# Eternal flame

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{{short description|Continuously burning fire or lamp}}
{{other uses|Eternal flame (disambiguation)}}
{{For|the concept in the work of J.R.R. Tolkien|Flame Imperishable}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2016}}

[[File:Nizhny Novgorod Eternal Flame 01.JPG|thumb|[Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin](/source/Nizhny_Novgorod_Kremlin) eternal flame [memorial](/source/memorial)izing losses during [World War II](/source/World_War_II).]]

An '''eternal flame''' is a flame, lamp or torch that burns for an indefinite time. Most eternal flames are ignited and tended intentionally. However, some are natural phenomena caused by [natural gas](/source/natural_gas) leaks, [peat fire](/source/peat_fire)s and [coal seam fire](/source/coal_seam_fire)s, all of which can be initially ignited by lightning, [piezoelectricity](/source/piezoelectricity) or human activity, some of which have burned for hundreds or thousands of years.

In ancient times, eternal flames were fueled by [wood](/source/wood) or [olive oil](/source/olive_oil);{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} modern examples usually use a piped supply of [propane](/source/propane) or natural gas. Human-created eternal flames most often [commemorate](/source/Memorial) a person or event of national significance, serve as a symbol of an enduring nature such as a [religious belief](/source/religious_belief), or a reminder of commitment to a common goal, such as [diplomacy](/source/diplomacy).

==Religious and cultural significance==
[[File:St. Matthews Chancel.jpg|thumb|A chancel lamp hangs above the [altar](/source/altar) of [St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church](/source/St._Matthew's_German_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church)]]

The eternal fire is a long-standing tradition in many cultures and religions. In [ancient Iran](/source/History_of_Iran) the ''[atar](/source/atar)'' was tended by a dedicated priest and represented the concept of "divine sparks" or ''[Amesha Spenta](/source/Amesha_Spenta),'' as understood in [Zoroastrianism](/source/Zoroastrianism). Period sources indicate that three "great fires" existed in the [Achaemenid](/source/Achaemenid) era of Persian history, which are collectively considered the earliest reference to the practice of creating ever-burning community fires.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1077/|title=Takht-e Sulaiman|first=UNESCO Centre du patrimoine|last=mondial|website=UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial}}</ref>

The eternal flame was a component of the Jewish religious rituals performed in the [Tabernacle](/source/Tabernacle) and later in the [Temple in Jerusalem](/source/Temple_in_Jerusalem), where a commandment required a fire to burn continuously upon the Outer [Altar](/source/Altar_(Bible)).<ref>[Leviticus](/source/Book_of_Leviticus) 6:12: "And the fire upon the altar shall be burning in it; it shall not be put out: and the priest shall burn wood on it every morning, and lay the burnt offering in order upon it; and he shall burn thereon the fat of the peace offerings" [http://bible.cc/leviticus/6-12.htm Biblos Cross-referenced Holy Bible (King James version)]</ref> Modern Judaism continues a similar tradition by having a [sanctuary lamp](/source/sanctuary_lamp), the ''ner tamid'', always lit above [the ark](/source/ark_(synagogue)) in the synagogue. After [World War II](/source/World_War_II), such flames gained further meaning, as a reminder of the six million Jews killed in [the Holocaust](/source/the_Holocaust). Judaism has a concept of a נר תמיד or everlasting flame. This is commonly found hanging in front of the Aron Kodesh (holy ark) in orthodox Synagogues. It is meant as a remembrance of the Temple. Occasionally this flame is a fire which is kept lit 24/7. Other times it is merely electric and stays on all the time.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

In traditional Christian denominations, such as [Catholicism](/source/Catholic_Church) and [Lutheranism](/source/Lutheranism), a [chancel lamp](/source/altar_lamp) continuously burns as an indication of the [real presence of Christ in the Eucharist](/source/real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hall |first1=Ashley |title=Sanctuary lamp |url=https://www.kmlchurch.org/worship-corner/sanctuary-lamp/ |publisher=Kountze Memorial Lutheran Church |access-date=20 May 2023 |language=English |date=2012 |archive-date=July 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717182529/https://kmlchurch.org/worship-corner/sanctuary-lamp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [Cherokee Nation](/source/Cherokee_Nation_(19th_century)) maintained a fire at the seat of government until ousted by the [Indian Removal Act](/source/Indian_Removal_Act) in 1830. At that time, embers from the last great council fire were carried west to the nation's new home in the [Oklahoma Territory](/source/Oklahoma_Territory). The flame, maintained in Oklahoma, was carried back to the last seat of the Cherokee government at [Red Clay State Park](/source/Red_Clay_State_Park) in south-eastern [Tennessee](/source/Tennessee), to the [Museum of the Cherokee People](/source/Museum_of_the_Cherokee_People) in [Cherokee, North Carolina](/source/Cherokee%2C_North_Carolina), and to the Cherokee Nation Tribal Complex in [Tahlequah, Oklahoma](/source/Tahlequah%2C_Oklahoma).<ref name="cherokee">''From the First Rising Sun: The Real Prehistory of the Cherokee People and Nation According to Oral Traditions, Legends, and Myths''. Charla Jean Morris. Author House, Bloomington, IN: 2011. Page xvii.</ref>

In China, it has at times been common to establish an eternally lit lamp as a visible aspect of [ancestor veneration](/source/ancestor_veneration); it is set in front of a [spirit tablet](/source/spirit_tablet) on the family's ancestral altar.<ref name="columbia-as">{{cite web|url=http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/cosmos/prb/journey.htm|title=Settling the Dead: Funerals, Memorials, and Beliefs Concerning the Afterlife|publisher=Asia for Educators, [Columbia University](/source/Columbia_University)|access-date=2010-05-04}}</ref>

==Extinguished flames==

* [Eternal fire at Nymphaion sanctuary](/source/Nymphaion_(fire_sanctuary)) in southern [Illyria](/source/Illyria). Placed around the lower [Vjosë/Aoos](/source/Ao%C3%B6s) river near ancient [Apollonia](/source/Apollonia_(Illyria)) and present-day [Selenica](/source/Selenica), [Albania](/source/Albania), the area was occupied by [Illyrians](/source/Illyrians) since before [archaic colonial](/source/Greek_colonisation) times, and the site was likely already a place of worship because of its peculiar physical properties.<ref>{{cite book|last=Larson|first=Jennifer Lynn|title=Greek Nymphs: Myth, Cult, Lore|publisher=[Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press)|location=New York|year=2001|isbn=978-0-19-514465-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ww3m1vSRtsC&pg=PA162|page=162}}</ref> According to ancient literary accounts the fire of the sanctuary never went out before an ancient war fought between Apollonia and the Illyrians.<ref>{{cite book|last=Pajón Leyra|first=Irene|title=Historiography and Mythography in the Aristotelian Mirabilia|chapter=Islands and their marvels as structural principle in the so-called historiographical section of the ''De mirabilibus auscultationibus''|editor=Stefan Schorn, Robert Mayhew|series=Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2023|isbn=9781000986105|doi=10.4324/9781003437819-2|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPnZEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT133|page=133}}</ref>
* One of the three "Great Flames" of the [Achaemenid Empire](/source/Achaemenid_Empire) was extinguished during the reign of [Alexander the Great](/source/Alexander_the_Great) to honour the death of his close friend [Hephaestion](/source/Hephaestion) in 324 BC.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bosworth |first1=A. B. |last2=Baynham |first2=Elizabeth |title=Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction |date=2002 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-925275-6 |page=158 |url=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Alexander_the_Great_in_Fact_and_Fiction/XcWD9idtjaMC?hl=pt-BR&gbpv=1&&pg=PA158 |language=en}}</ref>
* The [Hebrew Bible](/source/Hebrew_Bible) commands that "The fire shall ever be burning upon the altar; it shall never go out" ([Leviticus](/source/Leviticus) 6:13,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/vayikra-leviticus-chapter-6 | website=[Jewish Virtual Library](/source/Jewish_Virtual_Library) | title=Vayikra (Leviticus): Chapter 6}}</ref> [JPS](/source/Jewish_Publication_Society)), regarding the [altar of Burnt Offering](/source/Altar_(Bible)) in the [Tabernacle](/source/Tabernacle), and later the altars in [Solomon's Temple](/source/Solomon's_Temple) and the [Second Temple](/source/Second_Temple) (the latter sacked by Rome in 70 AD). Many churches (especially Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran), along with Jewish synagogues, feature an eternal flame on or hung above their [altar](/source/altar)s (churches) or [Torah ark](/source/Torah_ark)s (synagogues).
* The [Sacred fire of Vesta](/source/Sacred_fire_of_Vesta) in Ancient Rome, which burned within the Temple of Vesta on the [Roman Forum](/source/Roman_Forum), was extinguished in 394 AD.
* The sacred fire of the [Celtic](/source/Celtic_mythology) goddess [Brigid](/source/Brigid) burned at [Kildare](/source/Kildare), Ireland in pagan times and the fire was continued when the site was Christianised by [Saint Brigid](/source/Brigid_of_Kildare) in the 5th century AD. It continued burning until the 16th-century [Dissolution of the Monasteries](/source/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kildare.ie/community/notices/perpetual-flame.asp|title=Lighting the Perpetual Flame of Brigid - A brief history of the flame|website=www.kildare.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://voicesfromthedawn.com/kildare-round-tower-and-fire-temple/|title=Kildare Round Tower and St. Brigid's Fire Temple|date=September 8, 2010}}</ref>
* The eternal flame near the [Bronze Soldier of Tallinn](/source/Bronze_Soldier_of_Tallinn) in Estonia was extinguished after the country gained independence from the [USSR](/source/USSR) in 1991.

thumb|Prismatically broken eternal flame at World War II memorial in East Berlin

* The eternal flame that was part of the [East German](/source/German_Democratic_Republic) "Memorial to the Victims of Fascism and Militarism" at the [Neue Wache](/source/Neue_Wache) in East Berlin was removed after the 1990 [German reunification](/source/German_reunification). In 1993, the space was redesigned without a flame and rededicated as the "Central Memorial of the Federal Republic of Germany for the Victims of War and Tyranny".
* [Llama de la Libertad](/source/Llama_de_la_Libertad) lit by [Augusto Pinochet](/source/Augusto_Pinochet) in 1975 in to commemorate the [1973 Chilean coup d'etat](/source/1973_Chilean_coup_d'etat) against [Salvador Allende](/source/Salvador_Allende). It was extinguished in 2004.<ref name=abc>{{Cite web|url=http://archivo.abc.com.py/2004-10-19/articulos/140158/apagan-la-llama-eterna-de-la-libertad-encendida-por-pinochet | website=[ABC Color](/source/ABC_Color) | title=Apagan la "Llama Eterna de la Libertad" encendida por Pinochet |date=October 19, 2004 |access-date=February 22, 2013 |language=es}}</ref>
* A {{convert|23|m|adj=on}} high [Eternal flame monument](/source/Eternal_Flame_(Belgrade)) was erected in Belgrade in 2000, to commemorate the victims of 1999 [NATO bombing of Yugoslavia](/source/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia). The flame was extinguished just months later, after the [overthrow of Slobodan Milošević](/source/overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87).
* A lighthouse-like memorial in the suburb of [Eira](/source/Eira) in [Helsinki](/source/Helsinki), [Finland](/source/Finland) was originally erected in honour of the Finnish seamen and [seafaring](/source/seafaring). It later became a symbol of those who have perished at the sea, the [Baltic Sea](/source/Baltic_Sea) in particular.<ref>{{cite web|title=Merenkulkijoiden ja mereen menehtyneiden muistomerkki|url=http://www.taidemuseo.fi/suomi/veisto/veistossivu.html?id=183&sortby=artist|website=Julkiset veistokset|publisher=Helsingin kaupungin taidemuseo|access-date=December 10, 2014|language=fi}}</ref> A minor controversy arose when the flame was temporarily extinguished, to conserve gas, technically meaning the flame was not an eternal one. It had been relit but in the middle 2010s, the city of Helsinki grew tired of having to relight the flame and decided to put it out for good.<ref>Eklund, Ville: [https://www.mtvuutiset.fi/artikkeli/muistomerkin-ikuinen-tuli-sammuili-jatkuvasti-tuulenpuuskiin-helsingissa-kaupunki-sammutti-tulen-ei-ole-ollut-vuosiin-ikuinen/7148616 Muistomerkin "ikuinen tuli" sammuili jatkuvasti tuulenpuuskiin Helsingissä – kaupunki sammutti tulen: "Ei ole ollut vuosiin ikuinen"], MTV Uutiset 3 November 2018. Accessed on 9 January 2021.</ref>
* At the Buddhist temple [Daishō-in](/source/Daish%C5%8D-in_(Miyajima)), at [Mount Misen](/source/Mount_Misen), [Itsukushima](/source/Itsukushima), where the flame is said to have been burning since AD 806, for more than 1,200 years<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nihonsankei.sakura.ne.jp/eng/miyajima.html |title=Miyajima |access-date=2007-06-25 |author=Nihonsankei |work=The three most scenic spots in Japan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215103502/http://nihonsankei.sakura.ne.jp/eng/miyajima.html |archive-date=December 15, 2007 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The Sacred Fire Hall of the temple was completely burned in a fire at around {{nowrap|8:30 a.m.}}{{nbsp}}[Japan Standard Time](/source/Japan_Standard_Time) on 20 May 2026 ({{nowrap|23:30 p.m. UTC,}} 19{{nbsp}}May).<ref name="destroyed" />

==Current man-made eternal flames==

===Europe===

====Belarus====
* [Minsk](/source/Minsk), at the [Victory Square](/source/Victory_Square%2C_Minsk), lit in 1961.
* [Baranovichi](/source/Baranovichi), at the memorial of the fallen during the Great Patriotic War, lit in 1964.
* [Brest](/source/Brest%2C_Belarus), near the ruins of the Engineering Administration, lit in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://old.brest-fortress.by/en/memorialnyj-kompleks/115-eternal-flame.html|title=The Eternal Flame|website=old.brest-fortress.by|access-date=August 10, 2020|archive-date=May 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509221033/http://old.brest-fortress.by/en/memorialnyj-kompleks/115-eternal-flame.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Belgium====
* [Brussels](/source/Brussels), at the foot of the [Congress Column](/source/Congress_Column), surmounting the [Tomb of the Unknown Soldier](/source/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier).

====Bosnia and Herzegovina====
[[File:Eternal flame - Sarajevo.jpg|thumb|Eternal Flame in [Sarajevo](/source/Sarajevo)]]

* [Sarajevo](/source/Sarajevo), the [Sarajevo eternal flame (Vječna vatra)](/source/Eternal_flame_(Sarajevo)), in memory of the military and civilian victims of the Second World War.

====Bulgaria====
* [Sofia](/source/Sofia), at the [Monument to the Unknown Soldier](/source/Monument_to_the_Unknown_Soldier%2C_Sofia)
* [Pazardzhik](/source/Pazardzhik), at the Flower of Eternal Flame<ref>{{cite news |title=Pazardzhik became a home of peace |url=https://pzdnes.com/2023/09/23/%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%b8-%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%80-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b6%d0%b8%d0%ba-%d1%81%d0%b5-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b2%d1%8a%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b2-%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%bc/?fbclid=IwAR140l90b-p9-SPzIRNyYp8yHi1u1DLuw7tMddn5vttSssOY8iy1Nn-OCbA |access-date=24 September 2023 |agency=PZ |date=2023-09-24 |language=bg}}</ref>

====Croatia====
* [Zagreb](/source/Zagreb), in front of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in memory of the police officers killed in the [Croatian War of Independence](/source/Croatian_War_of_Independence)
* [Sisak](/source/Sisak), in [Dr. Franjo Tuđman Park](/source/Dr._Franjo_Tu%C4%91man_Park), in front of the city market and swimming pool, in memory of soldiers fallen in the [Croatian War of Independence](/source/Croatian_War_of_Independence). It is still active, but has been vandalised and put out several times throughout history.<ref>{{Cite web |last=R. |first=A. |date=12 July 2017 |title=U Sisku ugašen vječni plamen na spomeniku palim braniteljima |url=https://www.index.hr/amp/vijesti/clanak/foto-u-sisku-ugasen-vjecni-plamen-na-spomeniku-palim-braniteljima/982283.aspx |website=Index.hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huzjak |first=Ivica |date=29 October 2019 |title=Ugašen vječni plamen nad spomenikom poginulim hrvatskim braniteljima u Sisku |url=https://www.uhbhep.hr/rosh/vandalizma-nad-spomenikom-poginulim-hrvatskim-braniteljima/ }}</ref>

====France====
[[File:Paris Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile Grabmal des Unbekannten Soldaten 1.jpg|thumb|Tomb of the Unknown Soldier with eternal flame beneath the [Arc de Triomphe](/source/Arc_de_Triomphe) in [Paris](/source/Paris)]]

* Paris, the [Tomb of the Unknown Soldier](/source/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(France)) under the archway at the [Arc de Triomphe](/source/Arc_de_Triomphe), which has burned since 1923, and continuously since 1998, in memory of all who died in World War I. It was briefly extinguished during the 1998 World Cup by a drunk tourist.
* [Arras](/source/Arras), at the [Notre Dame de Lorette](/source/Notre_Dame_de_Lorette) war memorial.

====Germany====
* [Berlin](/source/Berlin), at the [Theodor-Heuss-Platz](/source/Theodor-Heuss-Platz)
* [Munich](/source/Munich), in the [Square of the Victims of National Socialism](/source/Square_of_the_Victims_of_National_Socialism) (''Platz der Opfer des Nationalsozialismus'')

====Hungary====
* [Budapest](/source/Budapest), in 2nd district [Imre Nagy](/source/Imre_Nagy) Square the "Flame Of The Revolution", commemorating the revolutionaries of the [1956 uprising](/source/1956_Hungarian_Revolution) against control by the Soviet Union.
* [Budapest](/source/Budapest), at the corner of Báthory Street and Hold Street burns [Batthyány's sanctuary lamp](/source/Batthy%C3%A1ny's_sanctuary_lamp).

====Ireland====
* [Dublin](/source/Dublin), at the junction of Amiens St and Memorial Road, the [Universal Links on Human Rights](/source/Universal_Links_on_Human_Rights) by [Amnesty International](/source/Amnesty_International), honouring [prisoners of conscience](/source/prisoners_of_conscience).
* Dublin, at Merrion Square Park, the [National Memorial to members of the Defence Forces](/source/National_Memorial_to_members_of_the_Defence_Forces) burns to honour those who have lost their lives in the service of the Irish State.
* [Kildare](/source/Kildare), a perpetual flame burns in the town square. It was formerly housed, since 1993, at Solas Bhríde, a sanctuary run by the Catholic Brigidine sisters. The modern flame rekindles the original one burned by the sisters of [Saint Brigit](/source/Brigid_of_Kildare) in Kildare, which was extinguished during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
* [New Ross](/source/New_Ross), at a new monument to Irish emigrants. On June 18, 2013, a torch from the eternal flame at the [John F. Kennedy](/source/John_F._Kennedy) grave at [Arlington National Cemetery](/source/Arlington_National_Cemetery) was used to light this flame.

====Italy====
* [Madonna del Ghisallo](/source/Madonna_del_Ghisallo), near [Lake Como](/source/Lake_Como), for all cyclists who have died.
* Rome, on the [Altare della Patria](/source/Altare_della_Patria), for the [Unknown Soldier](/source/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Italy)).

====Latvia====
thumb|The eternal flame at Brothers' Cemetery, Riga, Latvia

* [Riga](/source/Riga), at [Brothers' Cemetery](/source/Brothers'_Cemetery) or Cemetery of the Brethren (''Brāļu Kapi''), a military cemetery and national monument memorializing thousands of Latvian soldiers who were killed between 1915 and 1920 in World War I and the Latvian War of Independence. The memorial was built between 1924 and 1936, and designed by sculptor Kārlis Zāle.

====Lithuania====
* [Kaunas](/source/Kaunas), at the Tomb of Unknown Soldier, in the Square of Unity in front of the [Vytautas the Great War Museum](/source/Vytautas_the_Great_War_Museum).

====Luxembourg====
* [Luxembourg City](/source/Luxembourg_City), near the [Place du Saint-Esprit](/source/Place_du_Saint-Esprit), in memory of all Luxembourgers fallen in World War II.

====Malta====
* [Floriana](/source/Floriana), inaugurated in 2012. Two eternal flames are placed beside the [War Memorial](/source/War_Memorial_(Floriana)), dedicated to all the Maltese dead of World War I and World War II.<ref>{{cite news|title=Eternal flame will honour the war dead in Floriana|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20120104/local/Eternal-flame-will-honour-the-war-dead-in-Floriana.400923|work=[Times of Malta](/source/Times_of_Malta)|date=4 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108224106/http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20120104/local/Eternal-flame-will-honour-the-war-dead-in-Floriana.400923|archive-date=8 January 2012}}</ref>

====Moldova====
* [Chișinău](/source/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u), a flame dedicated to Chișinău's unknown soldiers who died in World War II at the [Eternity Memorial Complex](/source/Eternity_Memorial_Complex%2C_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u).

====Netherlands====
* [Amsterdam](/source/Amsterdam), at the [Hollandsche Schouwburg](/source/Hollandsche_Schouwburg), in memorial of the Dutch Jewish people who were killed in World War II
* [Maastricht](/source/Maastricht), at the Market Square, a statue of [Jan Pieter Minckeleers](/source/Jan_Pieter_Minckeleers), a Dutch scientist and inventor who discovered illuminating gas (coal gas) and was the inventor of [gas lighting](/source/gas_lighting).
* [The Hague](/source/The_Hague), at the [Peace Palace](/source/Peace_Palace), dedicated to the idea of international peace
* [Oosterbeek](/source/Oosterbeek), at the [Airborne Museum Hartenstein](/source/Airborne_Museum_'Hartenstein'), in memorial to those who died in the [Battle of Arnhem](/source/Battle_of_Arnhem) during [Operation Market Garden](/source/Operation_Market_Garden)

====Norway====
* [Oslo](/source/Oslo), inaugurated on June 9, 2001 at The Pier of Honour, [Port of Oslo](/source/Port_of_Oslo) by [Sri Chinmoy](/source/Sri_Chinmoy) and installed permanently at the [Aker Brygge](/source/Aker_Brygge) complex in 2002. By 2013 however, it was removed from [Aker Brygge](/source/Aker_Brygge) and reinstalled at [Holmenkollen](/source/Holmenkollen).

====Poland====
* [Warsaw](/source/Warsaw), at the [Tomb of the Unknown Soldier](/source/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier%2C_Warsaw)

====Portugal====
* [Batalha](/source/Batalha%2C_Portugal), at the [Tomb of the Unknown Soldier](/source/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Portugal)) (inside the [Batalha Monastery](/source/Batalha_Monastery)), honoring the Portuguese dead in the [World War I](/source/World_War_I), lit April 6, 1921
* [Lisbon](/source/Lisbon), at the [Monument to the Overseas War Combatants](/source/Monument_to_the_Overseas_War_Combatants), honoring the dead in the [Portuguese Overseas War](/source/Portuguese_Colonial_War), lit January 15, 1994

====Russia====
thumb|Eternal flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Moscow

* Moscow, at the [Tomb of the Unknown Soldier](/source/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Moscow)) in the [Alexander Garden](/source/Alexander_Garden) to honor the dead of the [Great Patriotic War](/source/Great_Patriotic_War). A second one at [Victory Park](/source/Poklonnaya_Hill), also built to honor the dead.
* [Saint Petersburg](/source/Saint_Petersburg) has two main sites with eternal flames. The first is at the [Monument to the Fighters of the Revolution](/source/Monument_to_the_Fighters_of_the_Revolution), on the [Field of Mars](/source/Field_of_Mars_(Saint_Petersburg)), in memory of those who died during the [Bolshevik Revolution](/source/Bolshevik_Revolution). The second is at [Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery](/source/Piskaryovskoye_Memorial_Cemetery) in memory of those who perished in World War II during the [Siege of Leningrad](/source/Siege_of_Leningrad). At [Victory Square](/source/Victory_Square%2C_Saint_Petersburg), several flames can be seen at the Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad, in commemoration of the victims and survivors of the Siege of Leningrad.
* [Volgograd](/source/Volgograd) has two eternal flames. The first is located at [Mamayev Kurgan](/source/Mamayev_Kurgan)<ref>[http://www.volfoto.ru/volgograd/mamayev_kurgan/zal_slavi/ Eternal fire at Mamayev Kurgan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506001533/http://www.volfoto.ru/volgograd/mamayev_kurgan/zal_slavi/ |date=May 6, 2008 }} – photo</ref> in the Hall of the Warrior Glory in tribute to all those who died [defending the city from 1942 to 1943](/source/Battle_of_Stalingrad). The second is located at the [Square of the Fallen Fighters](/source/Square_of_the_Fallen_Fighters)<ref>[http://www.volfoto.ru/volgograd/pavshih_bortsov/vechniy_ogon/ Eternal fire at The Square of the Fallen Fighters in Volgograd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203165837/https://volfoto.ru/volgograd/pavshih_bortsov/vechniy_ogon/ |date=December 3, 2023 }} – photo</ref> on the monument of those who died defending in the [Civil](/source/Russian_Civil_War) and [Great Patriotic War](/source/Great_Patriotic_War)
* [Kursk](/source/Kursk) has two eternal flames. One is located at the war memorial and the other close to the Triumphal Arch.
* [Saratov](/source/Saratov) has two eternal flames: in the Theatre Square and in the [Victory Park](/source/Victory_Park_(Saratov)).
* [Tambov](/source/Tambov)
* [Novokuznetsk](/source/Novokuznetsk) has an eternal flame at the Heroes Boulevard.
* [Tolyatti](/source/Tolyatti), at the [Obelisk of Glory](/source/Obelisk_of_Glory_(Tolyatti)), lit in 1978.
* [Samara](/source/Samara%2C_Russia), at the Obelisk of Glory.
* [Tver](/source/Tver) has an [obelisk](/source/obelisk) and an eternal flame nearby, located on Ploschad Pobedy near the confluence of the rivers [T'maka](/source/%3Aru%3A%D0%A2%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0) and [Volga](/source/Volga), to honor the Soviet soldiers who fought against [Nazi Germany](/source/Nazi_Germany) in the [Great Patriotic War](/source/Great_Patriotic_War_(term)) ([:ru:Великая Отечественная война](/source/%3Aru%3A%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0)).
* [Yekaterinburg](/source/Yekaterinburg), on Kommunarov Square, where dead soldiers were buried in a common grave in 1919. An eternal flame was lit at the site in 1959.
* [Omsk](/source/Omsk), an eternal fire was lit in 1967 on Memorial Square, in honour of fallen soldiers in [World War II](/source/World_War_II).
* [Severodvinsk](/source/Severodvinsk)
* [Ufa](/source/Ufa) has two eternal flames. The first was lit in 1967, honouring soldiers, who fell fighting for the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union). The second was lit in 1980 in Victory Park, honouring [Alexander Matrosov](/source/Alexander_Matrosov) and Minnigali Gubaidullin.
* [Salavat](/source/Salavat%2C_Russia), opened in 1981. Honors Salavat citizens, who died during the Great Patriotic War.
* [Arkhangelsk](/source/Arkhangelsk), in honor of fallen Northerners in 1941–1945
* [Sterlitamak](/source/Sterlitamak)
* [Biysk](/source/Biysk)
* [Bryansk](/source/Bryansk)
* Kovrov
* [Kolchugino](/source/Kolchugino), located on Lenin Square
* [Kaspyisk](/source/Kaspyisk)
* [Mahachkala](/source/Mahachkala)
* [Kaliningrad](/source/Kaliningrad)
* [Petrozavodsk](/source/Petrozavodsk)
* [Penza](/source/Penza) has two eternal flames. One at Victory Square, and one next to the palace of nautical sport.
* [Anapa](/source/Anapa)
* [Sochi](/source/Sochi)
* [Novy Urengoy](/source/Novy_Urengoy)
* [Sergiyev Posad](/source/Sergiyev_Posad)
* [Vologda](/source/Vologda)
* [Tula](/source/Tula%2C_Russia)
* [Oryol](/source/Oryol), an eternal flame was lit in 1967 on Tankman's Square.
* [Inozemtsevo](/source/Inozemtsevo)
* [Murmansk](/source/Murmansk)

====Serbia====
* [Belgrade](/source/Belgrade), the [Eternal Flame](/source/Eternal_Flame_(Belgrade)) in the [Park of Friendship](/source/Park_of_Friendship%2C_New_Belgrade) in [Ušće](/source/U%C5%A1%C4%87e_(Belgrade)), in memory of the military and civilian victims of the [NATO bombing of Yugoslavia](/source/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia).

====Spain====
* [Barcelona](/source/Barcelona), Catalonia, at the [Fossar de les Moreres](/source/Fossar_de_les_Moreres) (adjacent to the Basílica de [Santa Maria del Mar](/source/Santa_Maria_del_Mar_(Barcelona))), honouring the Catalans buried there, who died defending Barcelona from those loyal to Philip V on the [siege](/source/Siege_of_Barcelona_(1713%E2%80%931714)) of 1714. The torch with the eternal flame was inaugurated in 2001.
* [Madrid](/source/Madrid), at the [Plaza de la Lealtad](/source/Plaza_de_la_Lealtad). The [Monumento a los Caídos por España](/source/Monumento_a_los_Ca%C3%ADdos_por_Espa%C3%B1a_(Madrid)) honours all those who have died fighting for Spain. It was Originally built in 1840 to honour those who fought against Napoleonic forces during the [Peninsular War](/source/Peninsular_War) (1808-1814) but had Additions made in 1985 and the eternal flame was introduced alongside the monument. Following the [COVID-19 pandemic](/source/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain), the [Mayor of Madrid](/source/Mayor_of_Madrid) inaugurated on 15 May another eternal flame at [Plaza de Cibeles](/source/Plaza_de_Cibeles), in memory of those who died during the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=El Ayuntamiento de Madrid instala un pebetero en Cibeles en recuerdo de las víctimas del coronavirus: "Vuestra llama nunca se apagará en nuestro corazón"|url=https://www.eldiario.es/sociedad/Ultima-hora-coronavirus-mundo-Espana-15-mayo_13_1000679924_47532.html|website=Hazte socio de eldiario.es|language=es|access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref>

====Switzerland====
* [Näfels](/source/N%C3%A4fels), at the [St. Hilarius Parish Church](/source/St._Hilarius_Parish_Church_of_N%C3%A4fels), in atonement for a 14th-century murder.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://genevalunch.com/blog/2012/12/22/eternal-flame-in-canton-glarus-may-go-out/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130124124951/http://genevalunch.com/blog/2012/12/22/eternal-flame-in-canton-glarus-may-go-out/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 24, 2013|first=Ellen|last=Wallace|title=Eternal flame in Canton Glarus may go out|work=Geneva Lunch|date=December 22, 2012|access-date=2012-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/schweiz/keine-versoehnung-vor-dem-ewigen-licht-1.17905674|first=Jörg|last=Krummenacher|title=Keine Versöhnung vor dem ewigen Licht|work=[Neue Zürcher Zeitung](/source/Neue_Z%C3%BCrcher_Zeitung)|date=December 22, 2012|access-date=2012-12-22}}</ref>

====Transnistria====
* [Tiraspol](/source/Tiraspol), a flame dedicated to losses of the [War of Transnistria](/source/War_of_Transnistria).

====Ukraine====
[[File:Eternal fire Vinnitsa 2010 G1.jpg|thumb|Eternal Flame in [Vinnytsia](/source/Vinnytsia)]]

* [Kyiv](/source/Kyiv), in the Glory Park at the Glory Obelisk and the [Tomb of the Unknown Soldier](/source/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Kyiv)), honoring the dead of [World War II](/source/World_War_II).
* [Chernihiv](/source/Chernihiv), in the Glory Memorial in [Boldyni Hills](/source/Boldyni_Hory).
* [Vinnytsia](/source/Vinnytsia), the Glory memorial.
* [Odesa](/source/Odesa), a monument to the unknown sailor.

====United Kingdom====
* [London](/source/London), at the [New Scotland Yard](/source/New_Scotland_Yard). The flame commemorates, as the inscription notes, "those who have lost their lives in the service of the [Metropolitan Police](/source/Metropolitan_Police)".
* [Liverpool](/source/Liverpool), at the [Anfield](/source/Anfield) stadium, in memorial to those who died in the [Hillsborough disaster](/source/Hillsborough_disaster).
* The 'Peace flame' in [Derry](/source/Derry), at the '[Peace Garden](/source/Peace_Garden%2C_Derry)', to symbolise the renewed hope and peace created in the city in the post-[Troubles](/source/The_Troubles) era. Opened in 2013 by Martin Luther King III.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-05-15 |title=Derry's children united to light flame of peace |language=en-GB |work=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/derrys-children-united-to-light-flame-of-peace/29271479.html |access-date=2024-01-01 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> The flame was extinguished during 2017-2018 by a group of vandals.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-05-11 |title=Mayor urges vandals to respect city peace flame |language=en-GB |work=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/mayor-urges-vandals-to-respect-city-peace-flame/36894393.html |access-date=2024-01-01 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> The flame has since been re-lit.

===North America===

====Canada====
* The [Flame of Hope](/source/Flame_of_Hope_(diabetes)) in [London, Ontario](/source/London%2C_Ontario), at 442 Adelaide Street, where [Frederick Banting](/source/Frederick_Banting) did theoretical work leading to the discovery of human insulin. It will remain lit until diabetes is cured. It was lit by [Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother](/source/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother) in 1989.
* The [Centennial Flame](/source/Centennial_Flame) in Ottawa, [Ontario](/source/Ontario), first lit in 1967, is in the spirit of an eternal flame; however, it is annually extinguished for cleaning and then relit. It commemorates the [first hundred years](/source/Canadian_Centennial) of [Canadian Confederation](/source/Canadian_Confederation).
* The Centennial Flame on the grounds of the [Alberta Legislature Building](/source/Alberta_Legislature_Building) in Edmonton, Alberta commemorates the same milestone as its counterpart in Ottawa. The flame burns from a metallic cauldron and is located south along the walkway from the south entrance of the Legislature between the south side of Legislature Building Road NW and Fortway Drive NW. Another eternal flame is located on the grounds of the Legislature honours those fallen in the line of duty working for the province.
* The Eternal Flame in the [Peace Garden](/source/Nathan_Phillips_Square) in [Nathan Phillips Square](/source/Nathan_Phillips_Square) in front of [Toronto City Hall](/source/Toronto_City_Hall). It was lit by [Pope John Paul II](/source/Pope_John_Paul_II) in September 1984 and symbolizes the hope and regeneration of humanity.
* The Eternal Flame of Hope, tribute to disabled people on [Pecaut Square](/source/Pecaut_Square) in Toronto.
* The 2004 Olympic flame remains burning in a memorial park in the Greek town area of Toronto.

====United States====
* Alabama: [Huntsville](/source/Huntsville%2C_Alabama)<ref>{{cite web|title=Time capsule in place, eternal flame lit as second phase of the Veterans Memorial unveiled |url=https://www.al.com/breaking/2012/11/time_capsule_in_place_eternal.html |website=AL.com |publisher=Advance Local Media LLC |access-date=May 19, 2024}}</ref> in honor of those who made great sacrifices to serve their country.
* California: [Koyasan Buddhist Temple](/source/Koyasan_Buddhist_Temple) in Los Angeles, where the Peace Flame directly taken from the torch at the [Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park](/source/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial_Park) in Japan is kept. The flame was brought to Los Angeles in 1989 by Mayor [Tom Bradley](/source/Tom_Bradley_(American_politician)) and has been maintained by the resident priests ever since. [University of California, Santa Barbara](/source/University_of_California%2C_Santa_Barbara), houses an eternal flame on its campus in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. [Auburn](/source/Auburn%2C_California), on the corner of Fulweiler St. and Nevada St. depicts a soldier carrying a fallen comrade. The statue is named "Why". [Redlands](/source/Redlands%2C_California), in Jennie Davis Park (corner of Redlands Blvd. and New York St.), at the Veterans' Memorial. [La Mirada](/source/La_Mirada%2C_California), in front of City Hall to honor the residents who have given their life for their country. [Pico Rivera](/source/Pico_Rivera%2C_California), in front of the civic center, to honor Pico Rivera veterans who died in the line of duty. 
* Connecticut: [New Britain](/source/New_Britain%2C_Connecticut), at the [National Iwo Jima Memorial](/source/National_Iwo_Jima_Memorial) to honor the memory of US servicemen who gave their lives at Iwo Jima.
* Florida: [Jacksonville](/source/Jacksonville%2C_Florida), at the [Veterans Memorial Wall](/source/Veterans_Memorial_Wall) there is an eternal flame to honor those who served. [Miami](/source/Miami), at [Bayfront Park](/source/Bayfront_Park) on [Biscayne Boulevard](/source/Biscayne_Boulevard), is the [Torch of Friendship](/source/Torch_of_Friendship) for [John F. Kennedy](/source/John_F._Kennedy)
* Georgia: [Decatur](/source/Decatur%2C_Georgia), at the square downtown, for the [Korean War](/source/Korean_War), World War II, and the [Vietnam War](/source/Vietnam_War); [Macon](/source/Macon%2C_Georgia), at the City Hall building, to honor Macon-born war veterans; [Monroe](/source/Monroe%2C_Georgia), at the Monroe Historic Courthouse, to honor Walton County veterans; [Savannah](/source/Savannah) at the Chatham County Courthouse dedicated to the "Glory of God" and honors veterans, specifically Captain Willie O. Sasser, U.S. Air Force; [Atlanta](/source/Atlanta), at the [King Center](/source/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._National_Historic_Site), for assassinated civil rights leader [Martin Luther King Jr.](/source/Martin_Luther_King_Jr.)
* Hawaii: [Honolulu](/source/Honolulu), to honor victims of the [September 11 attacks](/source/September_11_attacks).
* Illinois: [Chicago](/source/Chicago), at Daley Plaza, to honor those who perished in World War II, ignited August 22, 1972, by Albina Nance, president of the Illinois Gold Star Mothers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagoarchitecture.info/Building/1332/Eternal-Flame.php |title=Eternal Flame: Daley Plaza, Chicago, Illinois, 60601 |website=Chicagoarchitecture.info |access-date=December 14, 2014 |archive-date=December 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214175445/http://www.chicagoarchitecture.info/Building/1332/Eternal-Flame.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> [Highland Park](/source/Highland_Park%2C_Illinois), in the Freedom's Sacrifice veterans memorial located on the corner of St. John Ave and Central Avenue to remember the soldiers from Highland Park that gave their lives in the name of freedom. [Naperville](/source/Naperville%2C_Illinois), on the city's Riverwalk to honor victims of [September 11 attacks](/source/September_11_attacks). [Loves Park](/source/Loves_Park%2C_Illinois), in Holdridge Park on North Second Street to honor all veterans.

thumb|Eternal flame war memorial in Bowman, South Carolina

* Indiana: [Highland](/source/Highland%2C_Lake_County%2C_Indiana), the Highland-Wicker Park Veterans Memorial in Wicker Park on Indianapolis Boulevard and Ridge Road, erected to honor all veterans.
* Louisiana: [Saint Martinville](/source/Saint_Martinville%2C_Louisiana), at the Acadian Memorial, symbolizing the survival of exiled [Acadians](/source/Acadians) as south Louisiana [Cajuns](/source/Cajuns).
* Maryland: [Emmitsburg](/source/Emmitsburg%2C_Maryland), at the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial, on the grounds of the [National Fire Academy](/source/National_Fire_Academy)
* Massachusetts: [Springfield](/source/Springfield%2C_Massachusetts), at [Forest Park](/source/Forest_Park_(Springfield%2C_Massachusetts)), John F. Kennedy Memorial Flame to honor the memory of President Kennedy. The flame was lit November 22, 1964 on the first anniversary of his death.
* Michigan: [Farmington Hills](/source/Farmington_Hills%2C_Michigan), at the [Holocaust Memorial Center](/source/Holocaust_Memorial_Center) in honor of those who perished during the Holocaust. [Flint](/source/Flint%2C_Michigan), in Downtown Flint, across from the Durant Hotel, to honor [John F. Kennedy](/source/John_F._Kennedy). [Grand Haven](/source/Grand_Haven%2C_Michigan), at the Veterans memorial plaza to honor American veterans of all wars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=ADDELYN WACHTER Grand Haven |date=2024-11-11 |title=Honoring veterans with eternal flame |url=https://www.grandhaventribune.com/news/local/honoring-veterans-with-eternal-flame/article_6a4848e9-a643-518b-bfe4-9eda5c6be572.html |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Grand Haven Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
* Mississippi: [Mississippi State University](/source/Mississippi_State_University), the eternal flame of education
* Missouri: Downtown, [Saint Louis](/source/Saint_Louis%2C_Missouri), to commemorate the founding of the [American Legion](/source/American_Legion) in 1919 by [Theodore Roosevelt Jr.](/source/Theodore_Roosevelt_Jr.)
* Nevada: [Las Vegas](/source/Las_Vegas), at the [Allegiant Stadium](/source/Allegiant_Stadium) and [Las Vegas Raiders](/source/Las_Vegas_Raiders) headquarters in [Henderson](/source/Henderson%2C_Nevada) to honor the late [Oakland Raiders](/source/Oakland_Raiders) owner [Al Davis](/source/Al_Davis).
* New Mexico: [Santa Fe](/source/Santa_Fe%2C_New_Mexico), on South Capitol Plaza next to the [Bataan Memorial Building](/source/Bataan_Memorial_Building), honoring the men of the 200th Coast Artillery of the National Guard who died on the [Bataan Death March](/source/Bataan_Death_March)
* New York: New York City, at [Ground Zero](/source/Ground_Zero), lit by [Mayor](/source/Mayor_of_New_York_City) [Michael Bloomberg](/source/Michael_Bloomberg) on the first anniversary of the [September 11 attacks](/source/September_11_attacks) upon the financial district of the city; [St. Clare's Church](/source/St._Clare's_Church_(Staten_Island%2C_New_York)), honoring 29 parishioners who died during the [September 11 attacks](/source/September_11_attacks). [Lewiston](/source/Lewiston_(village)%2C_New_York) [https://lewistonvfw.org/ Veteran's Circle of Honor Memorial], that reads, "America's flame burns brightly, fueled by the courage and sacrifice of those who have defended our freedoms."
* North Dakota: [Grand Forks](/source/Grand_Forks), at the [University of North Dakota](/source/University_of_North_Dakota), Old Main Memorial Sphere erected on the site where the university's first building once stood.
* Ohio: [Cincinnati](/source/Cincinnati) at the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center Represents the candles that were placed in the windows of Underground Railroad Supporters. [Canton](/source/Canton%2C_Ohio), Garden Center, incorporated into the city's memorial to the memory of President John F. Kennedy, dedicated in 1966. [Steubenville](/source/Steubenville%2C_Ohio), at the Tomb of the Unborn Child, the gravesite of seven aborted [fetus](/source/fetus)es, on the campus of the [Franciscan University of Steubenville](/source/Franciscan_University_of_Steubenville). [Columbus](/source/Columbus%2C_Ohio), at [Battelle Riverfront Park](/source/Battelle_Riverfront_Park), to honor fallen members of the Columbus Fire Department. [Clinton](/source/Clinton%2C_Ohio), at Ohio Veterans Memorial Park. The monument is made up of a large sitting area that is surrounded by benches, a four tier waterfall, a fifty foot wide pond, a black granite POW/MIA monument, an inverted Vietnam War helmet with the eternal flame and a cast steel POW/MIA seal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ovmp.org/pow-mia-pond.htm |title=POW/MIA Reflection Pond and Eternal Flame |website=Ovmp.org |publisher=Ohio Veterans Memorial Park |access-date= April 14, 2015}}</ref> [Mount Vernon](/source/Mount_Vernon%2C_Ohio), on the campus of [Mount Vernon Nazarene University](/source/Mount_Vernon_Nazarene_University) to honor the commitment to learning and the expansion of knowledge; Eastlake, eternal flame located at the boulevard of 500 flags in honor of all those who lost their lives in the 9/11 attacks. Sits beside a piece of steel beam from the World Trade Towers.
* Oklahoma: [Oral Roberts University](/source/Oral_Roberts_University), [Tulsa](/source/Tulsa%2C_Oklahoma), atop the [Prayer Tower](/source/Prayer_Tower), which represents the [baptism](/source/baptism) of the [Holy Spirit](/source/Holy_Spirit).
* Pennsylvania: [Gettysburg Battlefield](/source/Gettysburg_Battlefield), in memory of the dead of the [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War), first lit by President [Franklin Roosevelt](/source/Franklin_Roosevelt) in 1938; [Shanksville](/source/Flight_93_National_Memorial), to honor the crew and passengers aboard [United Airlines Flight 93](/source/United_Airlines_Flight_93) on [September 11 attacks](/source/September_11_attacks) in their efforts to thwart the hijacking; [Johnstown](/source/Johnstown%2C_Pennsylvania), to memorialize those lost in the [1889 flood](/source/Johnstown_Flood); Washington Square, [Philadelphia](/source/Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania), site of the city's [Tomb of the Unknown Soldier](/source/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Philadelphia)) of the American Revolution and above the mass grave of thousands of Revolutionary War soldiers, however the flame has been extinguished at times for years due to poor maintenance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.philly.com/2004-08-31/news/25392893_1_eternal-flame-tour-guide-unknown-soldier |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220223001/http://articles.philly.com/2004-08-31/news/25392893_1_eternal-flame-tour-guide-unknown-soldier |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 20, 2014 |title=Eternal Flame Is Out, But Who Cares? |website=Philly.com |date=August 31, 2004 |author=Glenn D. Porter |access-date=December 14, 2014}}</ref>
* South Carolina: [Bowman](/source/Bowman%2C_South_Carolina), lit in 1987 in honor and memory of the community's residents who died in World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War.
* Tennessee: The Cherokee maintained a fire at their seat of government, and carried coals to the [Oklahoma Territory](/source/Oklahoma_Territory). Coals from that fire were used to relight the eternal flame at [Red Clay State Park](/source/Red_Clay_State_Park), the last seat of the independent [Cherokee Nation](/source/Cherokee_Nation_(19th_century)).<ref name="cherokee" /> The [Cherokee People Eternal Flame](/source/Cherokee_People_Eternal_Flame), located on the [Qualla Boundary](/source/Qualla_Boundary) in [Cherokee, North Carolina](/source/Cherokee%2C_North_Carolina), is another example of a flame first lit on the Oklahoma Cherokee Reservation and carried as hot coals back to the homeland. [Memphis](/source/Memphis%2C_Tennessee), at the grave of [Elvis Presley](/source/Elvis_Presley) at his home [Graceland](/source/Graceland).
* Virginia: [John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame](/source/John_F._Kennedy_Eternal_Flame) in [Arlington National Cemetery](/source/Arlington_National_Cemetery), lit by [Jacqueline Kennedy](/source/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis) on November 25, 1963, during the assassinated president's state funeral; [Newport News Victory Arch](/source/Newport_News_Victory_Arch), commemorating American servicemen and women.; [Huntington Park (Newport News)](/source/Huntington_Park_(Newport_News)) Vietnam Veterans War Memorial dedicated in 1992; [Lynchburg](/source/Lynchburg%2C_Virginia), gravesite of [Jerry Falwell](/source/Jerry_Falwell) at [Liberty University](/source/Liberty_University).
* Washington, D.C.: at the [United States Holocaust Memorial Museum](/source/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum), first lit in 1993 by President [Bill Clinton](/source/Bill_Clinton) and noted Holocaust survivor [Elie Wiesel](/source/Elie_Wiesel).

====Mexico====
* [The Column of Independence](/source/El_%C3%81ngel), México City in memory of the heroes of the Mexican Independence War.

====Nicaragua====
[[File:Monumento a la Bandera 2.jpg|thumb|[National Flag Memorial](/source/National_Flag_Memorial_(Argentina)) in [Rosario](/source/Rosario), [Argentina](/source/Argentina)]]

* Tomb of [Carlos Fonseca](/source/Carlos_Fonseca) in the Central Park of [Managua](/source/Managua).

===South America===
[[File:Museu do ipiranga.jpg|thumb|The ''Pira da Liberdade'', Brazilian eternal flame, in [São Paulo](/source/S%C3%A3o_Paulo)]]
[[File:Panteão da Pátria Tancredo Neves.jpg|thumb|The ''[Pantheon of Fatherland and Freedom, Tancredo Neves](/source/Pantheon_of_Fatherland_and_Freedom%2C_Tancredo_Neves)'', in Brasília]]

====Argentina====
* In the [Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral](/source/Buenos_Aires_Metropolitan_Cathedral) in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. It was lit on August 17, 1947 to honor the tomb of General José de San Martín, whose remains rest inside it; and the soldiers who fought and perished in the wars for Argentina, Chile and Perú's independence from the Spanish crown.
* In the [National Flag Memorial (Argentina)](/source/National_Flag_Memorial_(Argentina)) in Rosario, Santa Fe.
* In the 'Monument to the dead of the Malvinas War' (Caidos en Malvinas) in [Mar del Plata](/source/Mar_del_Plata), Buenos Aires.

====Brazil====
* In the [Independence Park](/source/Museu_Paulista), São Paulo, the ''Pira da Liberdade'' marks the site of the [independence of Brazil](/source/independence_of_Brazil)
* Outside the [Pantheon of Fatherland and Freedom, Tancredo Neves](/source/Pantheon_of_Fatherland_and_Freedom%2C_Tancredo_Neves), Brasília, on top of a tower built on the diagonal, burns an eternal flame which represents the freedom of the people and the country's independence.
* In [São Sepé](/source/S%C3%A3o_Sep%C3%A9), central region of the state of [Rio Grande do Sul](/source/Rio_Grande_do_Sul), Boqueirão Ranch has a shed that houses a fire that has been lit since the shed was built in 1800. The Simões Pires family, in its sixth generation, currently maintains the bonfire still lit today.<ref>{{cite news |title=Família mantém aceso fogo de chão em fazenda há 200 anos no RS |url=http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/semana-farroupilha/2014/noticia/2014/09/familia-mantem-aceso-fogo-de-chao-em-fazenda-ha-200-anos-no-rs.html |access-date=31 May 2021 |agency=G1 |date=2014-09-15 |language=pt-br}}</ref>

====Chile====
* The [Llama de la Libertad](/source/Llama_de_la_Libertad), which commemorated the [1973 Chilean coup d'état](/source/1973_Chilean_coup_d'%C3%A9tat). It was extinguished in 2004 due to budget cuts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/2003/10/08/125557/ministerio-de-defensa-pagara-el-gas-de-la-llama-de-la-libertad.html |title=Ministerio de Defensa pagará el gas de la llama de la libertad |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= October 8, 2003|website=Emol |publisher=[El Mercurio](/source/El_Mercurio) |access-date=February 3, 2016|quote=|language=Spanish}}</ref>
* In [Punta Arenas](/source/Punta_Arenas), to commemorate the heroes of the [Battle of La Concepción](/source/Battle_of_La_Concepci%C3%B3n). It was extinguished in 2013 due to natural gas shortages.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.plataformaurbana.cl/archive/2013/08/26/punta-arenas-apaga-la-ultima-llama-de-la-libertad-que-ardia-durante-todo-el-ano/ |title=Punta Arenas apaga la última Llama de la Libertad que ardía durante todo el año |access-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-date=October 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009195121/https://www.plataformaurbana.cl/archive/2013/08/26/punta-arenas-apaga-la-ultima-llama-de-la-libertad-que-ardia-durante-todo-el-ano/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====Colombia====
* In the [Battle of Boyacá](/source/Battle_of_Boyac%C3%A1) Memorial in [Boyacá](/source/Boyac%C3%A1_Department).

====Venezuela====
* In the [Battle of Carabobo](/source/Battle_of_Carabobo) Memorial in [Carabobo](/source/Carabobo_state).

===Australia and New Zealand===
thumb|Eternal flame at the Shrine of Remembrance, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

* In the [ANZAC War Memorial](/source/ANZAC_War_Memorial), Hyde Park in Sydney.
* In the [Shrine of Remembrance](/source/Shrine_of_Remembrance%2C_Melbourne) in [Melbourne](/source/Melbourne).
* In the [Shrine of Remembrance](/source/Shrine_of_Remembrance%2C_Brisbane) in [ANZAC Square](/source/ANZAC_Square%2C_Brisbane) in [Brisbane](/source/Brisbane), [Queensland](/source/Queensland).
* At the [Australian War Memorial](/source/Australian_War_Memorial), [Canberra](/source/Canberra), [Australian Capital Territory](/source/Australian_Capital_Territory).
* At the state War Memorial in [Kings Park, Western Australia](/source/Kings_Park%2C_Western_Australia).
* In the [Carillon War Memorial](/source/Carillon_War_Memorial) located at [Bathurst, New South Wales](/source/Bathurst%2C_New_South_Wales).
*At the [Anzac Memorial](/source/Anzac_Memorial), ANZAC Park, [Townsville](/source/Townsville).
*At the Napier War Memorial Centre in [Napier, New Zealand](/source/Napier%2C_New_Zealand).

===Asia===

====Armenia====
* [Yerevan](/source/Yerevan), in the center of the [Armenian Genocide Memorial](/source/Tsitsernakaberd). Memorializing the loss of at least 1.5 million Armenians during the [Armenian genocide](/source/Armenian_genocide) in 1915.

====Azerbaijan====
* [Baku](/source/Baku), at the [Martyrs' Lane](/source/Martyrs'_Lane) in memory of the military and civilian victims of the [Black January](/source/Black_January).
* [Ateshgah of Baku](/source/Ateshgah_of_Baku).

====Bangladesh====
thumb|Eternal Flame (Shikha Chironton)

* [Dhaka](/source/Dhaka), at the [Suhrawardy Udyan](/source/Suhrawardy_Udyan) the [Shikha Chironton](/source/Eternal_Flame_(Bangladesh)) (Eternal Flame) located besides [Swadhinata Stambha](/source/Swadhinata_Stambha) commentating the martyrs of the [Bangladesh Liberation War](/source/Bangladesh_Liberation_War) and the precise location of the signing of the [Instrument of Surrender](/source/Pakistani_Instrument_of_Surrender).
* [Chittagong](/source/Chittagong), at [Chandranath Temple](/source/Chandranath_Temple).

====China====

* [China Millennium Monument](/source/China_Millennium_Monument), symbolizing the continuity of human experience in China since times immemorial.

====Georgia====
* [Tbilisi](/source/Tbilisi), at the roundabout and underpass of Hero's Square.

====India====
thumb|right|Raj Ghat, Delhi

* [Raj Ghat](/source/Raj_Ghat), [New Delhi](/source/New_Delhi), [Delhi](/source/Delhi), in memory of [Mahatma Gandhi](/source/Mahatma_Gandhi) at the site of his cremation. The date that the flame was first lit is unknown.
* [Amar Jawan Jyoti](/source/Amar_Jawan_Jyoti), New Delhi, at the [India Gate](/source/India_Gate), first lit in 1971 to honor 90,000 soldiers who died in [World War I](/source/World_War_I) and later conflicts. On 21 January 2022, the eternal flame was merged with an eternal flame at the [National War Memorial](/source/National_War_Memorial_(India)).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2022-01-21|title=Amar Jawan Jyoti merged with flame at National War Memorial|work=[The Hindu](/source/The_Hindu)|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amar-jawan-jyoti-to-be-extinguished-after-50-years-merged-with-flame-at-national-war-memorial/article38299777.ece|access-date=2022-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121092440/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/amar-jawan-jyoti-to-be-extinguished-after-50-years-merged-with-flame-at-national-war-memorial/article38299777.ece|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref>
* [Kargil War Memorial](/source/Kargil_War_Memorial), [Dras](/source/Dras), [Ladakh](/source/Ladakh), the eternal flame was lit to commemorate the Indian victory in the 1999 [Kargil War](/source/Kargil_War) and to pay homage to martyrs.
* [Port Blair](/source/Port_Blair), [Andaman and Nicobar Islands](/source/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands), to remember the victims of the [2004 Asian tsunami](/source/2004_Asian_tsunami), unveiled in 2005.
* Dwarka Mai Mosque, [Shirdi](/source/Shirdi), [Maharashtra](/source/Maharashtra), lit by [Sai Baba of Shirdi](/source/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi) in the late 1800s.
* Some ancient temples in [India](/source/India) are known to have eternal flames which have burnt for centuries. Most established temples (such as [Venkateswara Temple](/source/Venkateswara_Temple%2C_Tirumala), [Mantralayam](/source/Mantralayam), [Jawalamukhi](/source/Jawalamukhi), [Jwala Ji](/source/Jwala_Ji) etc.) have eternal flames.

====Indonesia====
[[File:The blue fire of Kawah Ijen 1.jpg|thumb|''Api Biru'' or "[Blue Lava](/source/Blue_lava)" as seen at night on [Kawah Ijen](/source/Ijen), in Indonesia]]

* Api Abadi Mrapen (Mrapen Eternal Fire), Grobogan, [Central Java](/source/Central_Java). It was used as a torch flame source for the 1st [GANEFO](/source/GANEFO). It died out on the 25th of September 2020, possibly as a result of nearby mining activity.<ref>[https://travel.kompas.com/read/2020/10/05/195000227/6-tempat-wisata-melihat-api-abadi-di-indonesia?page=all 6 Tempat Wisata Melihat Api Abadi di Indonesia], 5 October 2020. Accessed on 4 February 2021.</ref><ref>[https://voi.id/en/news/15591 The Extinguishing Of The Mrapen Eternal Flame], 2 October 2020. Accessed on 23 March 2023.</ref>
* Api Abadi Sungai Siring (Siring River Eternal Fire), [Samarinda](/source/Samarinda), [East Borneo](/source/East_Borneo).
* [Api Biru](/source/Blue_lava) (Blue Fire), [Ijen](/source/Ijen), [Banyuwangi](/source/Banyuwangi), [East Java](/source/East_Java). This phenomenon comes from the ignition of sulfur continuously erupting to the surface. Its [electric-blue](/source/Electric_blue_(color)) flames are visible only at night.

[[File:Kayangan Api Bojonegoro.jpg|thumb|''Kayangan Api'', an eternal flame in the middle of teak forest in [Bojonegoro](/source/Bojonegoro)]]

* Api Abadi Kayangan Api (Kayangan Api Eternal Fire), [Bojonegoro](/source/Bojonegoro), East Java. This site has had an eternal flame since the era of the [Majapahit](/source/Majapahit).
* Api Abadi Bekucuk (Bekucuk Eternal Fire), East Java.
* Api Tak Kunjung Padam, [Pamekasan Regency](/source/Pamekasan_Regency), [Madura](/source/Madura).
* Tugu Api Semangat Indonesia Tidak Pernah Padam (Monument of the Undying Spirit of Indonesia), at Jenderal Soedirman Building, [Ministry of Defense (Indonesia)](/source/Ministry_of_Defense_(Indonesia)), [Central Jakarta](/source/Central_Jakarta), [Jakarta](/source/Jakarta).

====Iran====
right|thumb|Zoroastrian Eternal Flame at the Fire Temple in Yazd, Central Iran

* [Yazd Atash Behram](/source/Fire_Temple_of_Yazd), [Yazd](/source/Yazd), a [Zoroastrian](/source/Zoroastrianism) [fire temple](/source/fire_temple).

====Israel====
* [Tel Aviv](/source/Tel_Aviv), at [Rabin Square](/source/Rabin_Square), for assassinated Prime Minister [Yitzhak Rabin](/source/Yitzhak_Rabin)
* In [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem) at [Yad Vashem](/source/Yad_Vashem), the national [Holocaust](/source/Holocaust)-Memorial of Israel
* Near [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem) at [Yad Kennedy](/source/Yad_Kennedy), Israel's memorial to U.S. President [John F. Kennedy](/source/John_F._Kennedy).

====Japan====
thumb|Peace Flame at the Peace Memorial Museum in Hiroshima, Japan

* [Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park](/source/Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial_Park), The remaining fire from the atomic bomb explosion that was dropped by the US. remains burning since 1945. It is now a [symbol of peace](/source/peace_symbols) and to remain lit until all [nuclear weapons in the world are abolished](/source/nuclear_disarmament).<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.pcf.city.hiroshima.jp/frame/Virtual_e/tour_e/guide1.html |title=Guided Tours to Peace Memorial Park and Vicinity |access-date=2007-06-25 |author=Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum |author-link=Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum |year=2000 |work=Hiroshima Peace Site}}</ref>

====Kazakhstan====
* [Almaty](/source/Almaty), the Monument to the Unknown Soldier in [Panfilov Park](/source/Panfilov_Park_(Almaty)).

====Kyrgyzstan====
thumb|Bishkek eternal flame

* [Bishkek](/source/Bishkek), the Victory (Pobedy) Monument on [Victory Square](/source/Victory_Square%2C_Bishkek).

====Nepal====
* Eternal Peace Flame [Lumbini](/source/Lumbini), birthplace of [Gautama Buddha](/source/Gautama_Buddha),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Things to do in Lumbini |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/nepal/the-terai-and-mahabharat-range/lumbini/things-to-do |publisher=BBC |access-date=2012-12-23}}</ref> since 1986.

====Philippines====
[[File:NDS obverse 1000 Philippine peso bill.jpg|thumb|An eternal flame is featured on the ''New Design/BSP series'' Philippine 1000-[peso](/source/Philippine_peso) bill.]]

* Eternal Flame of Freedom in [Corregidor](/source/Corregidor).
* Eternal Flame on the grave of former president [Ferdinand Marcos](/source/Ferdinand_Marcos) in the [Libingan ng mga Bayani](/source/Libingan_ng_mga_Bayani) in [Taguig](/source/Taguig) City.

====South Korea====
* At the Peace Gate at [Olympic Park, Seoul](/source/Olympic_Park%2C_Seoul), South Korea.

====Turkmenistan====
* [Türkmenbaşy](/source/T%C3%BCrkmenba%C5%9Fy%2C_Turkmenistan), the Victory Monument.

===Africa===

====Kenya====
* [Nairobi](/source/Nairobi), [Kenya](/source/Kenya): The Eternal Flame of Uhuru Gardens.

====Ghana====
* [Accra](/source/Accra), [Ghana](/source/Ghana): The Eternal Flame of African Liberation.

====Zimbabwe====
* [Harare](/source/Harare), [Zimbabwe](/source/Zimbabwe): An eternal flame burns atop the [Kopje](/source/Kopje) to commemorate [independence](/source/Lancaster_House_Agreement).

====South Africa====
* [Pretoria](/source/Pretoria), South Africa: An eternal flame burns in the [Voortrekker Monument](/source/Voortrekker_Monument), since 1938.
* [Johannesburg](/source/Johannesburg), South Africa: The flame of democracy burns on [Constitution Hill](/source/Constitution_Hill%2C_Johannesburg), since 2011.
* [Cape Town](/source/Cape_Town), South Africa: The Flame of Remembrance for the fallen soldiers and heroes of the struggle burns at the [Parliament](/source/Parliament).

===Caribbean===

====Trinidad and Tobago====
* [Port of Spain](/source/Port_of_Spain): At [The Red House](/source/The_Red_House_(Trinidad_and_Tobago)), in memory of the lives lost in the 1990 attempted coup.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Red House |url=http://www.ttparliament.org/about.php?mid=37 |publisher=Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago |access-date=August 6, 2016 |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919194302/http://ttparliament.org/about.php?mid=37 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

====Cuba====
* [Havana](/source/Havana): [Memorial to the Soviet Internationalist Soldier](/source/Memorial_to_the_Soviet_Internationalist_Soldier).
* [Havana](/source/Havana): [Museum of the Revolution](/source/Museum_of_the_Revolution_(Cuba)) in the [Granma](/source/Granma_(yacht)) complex.
* [Santa Clara](/source/Santa_Clara%2C_Cuba): Inside the [Che Guevara Mausoleum](/source/Che_Guevara_Mausoleum).
* [Santa Clara](/source/Santa_Clara%2C_Cuba): In the cemetery beside the [Che Guevara Mausoleum](/source/Che_Guevara_Mausoleum) complex.

==Naturally fueled flames==

===Fueled by natural gas===
[[File:FiresChimera2.jpg|thumb|Fires of Chimera at [Yanartaş](/source/Yanarta%C5%9F), [Çıralı](/source/%C3%87%C4%B1ral%C4%B1), [Turkey](/source/Turkey)]]
[[File:Eternal Flame Falls 2.JPG|thumb|[Eternal Flame Falls](/source/Eternal_Flame_Falls) in [Chestnut Ridge Park](/source/Chestnut_Ridge_Park) in [Western New York](/source/Western_New_York), US]]
[[File:The Door to Hell.jpg|thumb|The [Darvaza gas crater](/source/Darvaza_gas_crater), near [Derweze](/source/Derweze), Turkmenistan, has been burning since 1971.]]
[[File:Steve Riley naturalflames Murchison NZ.jpg|thumb|Tour guide cooks pancakes on natural flames at [Murchison, New Zealand](/source/Murchison%2C_New_Zealand).]]

* At [Yanartaş](/source/Yanarta%C5%9F) in the [Olympos National Park](/source/Olympos_(Lycia)) in Turkey, natural gas burns from many vents on the side of the mountain. It is thought to be the location of ancient [Mount Chimaera](/source/Mount_Chimaera). This is the largest venting of possibly abiogenic methane on Earth's terrestrial surface,<ref name="Hosgormez08">{{cite journal | first1 = H. | last1 = Hosgormez | first2 = G. | last2 = Etiope | first3 = M. N. | last3 = Yalçin | title = New evidence for a mixed inorganic and organic origin of the Olympic Chimaera fire (Turkey): a large onshore seepage of abiogenic gas | journal = Geofluids | volume = 8 | number = 4 |date=November 2008 | pages = 263–273 | doi = 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2008.00226.x | doi-access = free }}</ref> and has been burning for over 2500 years. The flames were used in ancient times as a [navigation beacon](/source/navigation_beacon).
* The [Eternal Flame Falls](/source/Eternal_Flame_Falls), featuring a small natural gas-fueled flame that burns behind a waterfall, can be found in [Chestnut Ridge Park](/source/Chestnut_Ridge_Park) in [Western New York](/source/Western_New_York), US.
* [Flaming Geyser State Park](/source/Flaming_Geyser_State_Park) in [Washington](/source/Washington_(state)), United States.
* Focul Viu - Lopătari in [Lopatari, Buzau](/source/Lopatari%2C_Buzau), Romania.
* An area in [India](/source/India)'s [Great Himalayas](/source/Great_Himalayas), worshiped by [Hindu](/source/Hindu)s as ''Jwala Devi'' Temple, or [Jwalamukhi Devi Temple](/source/Jawalamukhi) in [Himachal Pradesh](/source/Himachal_Pradesh) produces natural spontaneous flames and is said to have been doing so for thousands of years.
* The [Darvaza gas crater](/source/Darvaza_gas_crater) fire, near [Derweze](/source/Derweze), [Turkmenistan](/source/Turkmenistan), is a large hole leaking natural gas that has been burning since 1971.
* An eternal flame near [Kirkuk](/source/Kirkuk), [Iraq](/source/Iraq), known to the locals as [Baba Gurgur](/source/Baba_Gurgur), is said to have been burning for thousands of years.
* An eternal flame is found at the [Yanar Dag](/source/Yanar_Dag) [mud volcano](/source/mud_volcano) in Azerbaijan.
* In the [Central Java](/source/Central_Java)nese village of Manggarmas in [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia), the [Mrapen](/source/Mrapen) is a famous natural gas-fueled eternal flame originally ignited sometime before the 15th century era of the [Demak Sultanate](/source/Demak_Sultanate). Before September 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 October 2020|title=The Extinguishing Of The Mrapen Eternal Flame|url=https://voi.id/en/news/15591/the-extinguishing-of-the-mrapen-eternal-flame|access-date=2021-07-30|website=VOI - Waktunya Merevolusi Pemberitaan|language=en|archive-date=May 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522030652/https://voi.id/en/news/15591/the-extinguishing-of-the-mrapen-eternal-flame|url-status=dead}}</ref> it had never died out despite intense tropical rain and winds. It is said that the sacred [kris](/source/kris) heirloom dagger of Demak Sultanate was forged in this flame.<ref>{{Cite news | title = Obor SEA Games XXVI Mulai Diarak dari Mrapen | url = http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/olahraga_lain/2011/10/23/brk,20111023-362846,id.html | publisher = Tempo Interaktif | date = October 23, 2011 | access-date = 2011-11-07 | language = id | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111027182736/http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/olahraga_lain/2011/10/23/brk,20111023-362846,id.html | archive-date = October 27, 2011 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The Mrapen flame, considered sacred in [Javanese culture](/source/Javanese_culture), is used in an annual [Waisak](/source/Vesak) Buddhist ceremony, brought to [Mendut](/source/Mendut) and [Borobudur](/source/Borobudur) temple. It was also used in several torch relays for sport events such as [Pekan Olahraga Nasional](/source/Pekan_Olahraga_Nasional) held every four years, [1997 Southeast Asian Games](/source/1997_Southeast_Asian_Games), [2008 Asian Beach Games](/source/2008_Asian_Beach_Games), [2011 Southeast Asian Games](/source/2011_Southeast_Asian_Games), and [2018 Asian Games](/source/2018_Asian_Games).
* The [Muktinath Temple](/source/Muktinath) in Nepal is worshipped for its sacred flame fueled by a natural gas seep at a small spring of water: the four ancient elements occurring in one location.
* In [Murchison, New Zealand](/source/Murchison%2C_New_Zealand), a natural flame has been burning in the forest since it was lit by hunters in 1922. Access is facilitated by a tour company that serves tea and pancakes cooked on the fire.

===Fueled by coal seams===
* A coal seam-fueled eternal flame in Australia known as "[Burning Mountain](/source/Burning_Mountain)" is claimed to be the world's longest burning fire, at 6,000 years old.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Krajick | first = Kevin | title = Fire in the hole | journal = [Smithsonian Magazine](/source/Smithsonian_(magazine)) | pages = 54ff |date=May 2005 | url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/issues/2005/may/firehole.php | access-date = 2006-10-24 }}</ref>
* A [coal mine fire](/source/coal_mine_fire) in [Centralia](/source/Centralia%2C_Pennsylvania), Pennsylvania, [has been burning](/source/Centralia_mine_fire) beneath the borough since 1962.
* A [coal field fire](/source/Jharia) in [Jharia](/source/Jharia), [Jharkhand](/source/Jharkhand), [India](/source/India), is known to have been burning for almost a century.
* The [Laurel Run mine fire](/source/Laurel_Run_mine_fire) started burning in 1915.
* The [New Straitsville mine fire](/source/New_Straitsville%2C_Ohio) started burning in 1884.

==See also==
* [Fire worship](/source/Fire_worship)
* [Longest-lasting light bulbs](/source/Longest-lasting_light_bulbs)
* [Sanctuary lamp](/source/Sanctuary_lamp)
* [Olympic flame](/source/Olympic_flame)
* [Perpetual stew](/source/Perpetual_stew)
* [Natural nuclear fission reactor](/source/Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Eternal flames}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Eternal Flame}}
Category:Eternal flames
Category:Types of monuments and memorials

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Eternal flame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_flame) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_flame?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.