# Environmental informatics

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Environmental_informatics
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Environmental_informatics.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_informatics
> Source revision: 1334560771
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Information science applied to environmental science

**Environmental informatics** is the science of information applied to [environmental science](/source/Environmental_science). As such, it provides the [information processing](/source/Data_processing) and communication infrastructure to the interdisciplinary field of environmental sciences[1] aiming at data, information and [knowledge integration](/source/Knowledge_integration), the application of [computational intelligence](/source/Computational_intelligence) to [environmental data](/source/Environmental_data) as well as the identification of [environmental impacts](/source/Environmental_degradation) of [information technology](/source/Information_technology). Environmental informatics thus acts as a bridge, providing an interdisciplinary means of analysing, describing and understanding the complex interactions between humans, nature and technology.[2]

Since each field of applied computer science has its own subject matter, terminology and methods, specialised disciplines,[1] such as environmental, bio- and geoinformatics have emerged, each of which combines computer science with a specific field of application such as environmental, bio- or geosciences. Environmental informatics, bioinformatics and geoinformatics all deal with computer-based processing of environmental phenomena. However, environmental informatics is the only field that pursues normative goals (e.g., political goals of environmental protection, environmental planning, and sustainability).[1] This also influences the choice of methods.[1] This also distinguishes it from application areas such as numerical weather prediction, which is considered an early and important example of computer simulation of environmental phenomena.

The [UK](/source/United_Kingdom) [Natural Environment Research Council](/source/Natural_Environment_Research_Council) defines environmental informatics as the "research and system development focusing on the environmental sciences relating to the creation, collection, storage, processing, modelling, interpretation, display and dissemination of data and information."[3] Kostas Karatzas defined environmental informatics as the "creation of a new 'knowledge-paradigm' towards serving environmental management needs."[4] Karatzas argued further that environmental informatics "is an integrator of [science](/source/Science), methods and techniques and not just the result of using [information](/source/Information) and software technology methods and tools for serving [environmental engineering](/source/Environmental_engineering) needs."

Environmental informatics emerged in early 1990 in [Central Europe](/source/Central_Europe).[5]

Current initiatives to effectively manage, share, and reuse environmental and ecological data are indicative of the increasing importance of fields like environmental informatics and [ecoinformatics](/source/Ecoinformatics) to develop the foundations for effectively managing ecological information. Examples of these initiatives are [National Science Foundation](/source/National_Science_Foundation) [Datanet](/source/Datanet) projects, [DataONE](/source/DataONE) and Data Conservancy.

## Subject matter and objectives

The subject of environmental informatics are environmental information systems (EIS). An EIS 'is a computer-based system that integrates and stores data collected about the natural environment and provides powerful methods for accessing and evaluating it.'[6] This allows environmental data to be processed by computers for environmental protection, planning, research and technology.[6]

According to Jaeschke[2] and Bossel,[7] environmental informatics has three interrelated objectives:

1. Environmental informatics serves to procure data and information for describing the state and development of the environment.[2] Of particular importance is information that is needed to prevent or limit undesirable changes and to support desirable changes.[7]

1. Based on the evaluation and analysis of data, environmental informatics improves our understanding of the environment and the interactions between nature, technology and society.[2] It thus supports environmentally relevant decisions.[7]

1. This enables the influence of development (system correction),[2] the assessment of the effects and side effects of potential measures, and the creation of tools for the routine planning, implementation and monitoring of measures.[7]

## History

The simulation model World3, which formed the basis of the highly acclaimed study The Limits to Growth, is considered the starting point of environmental informatics.[8] It incorporated environmental information, among other things, to calculate scenarios for global development. In the mid-1980s, interest grew in structuring environmental protection as an area of application for [computer science](/source/Computer_science).[9] One of the first publications in German was the book *Informatik im Umweltschutz. Anwendungen und Perspektiven* (Computer science in environmental protection. Applications and perspectives)[9] from 1986. The term 'environmental informatics' did not appear until around 1993,[1] which is why the development of environmental informatics is usually referred to as having taken place in the 1990s.[10] In 1993, the first university chair for environmental informatics was established in [Cottbus](/source/Cottbus).[11] In 1994, the anthology *Umweltinformatik. Informatikmethoden für Umweltschutz und Umweltforschung* (Environmental Informatics: Informatics Methods for Environmental Protection and Environmental Research)[12] was published. The development of environmental informatics was 'primarily initiated by German computer science.'[6] In the English-speaking world, the volume *Environmental Informatics*[13] was published in 1995, mainly based on the German anthology of 1994.

An article in the conference proceedings of the *World Computer Congress* of the *International Federation for Information Processing* (IFIP) in [Hamburg](/source/Hamburg) in 1994 describes the initial situation of environmental informatics as follows:

'On the one hand, we suffer from the huge amount of available data – people sometimes speak of [data graveyards](/source/Data_graveyard) – on the other hand, the really relevant data may still be missing.'[14]

This statement indicates the need that led to the emergence of environmental informatics as a specialised discipline of applied computer science. Furthermore, the specific characteristics and processing requirements of environmental data necessitated the emergence of environmental informatics.[1] The special features of environmental data include:

- The data structures required are highly heterogeneous due to specific processes and differing perspectives on environmental aspects (e.g., water protection, emission control, hazardous substances).[1]

- In addition to the heterogeneity of the data, heterogeneous databases also play a role, as environmental data is often obtained and presented in an interdisciplinary manner.[1]

- Obligations change frequently as a result of new legislation, whether regional (e.g. state regulations on water protection), national (e.g. federal emission control regulations) or international (e.g. Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals|REACH).

- The objects represented are often multidimensional and, therefore, require complex geometric representation using curves or polygons.[1]

- It is often necessary to process uncertain, imprecise or incomplete data,[1] which is, for example, the result of extrapolations or forecasts.

A new "knowledge paradigm" has emerged to meet the requirements of environmental management.[15] Environmental informatics produces its own concepts, methods and techniques and is not merely the result of using information and communication technology methods and tools to meet environmental requirements.[15]

The development of environmental informatics since the 1990s has been significantly influenced by the newly established conferences EnviroInfo, ISESS and ITEE and is documented in the respective proceedings.[16] Aspects of sustainability and sustainable development were increasingly integrated into environmental informatics after 2000, thereby expanding the field.[17] In 2004, the Working Group on Sustainable Information Society of the *Gesellschaft für Informatik e. V.* (German Informatics Society, GI) published the *Memorandum on a Sustainable Information Society,*[17] which formulates recommendations for an information society that is compatible with human, social and natural needs. Since 2007, environmental informatics has often been described in more detail as informatics for environmental protection, sustainable development and risk management.[8] The increased focus on sustainability has also contributed to the formation of the research focus Information and Communications Technology for Sustainability (ICT4S) and to the emergence of the international conference ICT4S in 2013.[18]

ICT-ENSURE, the European Commission's funding measure for the establishment of a European research area on "ICT for Environmental Sustainability Research" (2008–2010), has also contributed to the structuring of environmental informatics.[19]

## Environmental informatics and sustainable development

Efforts to place environmental informatics within the context of sustainable development have been growing since 2000 and were significantly influenced by the *Memorandum on a Sustainable Information Society*.[11][18] According to this *Memorandum*, the information society offers great but unevenly distributed opportunities for education, participation and intercultural understanding.[11][18] In addition, the *Memorandum* highlighted the material and energy consumption of information and communication technology and the amount of waste it generates.[11][18] The hope was expressed that environmental informatics could contribute to the formation of a consensus in environmental policy and, thus, to the development of sustainable action strategies.[19] The systematic collection, processing and analysis of environmental data should lead to better environmental monitoring, better environmental management and progress in the sustainable management of natural resources.[20] In fact, the topics addressed in environmental informatics since the 1980s and the further development of remote sensing methods are widely used, e.g. in the environmental information systems of different countries.[8]

## Related research areas

Environmental informatics, like [Green Computing](/source/Green_computing) and the ICT4S, lies at the intersection of computer science and sustainable development.[19] While environmental informatics deals with environmental information systems and the corresponding data collection, storage, reproduction, analysis and evaluation, Green Computing is primarily concerned with the IT infrastructure itself, whose undesirable effects on the environment should be kept to a minimum.[19] ICT4S, on the other hand, takes a broader perspective than environmental informatics by examining the opportunities and risks of digitalisation for achieving sustainable development in general and raising questions about the social malleability of digitalisation.[19]

Other areas of research within computer science that explore the relationship between technical information processing and nature in the broadest sense includes bioinformatics and geoinformatics.[21] Apart from the common feature of computer-aided environmental information processing, the three disciplines differ primarily in their choice of methods.[1] In addition, environmental informatics has a normative orientation,[1] as it aims to prevent or limit undesirable environmental changes and support desirable ones.[5] However, the relationship between geoinformatics and environmental informatics is particularly close, as geographic information systems (GIS) serve as the basic technology for spatial environmental information systems and remote sensing has opened up new possibilities for environmental monitoring.[21]

## Conferences

- EnviroInfo [2013](http://www.enviroinfo2013.org/), [2012](http://www.enviroinfo2012.org/)

- Environmental Information Management [2011](https://eim.ecoinformatics.org/eim2011) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140903100051/https://eim.ecoinformatics.org/eim2011) 2014-09-03 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), [2008](https://eim.ecoinformatics.org/eim2008) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140903100205/https://eim.ecoinformatics.org/eim2008) 2014-09-03 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

- International Conference on Adaptive and Natural Computing Algorithms [ICANNGA](https://web.archive.org/web/20090927111850/http://www.icannga.com/)

- International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) [2014](http://2014.ict4s.org/), [2013](http://2013.ict4s.org/)

- International Conference on Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering [2013](http://www.itee2013.org/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130503125428/http://www.itee2013.org/) 2013-05-03 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

- International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software (iEMSs) [2014](http://www.iemss.org/sites/iemss2014/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140727160244/http://www.iemss.org/sites/iemss2014/) 2014-07-27 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), [2012](http://www.iemss.org/sites/iemss2012/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20121205131626/http://www.iemss.org/sites/iemss2012/) 2012-12-05 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), [2010](http://www.iemss.org/iemss2010/)

- International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM) [2013](https://web.archive.org/web/20150623132042/http://mssanz.org.au/rego/index.php?conference=MODSIM&schedConf=2013,)

- International Symposium on Environmental Software Systems (ISESS) [2013](http://www.isess2013.org/), [2011](http://www.isess2011.org/)

## Journals

- [ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks](https://web.archive.org/web/20130603192705/https://sites.google.com/site/acmtosn/)

- [Computers and Electronics in Agriculture](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/computers-and-electronics-in-agriculture/)

- [Earth Science Informatics](https://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/journal/12145)

- [Earth System Science Data](https://www.earth-system-science-data.net/)

- [Environmental Earth Sciences](https://www.springer.com/earth+sciences+and+geography/geology/journal/12665)

- [Environmental Modelling and Software](http://www.journals.elsevier.com/environmental-modelling-and-software/)

- [Environmental Monitoring and Assessment](https://www.springer.com/environment/monitoring+-+environmental+analysis/journal/10661)

- [IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing](https://web.archive.org/web/20140403102138/http://www.grss-ieee.org/publications/jstars/)

- [International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems](http://www.igi-global.com/journal/international-journal-agricultural-environmental-information/1160)

- [International Journal of Digital Earth](http://digitalearth-isde.org/publication/70)

- [International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks](http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijdsn/)

- [International Journal of Sensor Networks](http://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijsnet)

- [Journal of Environmental Informatics](http://www.iseis.org/jei/)

- [Journal of Environmental Informatics Letters](http://www.jeiletters.org/)

## Institutions

- [Aalto University](https://web.archive.org/web/20160827004347/http://civil.aalto.fi/en/research/water_and_environment/environmentalengineering/environmentalinformatics/): Environmental Informatics

- [Aristotle University of Thessaloniki](http://isag.meng.auth.gr/)[*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]: Informatics Applications and Systems Group, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering: Teaching and Research on Environmental Informatics and Quality of Life Information Services

- [CSIRO](/source/CSIRO): [Environmental Informatics Research Group](https://research.csiro.au/ei/)

- [Institute for Environmental Analytics](http://www.the-iea.org/): Applied environmental informatics, based at the [University of Reading](/source/University_of_Reading), UK

- [Griffith University](/source/Griffith_University): [Environmental Informatics, a research institute](https://www.griffith.edu.au/institute-integrated-intelligent-systems/our-research/environmental-informatics)

- [Lancaster Environment Center](http://www.lec.lancs.ac.uk/research/environmental_informatics/): Centre for environmental informatics

- [Lincoln University](http://www.lincoln.ac.nz/Study/Qualifications/Qualification/?QualCode=b.environment%20and%20society&major=gisenvinf): GIS and Environmental Informatics

- [Masaryk University](http://www.iba.muni.cz/index-en.php?s=environmental-informatics): Division of environmental informatics and modeling

- [Northern Arizona University](https://nau.edu/SICCS/Academics/PhD-INF/): PhD in Environmental Informatics

- [NUI Galway](http://www.nuigalway.ie/eci/research/environmental_informatics.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20101026031658/http://www.nuigalway.ie/eci/research/environmental_informatics.html) 2010-10-26 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine): Environmental informatics

- [RISSAC](http://www.mta-taki.hu/en/departments/wgenvirionmentalinf): Department of environmental informatics, research institute for soil science and agricultural chemistry, Hungarian academy of sciences

- [Stanford University](http://www.stanford.edu/group/ei/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120307032402/http://www.stanford.edu/group/ei/) 2012-03-07 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine): Sustainable development & environmental informatics

- [Tokyo Institute of Technology](http://www.mei.titech.ac.jp/index-e.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120224050357/http://www.mei.titech.ac.jp/index-e.html) 2012-02-24 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine): Department of Mechanical and Environmental Informatics

- [TU Graz](https://web.archive.org/web/20110706095130/http://kmi.tugraz.at/research/focus_areas/environmental_informatics): Research focus area in environmental informatics

- [University of California, Irvine](http://www.ics.uci.edu/faculty/area/area_environmental.php): Bren school environmental informatics research

- [University of Dayton](http://www.udayton.edu/engineering/iac_content/index.php): Center of excellence for strategic energy and environmental informatics

- [University of Eastern Finland](http://www.uef.fi/envi): Division of environmental informatics within the department of environmental science at Kuopio Campus

- [University of Hamburg](http://agis-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/asi/forschung/umweltinformatik/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110719103334/http://agis-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/asi/forschung/umweltinformatik/) 2011-07-19 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine): Research in environmental informatics

- [University of Las Vegas, Nevada](https://web.archive.org/web/20100623230843/http://informatics.unlv.edu/cognates/environmental.htm): Environmental informatics undergraduate program

- [University of Marburg](https://www.uni-marburg.de/en/fb19/disciplines/physisch/ecoinformatics): Physical Geography: Environmental Informatics

- [University of Michigan](https://web.archive.org/web/20140209092230/http://snre.umich.edu/degrees/masters/environmental_informatics/overview): Environmental informatics GIS and modeling graduate program

- [University of South Australia](/source/University_of_South_Australia): [Environmental Informatics postgraduate course](https://study.unisa.edu.au/courses/101362)

- [University of Oldenburg](http://www-ui.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de/): Division of environmental informatics

- [University of Sunderland](https://web.archive.org/web/20101214124919/http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/faculties/apsc/centres/cei/): Centre for environmental informatics

- [University of Applied Sciences (HTW) Berlin](http://www.bui-berlin.de/): Research and undergraduate program

- [\[1\]](https://www.tntech.edu/cis/ses/psm/index.php): Professional Science Graduate Program: Environmental Informatics

- [Vienna University of Technology](http://ei.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20121021155630/http://ei.infosys.tuwien.ac.at/) 2012-10-21 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine): Doctoral College: Environmental Informatics

- [Virginia Polytechnic Institute](http://frec.vt.edu/ei/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150404062107/http://frec.vt.edu/ei/) 2015-04-04 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine): Undergraduate Program: Environmental Informatics

## Collaborations

- [DataONE](http://www.dataone.org): Data Observation Network for Earth

- [Data Conservancy](http://www.dataconservancy.org) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201028090137/https://dataconservancy.org/) 2020-10-28 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine): Leading the movement to build data management tools and services across institutions and disciplines

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:0_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:0_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:0_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-:0_1-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-:0_1-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-:0_1-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-:0_1-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-:0_1-11) L.M. Hilty, B. Page, F.J. Radermacher and W.-F. Riekert. Environmental Informatics as a new discipline of applied computer science. N.M. Avouris and B. Page (eds.), Environmental Informatics (1995), pp. 1-11. Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Netherlands. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-7923-3445-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7923-3445-0)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:2_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:2_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:2_2-4) Jaeschke (1994). *Umweltinformatik – Ein neues Anwendungsgebiet der Informatik* (in German). Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. 10–13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["NERC - Science topics within NERC's remit"](https://web.archive.org/web/20061222122104/http://www.nerc.ac.uk/funding/application/topics.asp). *www.nerc.ac.uk*. Archived from [the original](http://www.nerc.ac.uk/funding/application/topics.asp) on 2006-12-22.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** K. Karatzas. Environmental Informatics: Concepts and Definitions. In: A. Gnauck and R. Heinrich (eds.), Proceedings of "The Information Society and Enlargement of the European Union"-17th International Conference Informatics for Environmental Protection, Part 1: Concepts and Methods. Metropolis publishers, pp. 146-151, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [3-89518-440-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89518-440-3).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:11_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:11_5-1) B. Page, V. Wohlgemuth. Advances in Environmental Informatics: Integration of Discrete Event Simulation Methodology with ecological Material Flow Analysis for Modelling eco-efficient Systems, Procedia Environmental Sciences, Volume 2, International Conference on Ecological Informatics and Ecosystem Conservation (ISEIS 2010), 2010, Pages 696-705, ISSN 1878-0296, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.079](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.proenv.2010.10.079)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_6-2) Page (1998). *Umweltinformatik* (in German). Oldenbourg: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 905.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:3_7-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:3_7-3) Bossel (1994). *Umweltinformatik. Informatikmethoden für Umweltschutz und Umweltforschung (= Handbuch der Informatik)* (in German). Oldenbourg: Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 33–42.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:6_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:6_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:6_8-2) Horbach, Matthias; Gesellschaft für Informatik, eds. (2013). *Informatik 2013 - Informatik angepasst an Mensch, Organisation und Umwelt; Tagung vom 16.-20. September 2013 in Koblenz*. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik (in German). Bonn: Ges. für Informatik. pp. 1005–1012. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-88579-614-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88579-614-5).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:4_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:4_9-1) Page, Bernd; Hilty, Lorenz M., eds. (1986). *Informatik im Umweltschutz: Anwendungen und Perspektiven*. München: R. Oldenbourg. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-486-26166-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-26166-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Wohlgemuth; Page. *Advances in Environmental Informatics. Integration of Discrete Event Simulation Methodology with ecological Material Flow Analysis for Modelling eco-efficient Systems* (2nd ed.). Procedia Environmental Sciences. pp. 696–705. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1878-0296](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1878-0296).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:8_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:8_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:8_11-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:8_11-3) Tochtermann, Klaus; Scharl, Arno, eds. (2006). *Managing environmental knowledge: proceedings of the 20th International Conference "Informatics for Environmental Protection" Graz (Austria)*. Aachen: Shaker. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-8322-5321-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8322-5321-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Page, Bernd, ed. (1994), *Handbuch der Informatik. 3: 13. Produktionsorientierte Anwendungen Umweltinformatik: Informatikmethoden für Umweltschutz und Umweltforschung*, München: Oldenbourg, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-486-22723-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-22723-9)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Avouris, Nicholas M.; Page, Bernd (1995). *Environmental informatics: methodology and applications of environmental information processing*. Euro courses. Dordrecht Boston London: Kluwer academic publ. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-7923-3445-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-3445-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Brunnstein, Klaus, ed. (1995), *Information processing '94: proceedings of the IFIP 13th World Computer Congress, Hamburg, Germany, 28 August - 2 September, 1994. Vol. 2: Applications and impacts / ed. by Klaus Brunnstein*, IFIP transactions A, Computer science and technology, International Federation for Information Processing (1. ed., 2. impr ed.), Amsterdam: North-Holland, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-444-81987-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-444-81987-1)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:5_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:5_15-1) Gnauck, Albrecht; Heinrich, Ralph (2003). *The Information Society and Enlargement of the European Union*. Marburg: Metropolis Verlag. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-89518-440-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89518-440-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Aebischer; Hilty (2015). *CT Innovations for Sustainability. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing* (310 ed.). Springer. pp. 3–36.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:7_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:7_17-1) Dompke, Mario, ed. (2004). *Memorandum nachhaltige Informationsgesellschaft*. Stuttgart: Fraunhofer-IRB-Verl. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-8167-6446-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8167-6446-5).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:9_18-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:9_18-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:9_18-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:9_18-3) Dompke (2004). *Memorandum Nachhaltige Informationsgesellschaft*. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [3-8167-6446-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8167-6446-0).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:10_19-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:10_19-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:10_19-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:10_19-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:10_19-4) Hilty, Lorenz M.; Aebischer, Bernard (2015). Hilty, Lorenz M.; Aebischer, Bernard (eds.). ["ICT for Sustainability: An Emerging Research Field"](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-09228-7_1). *ICT Innovations for Sustainability*. Cham: Springer International Publishing: 3–36. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/978-3-319-09228-7_1](https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-09228-7_1). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-319-09228-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-09228-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** *Environmental Informatics: Aspects in Society, Economy and Development – A Study*. New Delhi Publishers. 2020. pp. 73–83. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-93-8887990-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-8887990-3).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:12_21-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:12_21-1) Hilty (2006). *Umweltbezogene Informationsverarbeitung. Beiträge der Informatik zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung* (in German) (2. Korrigierte Auflage ed.). Universität Hamburg.

v t e Information processing Information processes information processes by function perception attention influence operating communication reasoning learning storing decision-making information processing abstractions event processing sign processesing signal processing data processing stream processing agent processing state processing Information processors natural nature as information processing humans as information processing systems society as information processing system mixed mixed reality brain–computer interface physical computing human–computer interaction artificial processors and processes bio-inspired computing ubiquitous computing artificial brain and mind uploading virtual reality virtual world Information processing theories and concepts in biology computational and systems biology genetic informatics and cellular computing computational neuroscience and neurocomputing in cognitive psychology information processing theory mind and intelligence cognitive informatics and neuroinformatics behavior informatics in computer science neural computation computation theory algorithms and information structures computational circuits artificial intelligence in philosophy computational theory of mind philosophy of information philosophy of artificial intelligence interdisciplinary information theory decision theory systems theory other infosphere inforg Decoding the Universe information overload

Authority control databases: National Czech Republic

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Environmental informatics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_informatics) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_informatics?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.