# Eriophorum

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Eriophorum
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Eriophorum.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum
> Source revision: 1346379941
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Genus of flowering plants in the sedge family

Eriophorum Eriophorum vaginatum Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Clade: Commelinids Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Genus: Eriophorum L.[1] Type species Eriophorum vaginatum L.[2] Synonyms[3] Heterotypic synonyms Eriophoropsis Palla Leucoma Ehrh. Linagrostis Guett. Plumaria Bubani Plumaria Heist. ex Fabr.

***Eriophorum*** (**cottongrass**, **cotton-grass** or **cottonsedge**) is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [flowering plants](/source/Flowering_plant) in the family [Cyperaceae](/source/Cyperaceae), the sedge family. They are found in the cool [temperate](/source/Temperate), [alpine](/source/Alpine_climate), and [Arctic](/source/Arctic) regions of the [Northern Hemisphere](/source/Northern_Hemisphere), primarily in the [middle latitudes](/source/Middle_latitudes) of North America, Europe, and Asia.

## Description

*Eriophorium* species are [perennial](/source/Perennial_plant) [herbaceous plants](/source/Herbaceous_plant) that persist by means of underground [rhizomes](/source/Rhizome).[4][5] Stems (called [culms](/source/Culm_(botany))) grow singly or in clumps (i.e., [cespitose](/source/Cespitose)). Both basal leaves and stem leaves are present, although the latter are bladeless in some species. The terminal [inflorescence](/source/Inflorescence) is either a single erect [spikelet](/source/Spikelet) or multiple spikelets on [peduncles](/source/Peduncle_(botany)) of various lengths. In the case of multiple spikelets, the inflorescence is subtended by one or more leaf-like [bracts](/source/Bract). Individual [flowers](/source/Flower) have 10 or more smooth [perianth](/source/Perianth) bristles that greatly elongate and remain attached to the [achene](/source/Achene) during fruiting. The bristles facilitate [seed dispersal](/source/Seed_dispersal) by wind. In cold [Arctic](/source/Arctic) regions, the bristles also serve as insulation by trapping solar radiation and thereby increasing the temperature of the reproductive organs.[6]

[Identification keys](/source/Identification_key) often begin with a pair of alternatives that implicitly divide the genus into two mutually exclusive [sections](/source/Section_(botany)):[4][5][7][8]

- *Eriophorum* section *Vaginata*: one erect spikelet; no leaf-like bracts at the base of the inflorescence; stem leaves absent or, if present, either bladeless or with blade not more than 1 cm long

- *Eriophorum* section *Phyllanthela*: multiple spikelets (rarely one); one or more leaf-like bracts at the base of the inflorescence; uppermost stem leaf with a blade at least 1 cm long

Besides the number of spikelets and the presence of bracts and stem leaves, other characters may be used for identification, including: the length of the uppermost leaf blade relative to its sheath; the number of bracts (0, 1, or more than 1); the length and orientation of the bracts; the length of the peduncles; and the color of the bristles.

## Taxonomy

In the first edition of *[Species Plantarum](/source/Species_Plantarum)* published in 1753, the Swedish botanist [Carl Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus) established [genus](/source/Genus) *Eriophorum* by recognizing four [species](/source/Species): *Eriophorum vaginatum*, *Eriophorum polystachion*, *Eriophorum virginicum*, and *Eriophorum alpinum*.[1][9] In the second edition published in 1762, Linnaeus added a fifth species, *Eriophorum cyperinum*.[10] The name *Eriophorum* L. is the primary [generic name](/source/Genus#Use) in use today.[3][11] Although the names of some of the species have changed, the number of recognized [taxa](/source/Taxon) in genus *Eriophorum* has remained more-or-less the same since 1994.[12][13]

In the fifth edition of *[Genera Plantarum](/source/Genera_Plantarum)* published in 1754 (intended to accompany the first edition of *Species Plantarum*), Linnaeus referenced the prior work of the Italian botanist [Pier Antonio Micheli](/source/Pier_Antonio_Micheli) and the French botanist [Joseph Pitton de Tournefort](/source/Joseph_Pitton_de_Tournefort).[14] In 1729, Micheli described genus *Linagrostis*, including an illustration of an unidentified plant.[15] (The plant was later identified to be *Eriophorum vaginatum*.[16]) Tournefort coined the French name *Linaigrette* (Latin: *Linagrostis*) in 1694,[17] but his contribution became better known in Europe when his book was translated to Latin in 1719.[18]

The French naturalist and mineralogist [Jean-Étienne Guettard](/source/Jean-%C3%89tienne_Guettard) resurrected the pre-Linnaean name *Linagrostis* in 1750, and again in 1754, but *Linagrostis* Guett. is regarded as a synonym for *Eriophorum* L.[19][20] After Guettard, the name *Linagrostis* was redescribed by numerous botanists, including [John Hill](/source/John_Hill_(botanist)) (1756), [Johann Gottfried Zinn](/source/Johann_Gottfried_Zinn) (1757), and [Giovanni Antonio Scopoli](/source/Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli) (1771),[21][22][23] but all three published [illegitimate names](/source/Nomen_illegitimum) since *Linagrostis* Guett. takes precedence. Scopoli's description of *Linagrostis* Tourn. ex Scop. is notable, however, since it is explicitly based on the early work of Tournefort.[24] The names *Linagrostis vaginata* (L.) Scop., *Linagrostis alpina* (L.) Scop., and *Linagrostis polystachia* (L.) Scop. are synonyms for the corresponding names introduced by Linnaeus in 1753.[25][26][27]

The Austrian botanist and mycologist [Eduard Palla](/source/Eduard_Palla) established genus *Eriophoropsis* in 1896 by [segregating](/source/Segregate_(taxonomy)) *Eriophorum virginicum* into a new genus.[28] The name *Eriophoropsis* Palla is both a synonym for *Eriophorum* L. and the [basionym](/source/Basionym) of *Eriophorum* subgen. *Eriophoropsis* (Palla) Raymond, the latter described by the Canadian botanist [Louis-Florent-Marcel Raymond](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis-Florent-Marcel_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1) in 1954.[29][30]

### Species

As of September 2025[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit), the following [species](/source/Species) are accepted by [Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online) (POWO):[3]

Name/Author Year described Year published Group Distribution Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. 1782 1782 Multispicate Widespread across Europe, Asia, North America Eriophorum arcticum (M.S.Novos.) Schekhovts. 1994 2023 Unispicate Siberia Eriophorum brachyantherum Trautv. & C.A.Mey. 1856 1856 Unispicate Scandinavia, northern Russia, Mongolia, Korea, Alaska, northern Canada Eriophorum callitrix Cham. ex C.A.Mey. 1831 1831 Unispicate Siberia, Russian Far East, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Montana, Wyoming Eriophorum chamissonis C.A.Mey. 1831 1831 Unispicate Siberia, Russian Far East, Korea, Mongolia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, northern and western United States Eriophorum gracile Roth[31] 1799 1799 Multispicate Much of Europe; northern and Central Asia; China, Tibet, Mongolia, Alaska, Canada, northern United States Eriophorum humile Turcz. 1838 1838 Unispicate Altai, Tuva, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Amur Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe 1800 1800 Multispicate Much of Europe; Caucasus, Turkey, Mongolia Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe 1800 1800 Unispicate Much of Europe; northern and Central Asia including Siberia, Xinjiang, Himalayas, Alaska, Greenland, Canada, mountains of western United States Eriophorum tenellum Nutt. 1818 1818 Multispicate Eastern Canada and northeastern United States from Nunavut and Labrador to New Jersey Eriophorum tolmatchevii M.S.Novos. 1994 1994 Unispicate Krasnoyarsk, Yakutiya Eriophorum transiens Raymond 1959 1959 Multispicate Guizhou Eriophorum triste (Th.Fr.) Hadac & Á.Löve 1869 1950 Multispicate Finland, North America and temperate regions of Asia Eriophorum vaginatum L. 1753 1753 Unispicate Widespread across Europe, Asia, North America Eriophorum virginicum L. 1753 1753 Multispicate Eastern North America from Labrador to Tennessee, west to Michigan Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald 1844 1905 Multispicate Canada including Arctic territories; northern United States

The following natural [hybrids](/source/Hybrid_(biology)) are also accepted by POWO:

Name/Author (hybrid formula) Year described Year published Distribution Eriophorum × beringianum Raymond (E. angustifolium × E. chamissonis) 1957 1957 Alaska including Aleutians; Magadan region of Russia Eriophorum × churchillianum Lepage (E. triste × E. vaginatum) 1957 1957 Alaska Eriophorum × fellowsii (Fernald) M.S.Novos. (E. virginicum × E. viridicarinatum) 1905 1995 Ontario, Maine, Massachusetts Eriophorum × gracilifolium M.S.Novos. (E. gracile × E. latifolium) 1994 1994 European Russia Eriophorum × medium Andersson (E. chamissonis × E. scheuchzeri) 1857 1857 Scattered locations in Finland, Norway, Russia, Alaska, Quebec, Labrador Eriophorum × pylaieanum Raymond (E. chamissonis × E. vaginatum) 1951 1951 Scattered locations in Canada and Alaska Eriophorum × rousseauianum Raymond (E. angustifolium × E. scheuchzeri) 1950 1950 Alaska, Quebec

[World Flora Online](/source/World_Flora_Online) (WFO) accepts all of the above species and hybrids except *Eriophorum arcticum*.[11] In addition, WFO accepts *Eriophorum* × *polystachiovaginatum* whereas POWO does not.

#### Other names

Of the five species described by Linnaeus in 1753 and 1762, three of the names are no longer in use. *Eriophorum polystachion* L. is a [rejected name](/source/Rejected_name),[32][33] now considered to be a synonym for *Eriophorum angustifolium* Honck. subsp. *angustifolium*,[34] while *Eriophorum alpinum* L. and *Eriophorum cyperinum* L. are synonyms for *[Trichophorum alpinum](/source/Trichophorum_alpinum)* (L.) Pers. and *[Scirpus cyperinus](/source/Scirpus_cyperinus)* (L.) Kunth, respectively.[35][36]

The Swedish mycologist and botanist [Elias Magnus Fries](/source/Elias_Magnus_Fries) described *Eriophorum russeolum* in 1836.[37] Some authors consider *Eriophorum russeolum* Fr. to be a synonym for *Eriophorum chamissonis* C.A.Mey.,[38][39] while others consider the two names to refer to separate species.[40][41][42][43]

In 1942, the American agrostologist and botanist [Alan Ackerman Beetle](/source/Alan_Ackerman_Beetle) placed the species *Scirpus criniger* A.Gray into genus *Eriophorum*.[44] In 2012, *Eriophorum crinigerum* (A.Gray) Beetle was [segregated](/source/Segregate_(taxonomy)) into genus *Calliscirpus*, and so *Eriophorum crinigerum* is a synonym for *Calliscirpus criniger* (A.Gray) C.N.Gilmour, J.R.Starr & Naczi.[45]

In 1957, the Canadian botanist [Louis-Florent-Marcel Raymond](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis-Florent-Marcel_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1) placed the species *Scirpus scabriculmis* Beetle into genus *Eriophorum*.[46] In 2019, *Eriophorum scabriculme* (Beetle) Raymond was segregated into genus *Trichophorum*.[47] Hence *Eriophorum scabriculme* is a synonym for *Trichophorum scabriculme* (Beetle) J.R.Starr, Lév.-Bourret & B.A.Ford.[48]

The invalidly published name *Eriophorum* × *polystachiovaginatum* Beauverd is a synonym for *Eriophorum* × *beauverdii* Soó but the latter is unplaced by POWO.[49]

### Subdivision

In 1849, the Swedish botanist [Nils Johan Andersson](/source/Nils_Johan_Andersson) placed the European species of *Eriophorum* into two new sections:[50]

*Eriophorum* section *Vaginata*:[51]

- *Eriophorum vaginatum*

- *Eriophorum capitatum* (a synonym for *Eriophorum scheuchzeri*)

- *Eriophorum russeolum* (a synonym for *Eriophorum chamissonis*)

*Eriophorum* section *Phyllanthela*:[52]

- *Eriophorum angustifolium*

- *Eriophorum latifolium*

- *Eriophorum gracile*

In 1905, the American botanist [Merritt Lyndon Fernald](/source/Merritt_Lyndon_Fernald) placed the North American species of *Eriophorum* into Andersson's sections as follows:[53]

*Eriophorum* section *Vaginata*:

- *Eriophorum scheuchzeri*

- *Eriophorum chamissonis*

- *Eriophorum vaginatum*

- *Eriophorum callitrix*

- *Eriophorum opacum* [*n. comb.*](/source/Combinatio_nova) (a synonym for *Eriophorum brachyantherum*)

*Eriophorum* section *Phyllanthela*:

- *Eriophorum gracile*

- *Eriophorum tenellum*

- *Eriophorum polystachion* (a synonym for *Eriophorum angustifolium*)

- *Eriophorum viridicarinatum* *n. comb.*

- *Eriophorum virginicum*

### Phylogeny

Based on [phylogenetic](/source/Phylogenetics) analyses, *Eriophorum* forms a well‐supported [clade](/source/Clade) nested within the genus *[Scirpus](/source/Scirpus)*, which suggests the latter is [paraphyletic](/source/Paraphyly). To resolve this issue, there are at least two options: 1) merge *Eriophorum* into *Scirpus*, or 2) split *Scirpus* into a series of new genera. As of August 2024[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eriophorum&action=edit), there has been insufficient data for a majority of botanists to prefer one option or the other.[54][55]

*Eriophorum virginicum*, *Eriophorum tenellum*, and *Eriophorum gracile* form a strongly supported clade that is sister to the rest of the genus. The clade is distinguished by having [glumes](/source/Glume) (scales at the base of each flower in a [spikelet](/source/Spikelet)) with many prominent nerves, whereas the glumes of the remaining species possess a single prominent midnerve.[56]

Within a weakly supported clade of [unispicate](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unispicate) species (i.e., species with a single spikelet), *Eriophorum russeolum* and *Eriophorum scheuchzeri* form a strongly supported, [monophyletic](/source/Monophyly) [species complex](/source/Species_complex) characterized by a [rhizomatous](/source/Rhizomatous) habit, up to 7 sterile glumes, and by glumes with well-defined [hyaline](/source/Hyaline) margins (i.e., with thin, translucent edges). In contrast, in the sister clade to this complex (*Eriophorum vaginatum*, *Eriophorum brachyantherum*, and *Eriophorum callitrix*) each species has a [caespitose](/source/Caespitose) habit and more than 12 sterile glumes that generally lack clear hyaline margins.[56]

## Distribution and habitat

*Eriophorum* species are found in the cool [temperate](/source/Temperate), [alpine](/source/Alpine_climate), and [Arctic](/source/Arctic) regions of the [Northern Hemisphere](/source/Northern_Hemisphere),[4][5] primarily in the [middle latitudes](/source/Middle_latitudes) of North America, Europe, and Asia.

- North America: *E.* *angustifolium*, *E.* *brachyantherum*, *E.* *callitrix*, *E.* *chamissonis*, *E.* *gracile*, *E.* *scheuchzeri*, *E.* *tenellum*, *E.* *triste*, *E.* *vaginatum*, *E.* *virginicum*, *E.* *viridicarinatum*

- Europe: *E.* *angustifolium*, *E.* *brachyantherum*, *E.* *chamissonis*, *E.* *gracile*, *E.* *latifolium*, *E.* *scheuchzeri*, *E.* *triste*, *E.* *vaginatum*

- Asia: *E.* *angustifolium*, *E.* *arcticum*, *E.* *brachyantherum*, *E.* *callitrix*, *E.* *chamissonis*, *E.* *gracile*, *E.* *humile*, *E.* *latifolium*, *E.* *scheuchzeri*, *E.* *tolmatchevii*, *E.* *transiens*, *E.* *triste*, *E.* *vaginatum*

Preferred habitats include [bogs](/source/Bog), [fens](/source/Fen), [meadows](/source/Meadow), and [alpine tundra](/source/Alpine_tundra).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

## Uses

[Paper](/source/Paper) and the wicks of [candles](/source/Candle) have been made of its fiber, and [pillows](/source/Pillow) stuffed with the same material. The leaves were formerly used in treating [diarrhea](/source/Diarrhea), and the spongy [pith](/source/Pith) of the stem for the removal of [tapeworm](/source/Tapeworm).[57]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IPNI:13751-1_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IPNI:13751-1_1-1) ["*Eriophorum* L."](https://www.ipni.org/n/13751-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 21 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Tropicos_2-0)** ["*Eriophorum*"](https://www.tropicos.org/Name/40005388). *[Tropicos](/source/Tropicos)*. [Missouri Botanical Garden](/source/Missouri_Botanical_Garden). Retrieved 20 August 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-POWO:13751-1_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-POWO:13751-1_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-POWO:13751-1_3-2) ["*Eriophorum* L."](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/13751-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 20 August 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FNA:112065_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FNA:112065_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FNA:112065_4-2) Ball, Peter W.; Wujek, Daniel E. (2002). ["*Eriophorum*"](http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=112065). In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). [*Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)*](http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1). Vol. 23. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 August 2024 – via eFloras.org, [Missouri Botanical Garden](/source/Missouri_Botanical_Garden), St. Louis, MO & [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria), Cambridge, MA.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FoC:112065_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FoC:112065_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FoC:112065_5-2) Liang, Prof. Song-Yun; Tucker, Gordon C.; Simpson, David A. ["*Eriophorum*"](http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=112065). *Flora of China*. Vol. 23. Retrieved 20 August 2024 – via eFloras.org, [Missouri Botanical Garden](/source/Missouri_Botanical_Garden), St. Louis, MO & [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria), Cambridge, MA.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Crawford_1989_6-0)** Crawford, R. M. M. (1989). *Studies in Plant Survival*. Blackwell Science. pp. 54–55.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-MFO_7-0)** Reznicek, A. A.; Voss, E. G.; Walters, B. S. (February 2011). ["*Eriophorum*"](https://www.michiganflora.net/genus/Eriophorum). *Michigan Flora Online*. University of Michigan. Retrieved 12 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Go_Botany_8-0)** ["*Eriophorum*"](https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/dkey/eriophorum/). *Go Botany*. Native Plant Trust. Retrieved 13 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1753[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage358071page64mode1up_Vol. 1,_pp. 52–53]_9-0)** [Linnaeus (1753)](#CITEREFLinnaeus1753), [Vol. 1, pp. 52–53](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358071#page/64/mode/1up).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1762[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage11628531page92mode1up_Vol. 1,_pp. 76–77]_10-0)** [Linnaeus (1762)](#CITEREFLinnaeus1762), [Vol. 1, pp. 76–77](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11628531#page/92/mode/1up).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-WFO_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-WFO_11-1) ["*Eriophorum* L."](https://wfoplantlist.org/taxon/wfo-4000013860-2024-06?page=1&hide_syns=true). *WFO Plant List*. Retrieved 21 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovoselova1994a_12-0)** [Novoselova (1994a)](#CITEREFNovoselova1994a).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENovoselova1994b_13-0)** [Novoselova (1994b)](#CITEREFNovoselova1994b).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinnaeus1754[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgitem14678page62mode1up_p. 27]_14-0)** [Linnaeus (1754)](#CITEREFLinnaeus1754), [p. 27](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14678#page/62/mode/1up).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMicheli1729[httpsbibdigitalrjbcsicesviewer11953offsetpage77viewerpictureobookmarkn0q_p. 53],_[httpsbibdigitalrjbcsicesviewer11953offsetpage289viewerpictureobookmarkn0q_Tab. 31]_15-0)** [Micheli (1729)](#CITEREFMicheli1729), [p. 53](https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/11953/?offset=#page=77&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=), [Tab. 31](https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/11953/?offset=#page=289&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernald1905b[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage562632page134mode1up_p. 129]_16-0)** [Fernald (1905b)](#CITEREFFernald1905b), [p. 129](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/562632#page/134/mode/1up).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETournefort1694_17-0)** [Tournefort (1694)](#CITEREFTournefort1694).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETournefortJussieu1719[httpswwwgooglecombookseditionJosephi_Pitton_Tournefort_AquisextiensisujMVAAAAQAAJhlengbpv1bsqlinagrostis_p. 664]_18-0)** [Tournefort & Jussieu (1719)](#CITEREFTournefortJussieu1719), [p. 664](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Josephi_Pitton_Tournefort_Aquisextiensis/ujMVAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=linagrostis).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:13878-1_19-0)** ["*Linagrostis* Guett."](https://www.ipni.org/n/13878-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 2 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:13878-1_20-0)** ["*Linagrostis* Guett."](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/13878-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 2 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:13876-1_21-0)** ["*Linagrostis* Hill"](https://www.ipni.org/n/13876-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 2 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:13877-1_22-0)** ["*Linagrostis* Zinn"](https://www.ipni.org/n/13877-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 2 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:13875-1_23-0)** ["*Linagrostis* Tourn. ex Scop."](https://www.ipni.org/n/13875-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 2 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScopoli1772[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage58202542page125mode1up_p. 47]_24-0)** [Scopoli (1772)](#CITEREFScopoli1772), [p. 47](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58202542#page/125/mode/1up).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:310258-1_25-0)** ["*Linagrostis vaginata* (L.) Scop."](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/310258-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 3 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:310255-1_26-0)** ["*Linagrostis alpina* (L.) Scop."](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/310255-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 3 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:310257-1_27-0)** ["*Linagrostis polystachia* (L.) Scop."](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/310257-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 3 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:295913-2_28-0)** ["*Eriophoropsis* Palla"](https://www.ipni.org/n/295913-2). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 2 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:295913-2_29-0)** ["*Eriophoropsis* Palla"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/295913-2). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 2 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:77347168-1_30-0)** ["*Eriophorum* subgen. *Eriophoropsis* (Palla) Raymond"](https://www.ipni.org/n/77347168-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 2 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:307364-1_31-0)** ["*Eriophorum gracile* Roth"](https://www.ipni.org/n/307364-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 20 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FNA:242357811_32-0)** Ball, Peter W.; Wujek, Daniel E. (2002). ["*Eriophorum angustifolium*"](http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242357811). In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). [*Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)*](http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1). Vol. 23. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 22 August 2024 – via eFloras.org, [Missouri Botanical Garden](/source/Missouri_Botanical_Garden), St. Louis, MO & [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria), Cambridge, MA.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FoC:242357811_33-0)** Liang, Prof. Song-Yun; Tucker, Gordon C.; Simpson, David A. ["*Eriophorum angustifolium*"](http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242357811). *Flora of China*. Vol. 23. Retrieved 14 September 2024 – via eFloras.org, [Missouri Botanical Garden](/source/Missouri_Botanical_Garden), St. Louis, MO & [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria), Cambridge, MA.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:332128-2_34-0)** ["*Eriophorum polystachion* L."](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/332128-2). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 22 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:95694-2_35-0)** ["*Eriophorum alpinum* L."](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/95694-2). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 22 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:276737-2_36-0)** ["*Eriophorum cyperinum* L."](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/276737-2). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 28 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:307401-1_37-0)** ["*Eriophorum russeolum* Fr."](https://www.ipni.org/n/307401-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 30 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FNA:242357816_38-0)** Ball, Peter W.; Wujek, Daniel E. (2002). ["*Eriophorum chamissonis*"](http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242357816). In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). [*Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)*](http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1). Vol. 23. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 30 August 2024 – via eFloras.org, [Missouri Botanical Garden](/source/Missouri_Botanical_Garden), St. Louis, MO & [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria), Cambridge, MA.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:307401-1_39-0)** ["*Eriophorum russeolum* Fr."](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/307401-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 27 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERaymond1954_40-0)** [Raymond (1954)](#CITEREFRaymond1954).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Euro+Med_41-0)** Jiménez-Mejías, P.; Luceño, M. (2011). ["*Eriophorum*"](https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/29c73b19-80f2-4129-9911-171b582318aa). *Euro+Med Plantbase*. Retrieved 14 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-USDA:ERIOP_42-0)** [NRCS](/source/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service). ["*Eriophorum*"](https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ERIOP). *PLANTS Database*. [United States Department of Agriculture](/source/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture) (USDA). Retrieved 30 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BONAP-state-genus_43-0)** Kartesz, John T. (2014). ["*Eriophorum*"](https://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/State/Eriophorum). *State-level distribution maps from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA)*. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). Retrieved 27 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:95720-2_44-0)** ["*Eriophorum crinigerum* (A.Gray) Beetle"](https://www.ipni.org/n/95720-2). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 21 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:95720-2_45-0)** ["*Eriophorum crinigerum* (A.Gray) Beetle"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/95720-2). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 21 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:307402-1_46-0)** ["*Eriophorum scabriculme* (Beetle) Raymond"](https://www.ipni.org/n/307402-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 21 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStarrLéveillé-BourretVuNguyên201920–25_47-0)** [Starr et al. (2019)](#CITEREFStarrLéveillé-BourretVuNguyên2019), pp. 20–25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:307402-1_48-0)** ["*Eriophorum scabriculme* (Beetle) Raymond"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/307402-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 21 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-POWO:307339-1_49-0)** ["*Eriophorum* × *beauverdii* Soó"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/307339-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 21 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson1849[httpswwwbiodiversitylibraryorgpage15347404page27mode1up_pp. 11–14]_50-0)** [Andersson (1849)](#CITEREFAndersson1849), [pp. 11–14](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15347404#page/27/mode/1up).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:77346770-1_51-0)** ["*Eriophorum sect. Vaginata* Andersson"](https://www.ipni.org/n/77346770-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 21 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IPNI:77346771-1_52-0)** ["*Eriophorum sect. Phyllanthela* Andersson"](https://www.ipni.org/n/77346771-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 21 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFernald1905a_53-0)** [Fernald (1905a)](#CITEREFFernald1905a).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret20187,_36–37,_42,_222_54-0)** [Léveillé-Bourret (2018)](#CITEREFLéveillé-Bourret2018), pp. 7, 36–37, 42, 222.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarridonZuntiniLéveillé-BourretBarrett2021873_55-0)** [Larridon et al. (2021)](#CITEREFLarridonZuntiniLéveillé-BourretBarrett2021), pp. 873.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret201828,_35–36,_42_56-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELéveillé-Bourret201828,_35–36,_42_56-1) [Léveillé-Bourret (2018)](#CITEREFLéveillé-Bourret2018), pp. 28, 35–36, 42.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-57)** This article incorporates text from a publication now in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain): ["Cotton-Grass"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Cotton-Grass). *[Collier's New Encyclopedia](/source/Collier's_Encyclopedia)*. 1921.

## Bibliography

- Andersson, Nils Johan (1849). [*Plantae Scandinaviae descriptionibus et figuris analyticis adumbratae. Fasciculus primus Cyperaceas Scandinaviae complectens*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15347404#page/8/mode/1up). Stockholm. Retrieved 24 August 2024.

- Fernald, M. L. (1905a). ["The North American species of Eriophorum. Part 1: Synopsis of American species"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/562632#page/83/mode/1up). *Rhodora*. **7** (77): 81–92. Retrieved 20 August 2024.

- Fernald, M. L. (1905b). ["The North American species of Eriophorum. Part 2: Notes on the preceding synopsis"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/562632#page/134/mode/1up). *Rhodora*. **7** (79): 129–136. Retrieved 20 August 2024.

- Gilman, Arthur V. (2015). *New Flora of Vermont*. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden, Volume 110. Bronx, New York, USA: The New York Botanical Garden Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-89327-516-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89327-516-7).

- Gledhill, David (2008). [*The Names of Plants*](https://books.google.com/books?id=NJ6PyhVuecwC) (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-521-86645-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86645-3).

- Haines, Arthur (2011). *New England Wild Flower Society's Flora Novae Angliae: A Manual for the Identification of Native and Naturalized Higher Vascular Plants of New England*. Illustrated by Elizabeth Farnsworth and Gordon Morrison. Yale University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-300-17154-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-17154-9).

- Larridon, Isabel; Zuntini, Alexandre R.; Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne; Barrett, Russell L.; Starr, Julian R.; Muasya, A. Muthama; Villaverde, Tamara; Bauters, Kenneth; Brewer, Grace E.; Bruhl, Jeremy J.; Costa, Suzana M.; Elliott, Tammy L.; Epitawalage, Niroshini; Escudero, Marcial; Fairlie, Isabel; Goetghebeur, Paul; Hipp, Andrew L.; Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro; Kikuchi, Izai A.B. Sabino; Luceño, Modesto; Márquez-Corro, José Ignacio; Martín-Bravo, Santiago; Maurin, Olivier; Pokorny, Lisa; Roalson, Eric H.; Semmouri, Ilias; Simpson, David A.; Spalink, Daniel; Thomas, W. Wayt; Wilson, Karen L.; Xanthos, Martin; Forest, Félix; Baker, William J. (2021). ["A new classification of Cyperaceae (Poales) supported by phylogenomic data"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjse.12757). *Journal of Systematics and Evolution*. **59** (4): 852–895. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2021JSyEv..59..852L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021JSyEv..59..852L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/jse.12757](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjse.12757). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[1854/LU-8709768](https://hdl.handle.net/1854%2FLU-8709768).

- Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne (2018). [*Evolution and classification of the Cariceae-Dulichieae-Scirpeae Clade (Cyperaceae)*](https://ruor.uottawa.ca/items/8388bb63-053c-451a-8e7e-5336b1772d15) (PhD). University of Ottawa. Retrieved 25 August 2024.

- [Linnaeus, Carl](/source/Carl_Linnaeus) (1753). [*Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas*](http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/669#/summary) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. Retrieved 28 August 2024.

- Linnaeus, Carl (1754). [*Genera plantarum: eorumque characteres naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm, et proportionem omnium fructificationis partium*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/746) (in Latin). Holmiæ (Stockholm): Impensis Laurentii Salvii. Retrieved 2 September 2024.

- [Linnaeus, Carl](/source/Carl_Linnaeus) (1762). [*Species Plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/11179#/summary) (2nd ed.). Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. Retrieved 28 August 2024.

- Micheli, Pier Antonio (1729). [*Nova plantarum genera iuxta Tournefortii methodum disposita*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/73327) (in Latin). Florentiae: Typis Bernardi Paperinii. Retrieved 2 September 2024.

- Novoselova, M. S. (1994a). "Sistema roda *Eriophorum* (Cyperaceae): 1. Podrody *Erioscirpus*, *Eriophoropsis*, *Phyllanthela*" [The system of the genus *Eriophorum* (Cyperaceae): 1. Subgenera *Erioscirpus*, *Eriophoropsis*, *Phyllanthela*]. *Botanicheskii Zhurnal*. **79** (11): 77–89.

- Novoselova, M. S. (1994b). "Sistema roda *Eriophorum* (Cyperaceae): 2. Podrod *Eriophorum*" [The system of the genus *Eriophorum* (Cyperaceae): 2. Subgenus *Eriophorum*]. *Botanicheskii Zhurnal*. **79** (12): 66–75.

- Raymond, Marcel (1954). ["What is *Eriophorum chamissonis* C. A. Meyer?"](https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1202228/FULLTEXT01.pdf) (PDF). *Svensk Bot. Tidskr*. **48** (1): 65–82. Retrieved 20 August 2024.

- Scopoli, Giovanni Antonio (1772). [*Flora Carniolica: exhibens plantas Carnioliae indigenas et distributas in classes, genera, species, varietates, ordine Linnaeano*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/159554) (2nd ed.). Vienna: Impensis Ioannis Pauli Krauss, bibliopolae Vindobonensis. Retrieved 2 September 2024.

- Starr, Julian R.; Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne; Vu, Anh Tài; Nguyên, Thi Kim Thanh; Ford, Bruce A. (2019). ["The rediscovery of the rare Vietnamese endemic *Eriophorum scabriculme* redefines generic limits in the Scirpo-Caricoid Clade (Cyperaceae)"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6765354). *PeerJ*. 7:e7538 e7538. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.7717/peerj.7538](https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.7538). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [6765354](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6765354). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [31579569](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31579569).

- Tucker, Gordon C.; Miller, Norton G. (1990). ["Achene microstructure in *Eriophorum* L. (Cyperaceae): systematic implications and paleobotanical applications"](https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/154505779.pdf) (PDF). *Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club*. **117** (3): 266–283. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/2996695](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2996695). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [2996695](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2996695). Retrieved 20 August 2024.

- Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de (1694). [*Éléments de botanique ou methode pour connaître les plantes*](https://gallica.bnf.fr/essentiels/node/5559) (in French). Paris: Imprimerie Royale. Retrieved 3 September 2024.

- Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de; Jussieu, Antoine de (1719). [*Josephi Pitton Tournefort Aquisextiensis, doctoris medici Parisiensis, Academiae regiae scientiarum socii, et in horto regio botanices professoris, Institutiones rei herbariae*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ujMVAAAAQAAJ) (in Latin). France: E typographia regia. Retrieved 2 September 2024.

- Turland, Nicholas (1997). "Proposal to Reject the Name *Eriophorum polystachion* (Cyperaceae)". *Taxon*. **46** (1): 115–116. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/1224300](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1224300). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1224300](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1224300).

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Eriophorum](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eriophorum).

[Wikispecies](/source/Wikispecies) has information related to ***[Eriophorum](https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum)***.

- ["*Eriophorum* L. (1753), Sp. Pl. 52"](https://www.binran.ru/resources/archive/paf/checklist/taxonomy/HTM/032-Cyper2.htm). Retrieved 20 August 2024.

- ["*Eriophorum subgen. Phyllanthela* (Andersson) T.V.Egorova"](https://www.ipni.org/n/42703-1). *[International Plant Names Index](/source/International_Plant_Names_Index) (IPNI)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew); [Harvard University Herbaria](/source/Harvard_University_Herbaria) & [Libraries](/source/Harvard_Library); [Australian National Botanic Gardens](/source/Australian_National_Botanic_Gardens). Retrieved 20 August 2024.

- ["*Eriophorum* L., Sp. Pl. 52 (1753)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140103210135/http://emonocot.org/taxon/urn:kew.org:wcs:taxon:244507). *eMonocot*. Archived from [the original](http://emonocot.org/taxon/urn:kew.org:wcs:taxon:244507) on January 3, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2013.

- ["*Eriophorum* L."](https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=739). *Flora of Wisconsin*. Retrieved 12 September 2024.

- ["Search results for: "Eriophorum""](https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/search?scientific_name=Eriophorum). *Minnesota Wildflowers*. Retrieved 12 September 2024.

- Aiken, S.G.; Dallwitz, M.J.; Consaul, L.L.; McJannet, C.L.; Boles, R.L.; Argus, G.W.; Gillett, J.M.; Scott, P.J.; Elven, R.; LeBlanc, M.C.; Gillespie, L.J.; Brysting, A.K.; Solstad, H.; Harris, J.G. (2007). ["*Eriophorum* L."](https://nature.ca/aaflora/data/www/cyer.htm). *Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval*. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada. Retrieved 25 September 2025.

- Cayouette, Jacques (2004). ["A taxonomic review of the *Eriophorum russeolum*-*E. scheuchzeri* complex (Cyperaceae) in North America"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9311605#page/811/mode/1up). *SIDA, Contributions to Botany*. **21** (2): 791–814. [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [41968332](https://www.jstor.org/stable/41968332). Retrieved 19 December 2025.

Taxon identifiers Eriophorum Wikidata: Q161739 Wikispecies: Eriophorum BioLib: 42244 BOLD: 124657 CoL: 8VXGV EoL: 29149 EPPO: 1ERVG FNA: 112065 FoC: 112065 GBIF: 2730118 GRIN: 4405 iNaturalist: 72122 IPNI: 13751-1 IRMNG: 1331746 ITIS: 40079 NBN: NHMSYS0000458553 NCBI: 46326 Open Tree of Life: 790595 PLANTS: ERIOP POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:13751-1 Tropicos: 40005388 VASCAN: 1152 WFO: wfo-4000013860

Authority control databases National Israel Other Yale LUX

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Eriophorum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.