Preggio Birent, Birenz, Firens, Firez Florentia Firenze (Florence) Cahinias Caninium Canino Cainxna, Canxna, Cainchna Clantianum Chianciano Terme Caletra, Chalaitra Marsiliana Marsiliana d'Albegna Capalu Capalbium Capalbio Capna Capena Capena Care, Careia, Careias Careiae, Careae Galera, now abandoned Carhara, Carhaira Carraria Carrara Cassina Cassina, Cascina Cascina Catuna Cetona, Scitonia Cetona Ceicna, Caicni Caecina Cecina Cusi, Cuthi Cosa Ansedonia Felcina, Hulchena Fulginia Foligno Fernta, Frunth Ferentum Ferento Ficline Figulinae Figline Valdarno Ficrine Fregenae Fregene Fullona Fullonica Follonica Halethi, Halesi, Phlesnas Falerii Civita Castellana Hepa, Heva Heba Magliano in Toscana Hortia Corchianum Corchiano Hurta, Hurt Horta Orte Icuvina, Ikuvina (Umbrian *Ikuvium) Iguvium, Eugubinum Gubbio Larthial Larcianum Larciano Liburna, Leburna Labro Livorno Luca Luca Lucca Luna Luna Luni Manthra Marturanum Barbarano Romano Martha, Marath Marta Marta Marturi Podium Bonitii Poggibonsi Mevana, Mevania Bevania, Maevania Bevagna Narce Narce Mazzano Romano Nepete, Nepet Colonia Nepensis Nepi Northia Nursia Norcia Nurcla, Orcla Orclae Norchia Phlera, Velera, Plais Blera Blera Pisna, Pise, Peithusa, Pithsa Pisae Pisa Pisturim Pistoriae, Pistorium Pistoia Pulianu, Purthna, Pulthna Mons Politianus Montepulciano Rasela, Rusle Rusellae Roselle, Grosseto Raisne, Rasiniena Rasinianum Rosignano Ratumna Balneum Regium Bagnoregio Ruvfna Rufina Rufina Sabate Trebonianum Trevignano Romano Sabatia Angularia Sabatina Anguillara Sabazia Saena, Sena, Saina Saena Siena Satria Vicus Sartarianus Sarteano Scansna Scansanum Scansano Sveama, Sveiam, Suana Suana Sovana Statna, Staitne, Statues, Staties Statōnia Disputed[10] Surha Aquipendium Acquapendente Surina, Surrena, Surna Surrīna, Vetus Urbs Viterbo Surina, Surrina, Surna Sorianum Soriano Suthri Sutrium Sutri Teramna Interamna Terni Thefarne Tifernum Tiberinum Città di Castello Tlamu, Tlamun, Telmu, Tulumne, Tlamne Telamōn Talamone Trepla Trebula Trebula Tular, Tuter Tuder Todi Thulfa, Thulpha Tulpha Tolfa Tusena Tuscana Tuscania Ucrisla Ocriculum Otricoli Urcia Vetus Aula, Veter Galla Vetralla Urcla, Orcla Vicus Orclanus Vitorchiano Urina, Aurina, Aurinia Saturnia Saturnia Veltha, Veltuna, Veltumna, Voltumna Mons Faliscorum Montefiascone Velturei Veclanum Vecchiano Vetumna Vettona Bettona Vesnth, Vishnth Visentium Bisenzio Vipena, Viplnei, Vipienas Viblena, Viblenium Bibbiena Visul, Vipsul, Visal, Viesul Faesulae Fiesole Vrenth Verentum Valentano Etruscan Latin Italian Northern (Etruria Padana) Arciun Artionis, Vicus Popilius Riccione Arimna, Harimne Ariminum Rimini Atria, Hatria Adria Adria (Berua) Vicentia Vicenza Cainua Misa, Misanum, Mysa Marzabotto Cainua, Kainua, or Stalia, Stala Genua Genova (Genoa) Charumna, Carmna Cremona Cremona Ceisna Caesena Cesena Clavna Clavenna Chiavenna Felsna, Felsina, Velzna Bonōnia Bologna Felthuri, Velhatre Feltria Feltre Ficline Forum Livii Forlì Ficocle Phycocle, Caervia Cervia Huthine, Huthina Utina, Utinum Udine Manthva, Manthava Mantua Mantova (Mantua) Melp, Melph, Melphe, Melpu Melpum, Meltium Melzo Methlan Mediolanum Milano (Milan) Misala Herberia Rubiera Muthice, Muntha Modicia Monza Mutina, Mutna, Muthna Mutina Modena Parma, Parmna, Paruma Parma Parma Pathva Patavium Padova (Padua) [Pauia] Ticinum, Papia Pavia Percumsna, Pergomsna, Percme, Percums Bergomum Bergamo Permu Firmum Fermo Pilthi, Pilithi Bilitio Bellinzona Purthanas Portus Naonis Pordenone Ravena, Ravna Ravenna Ravenna Spina Spina abandoned Tarcste Tergeste Trieste Trenta Tridentum Trento Uscla Oscela Domodossola Verna, Veruna, Verunia Verona, Vernomagus Verona Vipitene, Vipitenas, Viptena Vipitenum Vipiteno Vrixia Brixia Brescia Southern (Etruria Campana) Achra, Acre Acerrae Acerra Aisarna Aesernia Isernia Amina Picentia Pontecagnano Anth Antium Anzio Azcule Asculum Ascoli Piceno Caithi Caieta Gaeta Cale, Cali Cales Calvi Risorta Calipulis Callipolis Gallipoli Canuza Canusium Canosa di Puglia Capua, Capeva, Capava, Capuva, Campeva Capua Capua Cavi, Kavi Gabii Gabi Cura Cora Cori Fanacni Anagnia Anagni Frentina Ferentinum Ferentino Frusna, Frusina, Fursina, Prusetna Frusino Frosinone Galatia Casa Irta Caserta Herclena Herculaneum Ercolano Inarime Pitecusa, Greek Pithekoussai Ischia Irna Salernum Salerno Irnthi Surrentum Sorrento Marcina Marcina Cava de' Tirreni and Vietri sul Mare Nepulis Neapolis Napoli (Naples) Nucra Nuceria Alfaterna Nocera Superiore Nula (Oscan *Nuvla) Nola Nola Pumpai Pompeii Pompei Regiu Rhegium Reggio di Calabria Remnun Tibur Tivoli Ruma, (Rumna) Roma Roma (Rome) Suessula abandoned Tara Tarentum Taranto Tarchna, Tarkina Tarracina Terracina Uvila Bovillae Frattocchie Velkha Volcei Buccino Veltri, Velthri Velitrae Velletri Corsican Alalia Aleria Aleria Sardinian Caralu Caralis Cagliari

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Turfa, Jean MacIntosh (13 November 2014). [*The Etruscan World*](https://books.google.com/books?id=n5g3h5G16EkC&q=Tarquinia+40%2C000+people&pg=PT1774). Routledge. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1134055302](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1134055302). Retrieved 24 October 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Pounds, Normal J. G. (16 December 1976). [*An Historical Geography of Europe 450 B.C.-A.D. 1330*](https://books.google.com/books?id=owY4AAAAIAAJ&q=etruscan+city+cerveteri+30%2C000+people&pg=PA54). Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780521291262](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521291262). Retrieved 24 October 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["The Process of Urbanization of Etruscan Settlements from the Late Villanovan to the Late Archaic Period (End of the Eighth to the Beginning of the Fifth Century B.C.) : Presentation of a Project and Preliminary Results"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023613/http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=etruscan_studies). Scholarworks.umass.edu. Archived from [the original](http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=etruscan_studies) (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [*Production, Consumption and Society in North Etruria During the Archaic and ...*](https://web.archive.org/web/20141024131141/http://books.google.dk/books?id=nvsWZxKAa_4C&pg=PA224&lpg=PA224&dq=etruscan+city+Veii+had+up+to+32,000+people&source=bl&ots=dLn3myE8M1&sig=1ufDQL4v3K9X2PwtwjY6azVgZrw&hl=da&sa=X&ei=I9FDU5K4GcLq4gSf44HoDg&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=etruscan%20city%20Veii%20had%20up%20to%2032%2C000%20people&f=false) [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780549558491](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780549558491). Archived from [the original](https://books.google.com/books?id=nvsWZxKAa_4C&q=etruscan+city+Veii+had+up+to+32%2C000+people&pg=PA224) on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Livy VII.21

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** George Dennis, the Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria. London, Appendix to Chapter I, Note IV. Available at [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/_Periods/Roman/Archaic/Etruscan/_Texts/DENETR*/home.html](http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/_Periods/Roman/Archaic/Etruscan/_Texts/DENETR*/home.html)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Cary_7-0)** Cary, M.; H.H. Scullard (1979). *A History of Rome* (3rd ed.). p. 25. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-312-38395-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-38395-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** The Bonfantes (2002) pages 222-223 have published a good overall list.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Parts of ancient Etruria near Rome are now in [Lazio](/source/Lazio). This account accepts the ancient boundary along the [Tiber](/source/Tiber).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Statonia"](http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/statonia_res-68e64f8c-66c5-11e1-b491-d5ce3506d72e_%28Enciclopedia-dell%27-Arte-Antica%29/). *Enciclopedia dell'arte antica*. [Treccani](/source/Treccani). 1997.

## Sources

- [Bonfante, G.](/source/Giuliano_Bonfante); [L. Bonfante](/source/Larissa_Bonfante) (2002). *The Etruscan Language. An Introduction*. Manchester University Press.

- [Dennis, George](/source/George_Dennis_(explorer)) (1848). [*The Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria*](https://archive.org/details/citiesandcemete03denngoog). London: John Murray. Available in the Gazetteer of Bill Thayer's Website at [\[1\]](https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/_Periods/Roman/Archaic/Etruscan/_Texts/DENETR*/home.html)

## Further reading

- Dennis, George. 1883. *The cities and cemeteries of Etruria.* 2nd ed. London: John Murray.

- De Puma, Richard D., and J. Penny Small, eds. 1994. *Murlo and the Etruscans: Art and society in ancient Etruria.* Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

- Drago Troccoli, Luciana. 2006. *Cerveteri.* Rome: Libreria dello Stato.

- Hall, John F., ed. 1996. *Etruscan Italy: Etruscan influences on the civilizations of Italy from antiquity to the modern era.* Provo, UT: Museum of Art, Brigham Young University.

- Haynes, Sybille. 2000. *Etruscan civilization: A cultural history.* Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.

- Leighton, Robert. 2004. *Tarquinia: An Etruscan city.* London: Duckworth.

- Phillips, Kyle M., Jr. 1993. *In the hills of Tuscany: Recent excavations at the Etruscan site of Poggio Civitate (Murlo, Siena).* Philadelphia: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.

- Riccioni, Giuliana. 1979. "Vulci: A topographical and cultural survey." In *Italy before the Romans: The Iron Age, Orientalizing, and Etruscan periods.* Edited by David Ridgway and Francesca R. Ridgway, 241–76. London and New York: Academic Press.

- [Turfa, Jean MacIntosh](/source/Turfa%2C_Jean_MacIntosh), ed. 2013. *The Etruscan World.* Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

## External links

[Library resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library) about
 **Etruscan cities**

- [Online books](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Etruscan+cities&library=OLBP)

- [Resources in your library](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Etruscan+cities)

- [Resources in other libraries](https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Etruscan+cities&library=0CHOOSE0)

- [Names of the member-cities of the Etruscan Leagues (c. 750–270 BC) in Etruscan and Italian](http://www.itamerensuomi.net/etno/it_Etruscan_Leagues.pdf)[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

v t e Etruscan civilization History Origins Villanovan culture Padanian Etruria Founding of Rome Tyrrhenus Tyrrhenians Tarchon Aulus Vibenna Caelius Vibenna Capys Lucius Tarquinius Priscus Tanaquil Servius Tullius Lucius Tarquinius Superbus Arruns Tarquinius (son of Tarquin the Proud) Lars Porsena Lars Tolumnius Titus Vestricius Spurinna Culture and society Apollo of Veii Architecture Art Chimera of Arezzo Coins Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum Etruscan League Etruscan names for Greek heroes Tiburtine Sibyl Fanum Voltumnae Haruspex/Extispicy Jewelry Lausus Liver of Piacenza Mezentius Monterozzi necropolis Mythological figures Persius Poppilia Raeti Religion Sarcophagus of the Spouses Tages Terracotta warriors Titus Larcius Tomb of the Roaring Lions Vegoia Vulca Military history Battle of Alalia (540 BC–535 BC) Battle of Cumae (524 BC) Siege of Rome (509 BC) Siege of Rome (508 BC) Battle of the Cremera (477 BC) Battle of Cumae (474 BC) Battle of Fidenae (437 BC) Capture of Fidenae (435 BC) Battle of Veii (c. 396 BC) Battle of Lake Vadimo (310 BC) Battle of Populonia (282 BC) Roman-Etruscan Wars Language Alphabet Cippus Perusinus Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum Liber Linteus Pyrgi Tablets Raetic language Lemnian language Tabula Capuana Tabula Cortonensis Tyrsenian languages English words of Etruscan origin Archeology Bucchero Cuniculi Etruscology Impasto (pottery) Monteleone Chariot National Etruscan Museum Negau helmet Portonaccio Tarquinia National Museum Tomb of Orcus Tumulus of Montefortini Vicus Tuscus Key sites Acquarossa Adria Aleria Baratti Bologna Caere Ceri Cerveteri Civita di Bagnoregio Clusium Cumae Etruria Falerii Fescennia Fidenae Norchia Orvieto Perusia Poggio Colla Populonia Pyrgi Rusellae San Giovenale Spina Tarquinia Tuscania Veii Vetulonia Vie Cave Volsinii Volterra Vulci Portal

v t e List of historic states of Italy Pre-Roman period Etruscan civilization Etruria Samnites Latins Osci Celts Cisalpine Gaul Veneti Ligures Nuragic civilization Umbri Magna Graecia Iapygians Picentes Ancient Rome Roman Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC) Roman Republic (509 BC–27 BC) Roman Empire (27 BC–395 AD) Western Roman Empire (395–476 AD) Medieval and Early Modern states Barbarian kingdoms (476–774) Odoacer's rule (476–493) Ostrogothic rule (493–553) Vandal rule (435–534) Lombard rule (568–774) Duchy of Benevento Duchy of Friuli Duchy of Ivrea Duchy of Spoleto Duchy of Tridentum Duchy of Tuscia Byzantine Empire (584–751) Exarchate of Ravenna (584–751) Duchy of Rome (533–751) Duchy of Perugia (554–752) Duchy of the Pentapolis (554–752) Exarchate of Africa (585–698) Papal States (754–1870) Patrimony of Saint Peter Campagna e Marittima Province Holy See Commune of Rome Duchy of Castro Duchy of Ferrara Duchy of Parma and Piacenza Duchy of Urbino Holy Roman Empire and other independent states Bishopric of Bressanone Corsican Republic City of Fiume and its District County of Gorizia Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca County of Guastalla County of Santa Fiora Duchy of Guastalla Kingdom of Italy Ancona Ceva Finale March of Friuli Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia) Ivrea Istria Mantua Milan March of Montferrat Duchy of Montferrat Trieste Turin Tuscany Verona Duchy of Ivrea Duchy of Milan Duchy of Mantua Duchy of Massa and Carrara Duchy of Merania Duchy of Mirandola Duchy of Modena and Reggio County of Novellara and Bagnolo Principality of Piombino Duchy of Reggio Marquisate of Saluzzo Duchy of Spoleto Bishopric of Tarantasia Prince-Bishopric of Trento Grand Duchy of Tuscany Savoyard state Savoy County of Savoy Piedmont Duchy of Aosta County of Nice County of Tenda Republic of Venice (697–1797) Dogado Domini di Terraferma Stato da Màr Other Republics (c. 1000–1797) Republic of Cospaia Republic of Florence Republic of Lucca Republic of Massa Republic of Siena Republic of Genoa Republic of Noli Republic of Pisa Republic of Ancona Southern Italy (774–1139) Byzantine Duchy of Amalfi Duchy of Gaeta Catepanate of Italy Longobardia Theme of Lucania Duchy of Naples Theme of Sicily and Byzantine Sicily Duchy of Sorrento Arab Emirate of Bari Muslim Sicily Lombard Principality of Benevento Principality of Salerno Principality of Capua Norman County of Apulia and Calabria County of Aversa County of Sicily Principality of Taranto Sardinia (from the 9th century) Judicates Agugliastra Arborea Cagliari Gallura Logudoro Oristano Republic of Sassari Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1861) Kingdom of Sicily (1130–1816) and Kingdom of Naples (1282–1816) State of the Presidi Duke of San Donato Duchy of Sora Duchy of Bari County of Lecce Principality of Taranto Terra Sancti Benedicti Neapolitan Republic (1647–1648) Hospitaller Malta Gozo Malta Protectorate Crown Colony of Malta French Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras (1792–1815) Republics Cisalpinia Cispadania Italy Liguria Lucca Parthenopea Piedmont Rome Subalpinia Transpadania Monarchies Benevento Etruria Guastalla Italy Lucca and Piombino Massa and Carrara Naples Pontecorvo Benevento Tuscany Elba Corsica Post-Napoleonic states Duchy of Genoa (1815–1848) Duchy of Lucca (1815–1847) Duchy of Massa and Carrara (1814–1829) Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1814–1859) Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (1814–1859) Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1815–1859) Italian United Provinces (1831) Provisional Government of Milan (1848) Republic of San Marco (1848–1849) Roman Republic (1849–1850) United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860) Kingdom of Sardinia (1814–1860) Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816–1861) Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (1815–1866) Papal States (1814–1870) Post-unification Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) Italian Empire (1882–1960) Free State of Fiume (1920–1924) Italian Social Republic (1943–1945) Free Territory of Trieste (1947–1954)

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Etruscan cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_cities) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_cities?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.