# Escuminac Formation
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{{Short description|Geologic formation in Quebec, Canada}}
{{For|homonymy|Escuminac (disambiguation){{!}}Escuminac}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Escuminac Formation
| image = Miguasha_affleurement_2.jpg
| caption = Outcrops of the Escuminac Formation in [Miguasha National Park](/source/Miguasha_National_Park)
| type = [Geological formation](/source/Geological_formation)
| age = [Devonian](/source/Devonian) (Middle [Frasnian](/source/Frasnian))
{{Fossil range|385|374}}
| prilithology =
| otherlithology =
| namedfor =
| namedby =
| region = [Quebec](/source/Quebec)
| country = [Canada](/source/Canada)
| coordinates =
| unitof = [Miguasha Group](/source/Miguasha_Group)[{{cite journal |last1=Cloutier |first1=Richard |last2=Loboziak |first2=Stanislas |last3=Candilier |first3=Anne-Marie |last4=Blieck |first4=Alain |title=Biostratigraphy of the Upper Devonian Escuminac Formation, eastern Québec, Canada: a comparative study based on miospores and fishes |journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology |date=October 1996 |volume=93 |issue=1–4 |pages=191–215 |doi=10.1016/0034-6667(95)00126-3}}][{{cite journal |last1=Matton |first1=Olivier |last2=Cloutier |first2=Richard |last3=Stevenson |first3=Ross |title=Apatite for destruction: Isotopic and geochemical analyses of bioapatites and sediments from the Upper Devonian Escuminac Formation (Miguasha, Québec) |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |date=November 2012 |volume=361-362 |pages=73–83 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.08.004}}]
==Description==
thumb|A reconstruction of the paleoenvironment of the Escuminac Formation.
[Miguasha National Park](/source/Miguasha_National_Park) is located within this formation along the estuary of the [Restigouche River](/source/Restigouche_River) on the south coast of the [Gaspé Peninsula](/source/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula). The fossil biota from the Park is thus referred to as the Miguasha biota.[{{Cite journal |last=Cloutier |first=Richard |date=2013-08-24 |title=Great Canadian Lagerstätten 4. The Devonian Miguasha Biota (Québec): UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Time Capsule in the Early History of Vertebrates |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257130506 |journal=Geoscience Canada |volume=40 |issue=2 |page=149 |doi=10.12789/geocanj.2013.40.008 |issn=1911-4850|doi-access=free }}] The main Miguasha exposures were named the 'René Bureau Cliffs' after the geologist and paleontologist.[{{cite journal |last1=Zylberberg |first1=Louise |last2=Meunier |first2=François |last3=Laurin |first3=Michel |title=A microanatomical and histological study of the postcranial dermal skeleton of the Devonian actinopterygian ''Cheirolepis canadensis'' |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |date=2015 |doi=10.4202/app.00161.2015 |language=en |issn=0567-7920|doi-access=free }}] the actinistian ''[Miguashaia](/source/Miguashaia)''[{{cite journal |last1=Mondéjar‐Fernández |first1=Jorge |last2=Meunier |first2=François J. |last3=Cloutier |first3=Richard |last4=Clément |first4=Gaël |last5=Laurin |first5=Michel |title=A microanatomical and histological study of the scales of the Devonian sarcopterygian ''Miguashaia bureaui'' and the evolution of the squamation in coelacanths |journal=Journal of Anatomy |date=August 2021 |volume=239 |issue=2 |pages=451–478 |doi=10.1111/joa.13428|pmid=33748974 |pmc=8273612 }}] and the tetrapodomorph ''[Euthenopteron](/source/Eusthenopteron)''.[{{cite journal |last1=Zylberberg |first1=Louise |last2=Meunier |first2=François J. |last3=Laurin |first3=Michel |title=A Microanatomical and Histological Study of the Postcranial Dermal Skeleton in the Devonian Sarcopterygian ''Eusthenopteron foordi'' |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |date=September 2010 |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=459–470 |doi=10.4202/app.2009.1109|s2cid=56446998 |doi-access=free }}]
The formation's depositional environment has been variously considered as [lacustrine](/source/lacustrine), [estuarine](/source/estuarine), coastal marine or marine, though evidence from the fossil assemblage, stratigraphic and sedimentological setting, and geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks and bones suggests an estuarine interpretation is most fitting.[{{Cite journal |last1=Chevrinais |first1=Marion |last2=Cloutier |first2=Richard |last3=Sire |first3=Jean-Yves |date=February 2015 |title=The revival of a so-called rotten fish: the ontogeny of the Devonian acanthodian Triazeugacanthus |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272489137 |journal=Biology Letters |volume=11 |issue=2 |article-number=20140950 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2014.0950 |pmid=25694507 |pmc=4360106 |issn=1744-9561}}]
|Thousands of specimens representing multiple [ontogenetic](/source/ontogenetic) stages.[{{Cite journal |last1=Chevrinais |first1=Dr Marion |last2=MOREL |first2=Miss CATHERINE |last3=Renaud |first3=Dr Claude B. |last4=CLOUTIER |first4=Dr RICHARD |date=9 December 2022 |title=Ontogeny of Euphanerops longaevus from the Upper Devonian Miguasha Fossil-Fish-Lagerstätte and comparison with the skeletogenesis of the Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=350–365 |url=https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjes-2022-0062 |access-date=2022-12-14 |language=en |doi=10.1139/cjes-2022-0062|s2cid=254529477 |url-access=subscription }}]
|Over 3,500 specimens.[{{Cite journal |last1=Fernández |first1=Jorge Mondéjar |last2=Meunier |first2=François J. |last3=Cloutier |first3=Richard |last4=Clément |first4=Gaël |last5=Laurin |first5=Michel |date=2022-04-06 |title=Life history and ossification patterns in Miguashaia bureaui reveal the early evolution of osteogenesis in coelacanths |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=10 |article-number=e13175 |doi=10.7717/peerj.13175 |pmid=35411253 |pmc=8994491 |issn=2167-8359 |doi-access=free }}]
|
| A [coelacanth](/source/coelacanth).
|center|150 px
|-
|''[Quebecius](/source/Quebecius)''
|''Q. quebecensis''
|[{{Cite book |last1=Copeland |first1=Murray John |url=https://emrlibrary.gov.yk.ca/gsc/bulletins/60.pdf |title=Canadian Fossil Arthropoda, Eurypterida, Phyllocarida and Decapoda |last2=Bolton |first2=Thomas E. |date=1960 |publisher=Queen's Printer |language=en |chapter=The Eurypterida of Canada}}]
|
|An [eurypterid](/source/eurypterid).
|center|150 px
|-
|''[Petaloscorpio](/source/Petaloscorpio)''
|''P. bureaui''
|[{{Cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Heather M. |last2=Daeschler |first2=Edward B. |last3=Desbiens |first3=Sylvain |title=New Flat-Backed Archipolypodan Millipedes from the Upper Devonian of North America |date=July 2005 |url=https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-paleontology/volume-79/issue-4/0022-3360_2005_079_0738_NFAMFT_2.0.CO_2/NEW-FLAT-BACKED-ARCHIPOLYPODAN-MILLIPEDES-FROM-THE-UPPER-DEVONIAN-OF/10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0738:NFAMFT]2.0.CO;2.full |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=79 |issue=4 |pages=738–744 |doi=10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079[0738:NFAMFT]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=140190612 |issn=0022-3360|url-access=subscription }}]
|
|A [millipede](/source/millipede).
|
|-
|}
====Ctenophores====
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[Ctenophore](/source/Ctenophore)s'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Presence
!'''Material'''!! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[Daihuoides](/source/Daihuoides)''
|''D. jakobvintheri''
| [Miguasha](/source/Miguasha), Quebec.[{{Cite journal |last1=Klug |first1=Christian |last2=Kerr |first2=Johanne |last3=Lee |first3=Michael S. Y. |last4=Cloutier |first4=Richard |date=2021-09-24 |title=A late-surviving stem-ctenophore from the Late Devonian of Miguasha (Canada) |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=19039 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-98362-5 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=8463547 |pmid=34561497}}]
|MHNM 24–01.