# Epipedobates

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***Epipedobates*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [poison dart frogs](/source/Poison_dart_frog) native to northern [South America](/source/South_America) (Colombia and Ecuador) west of the [Andes](/source/Andes), including the western slopes. Common name **phantasmal poison frogs** has been suggested for the genus.[1]

## Taxonomy

*Epipedobates* was erected in 1987 in an attempt to split dendrobatids into [monophyletic](/source/Monophyletic) genera, accommodating species that had until then been placed in *[Phyllobates](/source/Phyllobates)*. In the major revision of poison dart frogs in 2006, most of the species formerly placed in *Epipedobates* were then transferred to *[Ameerega](/source/Ameerega)*, leaving behind just five species.[2] The species count of *Epipedobates* had increased to eight by early 2025.[3]

## Description

[Dorsal](/source/Dorsum_(anatomy)) colouration is cryptic, brown. A pale oblique lateral stripe is present. Dorsal skin is smooth or with irregularly scattered granules or tubercles, most distinct and prevalent posteriorly. In adult males, third finger is swollen.[2]

## Species

There are seven valid described species, listed below.[4] Genetic evidence suggests that there is an eighth valid species that is undescribed as of 2024.[5]

Image Scientific name Common name Distribution Epipedobates narinensis (Mueses-Cisneros, Cepeda-Quilindo, and Moreno-Quintero, 2008)[6] Colombia Epipedobates currulao[3] Southwestern Colombia Epipedobates boulengeri (Barbour, 1909)[7][8] marbled poison frog or marbled poison-arrow frog Colombia (Cauca, Nariño, Valle del Cauca Departments, including Gorgona Island) and northwestern Ecuador Epipedobates espinosai (Funkhouser, 1956)[9] Ecuador Epipedobates machalilla (Coloma, 1995)[10] West Ecuador Epipedobates tricolor (Boulenger, 1899)[11] Phantasmal poison frog Ecuador Epipedobates anthonyi (Noble, 1921)[12] Anthony's poison arrow frog Ecuador and Peru.

## References

1. Frost, Darrel R. (2024). ["*Epipedobates* Myers, 1987"](https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Dendrobatoidea/Dendrobatidae/Colostethinae/Epipedobates). *Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2*. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 17 June 2024.

1. Grant, T.; Frost, D. R.; Caldwell, J. P.; Gagliardo, R.; Haddad, C. F. B.; Kok, P. J. R.; Means, D. B.; Noonan, B. P.; Schargel, W. E.; & Wheeler, W. C. (2006). ["Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae)"](http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5803/1/B299.pdf). *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History*. **299**: 1–262. [doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299\[1:PSODFA](https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299%5B1:PSODFA%5D2.0.CO;2)2.0.CO;2]. [S2CID 82263880](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:82263880). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090226033244/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5803/1/B299.pdf) 2009-02-26 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2008-09-22.

1. Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy; Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo; Crawford, Andrew J.; Cannatella, David C.; Tarvin, Rebecca D. (2025-02-06). ["Honoring the Afro-Colombian musical culture with the naming of Epipedobates currulao sp. nov. (Anura, Dendrobatidae), a frog from the Pacific rainforests"](https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/123803/). *ZooKeys*. '***(1226): 139–170. [Bibcode:2025ZooK.1226..139B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025ZooK.1226..139B). [doi:10.3897/zookeys.1226.123803](https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1226.123803). [ISSN 1313-2970](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1313-2970). [PMC 11826230](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826230). [PMID 39959861](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39959861)***

1. ["Dendrobatidae"](http://www.amphibiaweb.org/lists/Dendrobatidae.shtml). *AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]*. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.

1. López-Hervas, Karem; Santos, Juan C.; Ron, Santiago R.; Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy; Cannatella, David C.; Tarvin, Rebecca D. (2024-06-01). "Deep divergences among inconspicuously colored clades of Epipedobates poison frogs". *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution*. **195**. [Bibcode:2024MolPE.19508065L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024MolPE.19508065L). [doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108065](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108065). [ISSN 1055-7903](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1055-7903). [PMID 38531492](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38531492)

1. Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo; Cepeda-Quilindo, Belisario; Moreno-Quintero, Viviana (2008). "Una nueva especie de Epipedobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae) del suroccidente de Colombia". *Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia*. **48** (1). [doi:10.1590/s0031-10492008000100001](https://doi.org/10.1590/s0031-10492008000100001). [ISSN 0031-1049](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0031-1049)

1. Barbour, Thomas (1909). ["Corrections regarding the names of two recently described Amphibia Salientia"](https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/68548/1909%20proc%20Bio%20V%2022%20Lyon%20Nyeticebus%20p89%20pdf.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y). *Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington*. **22**: 89.

1. Barbour, Thomas (1905). ["The Vertebrata of Gorgona Island, Colombia: Reptilia; Amphibia"](https://eurekamag.com/research/023/811/023811086.php). *Bulletin of the Museum at Harvard College*. **46** (5): 98–102.

1. Funkhouser, John W. (17 September 1956). ["New frogs from Ecuador and southwestern Colombia"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51123856#page/107/mode/1up). *Zoologica: Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society*. **41** (9): 73–80. [doi:10.5962/p.190356](https://doi.org/10.5962/p.190356). [S2CID 90986498](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90986498). – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

1. Coloma, Luis A. (13 September 1995). ["Ecuadorian frogs of the genus Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae)"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/16171). *University of Kansas Natural History Museum*. **87**: 1–72. – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

1. Boulenger, G.A. (December 1899). ["LII—*Descriptions of new Reptiles and Batrachians collected by Mr. P. O. Simons in the Andes of Ecuador*"](https://zenodo.org/record/2014156). *Annals and Magazine of Natural History*. **4** (24): 454–457. [doi:10.1080/00222939908678229](https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939908678229). [ISSN 0374-5481](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0374-5481)

1. Noble, Gladwyn Kingsley (30 Dec 1921). ["Five new species of Salientia from South America"](http://hdl.handle.net/2246/4615). *American Museum Novitates*. '***(29): 1–7. [hdl:2246/4615](https://hdl.handle.net/2246/4615)***

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Epipedobates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epipedobates) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epipedobates?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.