# Entoloma

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{{Short description|Genus of fungi}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = 2005-09-25 Entoloma sinuatum cropped.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Entoloma sinuatum](/source/Entoloma_sinuatum)''
| taxon = Entoloma
| authority = ([Fr.](/source/Elias_Magnus_Fries)) [P.Kumm.](/source/Paul_Kummer) (1871)
| type_species = ''[Entoloma sinuatum](/source/Entoloma_sinuatum)''
| type_species_authority = ([Bull.](/source/Jean_Baptiste_Fran%C3%A7ois_Pierre_Bulliard)) P.Kumm. (1871)
| synonyms = {{Collapsible list|bullets=on
|''Agaricus'' trib. ''Entoloma'' <small>Fr. (1838)</small>
|''Alboleptonia'' <small>Largent & R.G.Benedict (1970)</small>
|''Arenicola'' <small>[Velen.](/source/Josef_Velenovsk%C3%BD) (1947)</small>
|''Calliderma'' <small>([Romagn.](/source/Romagn.)) Largent (1994)</small>
|''Claudopus'' <small>[Gillet](/source/Claude_Casimir_Gillet) (1876)</small>
|''Clitopiloides'' <small>([Romagn.](/source/Romagn.)) Largent (1994)</small>
|''Eccilia'' <small>(Fr.) P.Kumm. (1871)</small>
|''Fibropilus'' <small> ([Noordel.](/source/Machiel_Noordeloos)) Largent (1994)</small>
|''Inocephalus'' <small> (Noordel.) [P.D.Orton](/source/P.D.Orton) (1991)</small>
|''[Leptonia](/source/Leptonia)'' <small>(Fr.) P.Kumm. (1871)</small>
|''Leptoniella'' <small>[Earle](/source/Franklin_Sumner_Earle) (1909)</small>
|''Nigropogon'' <small>[Coker](/source/William_Chambers_Coker) & [Couch](/source/John_Nathaniel_Couch) (1928)</small>
|''[Nolanea](/source/Nolanea)'' <small>(Fr.) P.Kumm. (1871)</small>
|''Omphaliopsis'' <small> (Noordel.) P.D.Orton (1991)</small>
|''Paraeccilia'' <small>Largent (1994)</small>
|''Paraleptonia'' <small>(Romagn. ex Noordel.) P.D.Orton (1991)</small>
|''Pouzarella'' <small>Mazzer (1976)</small>
|''Richoniella'' <small>[Costantin](/source/Julien_No%C3%ABl_Costantin) & L.M.Dufour (1900)</small>
|''Rhodocybella'' <small>T.J.Baroni & [R.H.Petersen](/source/R.H.Petersen) (1987)</small>
|''Rhodogaster'' <small>[E.Horak](/source/Egon_Horak) (1964)</small>
|''Rhodophyllus'' <small>[Quél.](/source/Qu%C3%A9l.) (1886) ([nom. illegit.](/source/nom._illegit.))</small>
|''Trichopilus'' <small>(Romagn.) P.D.Orton (1991)</small>
}}
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = [2031 species](/source/List_of_Entoloma_species)<ref name="CatofLife"/>
}}

'''''Entoloma'''''  is a [genus](/source/genus) of [fungi](/source/fungi) in the [order](/source/order_(biology)) [Agaricales](/source/Agaricales), with the [common name](/source/common_name) of '''pinkgills'''. The [basidiocarp](/source/basidiocarp)s (fruit bodies) are typically [agaric](/source/agaric)oid (gilled mushrooms), though a minority are [gasteroid](/source/gasteroid). All have salmon-pink [basidiospores](/source/basidiospores) which colour the gills at maturity and are angular ([polyhedral](/source/polyhedron)) under a microscope. The genus is large, with almost 2000 [species](/source/species) worldwide. Most species are [saprotrophic](/source/saprotrophic), but some are [ectomycorrhizal](/source/ectomycorrhizal), and a few are parasitic on other fungi. The [type](/source/type_species), ''[Entoloma sinuatum](/source/Entoloma_sinuatum)'', is one of several ''Entoloma'' species that are [poisonous](/source/Mushroom_poisoning), typically causing mild to severe [gastrointestinal](/source/gastrointestinal) illness.

==Taxonomy==
===History===
In 1838 the Swedish [mycologist](/source/mycologist) [Elias Magnus Fries](/source/Elias_Magnus_Fries) classified all pink-spored, gilled fungi into "tribes" or "subtribes", placing those with a ''[Tricholoma](/source/Tricholoma)''-like shape and gills attached to the stem into tribe ''Entoloma''. The small subtribe ''Leptonia'' had convex fleshy membranaceous caps, the subtribe ''Nolanea'' were slender fungi with bell-shaped caps and hollow stems, and the subtribe ''Eccilia'' had umbilicate caps and [adnate](/source/lamella_(mycology)) gills.<ref name="Fries 1838"/> In 1871 German mycologist [Paul Kummer](/source/Paul_Kummer) raised these tribes and subtribes to genera.<ref name=Kummer/> Additional genera were added by subsequent authors.<ref name="Orton1991"/><ref name="Orton1991b"/><ref name="Largent1994"/> Following this classification system, ''Entoloma'' has a restricted meaning and has sometimes been referred to as ''Entoloma'' ''[sensu stricto](/source/sensu_stricto).''<ref name="Largent1994"/>

In 1886 French mycologist [Lucien Quélet](/source/Lucien_Qu%C3%A9let) united all the fungi with pinkish-red [adnate](/source/Lamella_(mycology)) or [sinuate](/source/Lamella_(mycology)) gills and angular spores into a new genus ''Rhodophyllus'' (meaning "pink gill").<ref name="Quélet 1886"/> Because his new genus included the earlier name ''Entoloma'', ''Rhodophyllus'' is [illegitimate](/source/nom._illegit.), as noted by [Donk](/source/Marinus_Anton_Donk),<ref name = "Donk62"/> and ''Entoloma'' was subsequently adopted to cover all the pink-spored agarics with angular spores.<ref name=Noor92/> Following this classification system, ''Entoloma'' has a broad meaning and has sometimes been referred to as ''Entoloma'' ''[sensu lato](/source/sensu_lato)''.<ref name="Orton1991"/><ref name=Noor92/> The synonyms listed here are applicable to ''Entoloma'' sensu lato.

These two classification systems continue to co-exist, with those taxonomists favouring a broad generic concept following Quélet, and the others a narrow generic concept following Kummer.

===Current status===
Recent [molecular](/source/Molecular_phylogenetics) research, based on [cladistic](/source/cladistic) analysis of [DNA sequences](/source/DNA_sequences), has shown that ''Entoloma'' ''sensu lato'' is [monophyletic](/source/monophyletic) (a natural grouping), whereas ''Entoloma'' ''sensu stricto'', as previously defined, is [paraphyletic](/source/paraphyletic) (an artificial grouping). The other genera (''Leptonia'', ''Nolanea'', etc., as previously defined) are equally artificial.<ref name=CoDavid2009/>

Accordingly, ''Entoloma'' is now broadly applied by most mycologists, pending further research. Some of the component genera are, however, currently being redefined by DNA sequencing. Thus ''[Nolanea](/source/Nolanea)'', for example, has been redefined (by excluding some species and adding others) as a monophyletic grouping within ''Entoloma'' sensu lato and treated either as a [subgenus](/source/subgenus)<ref name=Reschke2022/> or as a separate genus.<ref name="Karstedt2020"/> A basal group of species has also been moved to the genus ''[Entocybe](/source/Entocybe)'' based on DNA research.<ref name="Baroni 2011"/>

==Etymology==
The name ''Entoloma'' is derived from the [Greek](/source/Greek_(language)) ''entos'' (ἐντός) meaning ''inner'' and ''lóma'' (λῶμα) meaning ''fringe'' from the in-rolled margin.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Nilson S, Persson O | year = 1977 | title = Fungi of Northern Europe 2: Gill-Fungi | publisher = Penguin|isbn=0-14-063006-6|page=98}}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Entoloma chloropolium 699336.jpg|thumb|Angular (polyhedral) basidiospores of ''[Entoloma chloropolium](/source/Entoloma_chloropolium)'']]
[Basidiocarps](/source/Basidiocarps) (fruit bodies) are typically [agaric](/source/agaric)oid (mushroom-shaped with gills), occasionally [secotioid](/source/secotioid) or [gasteroid](/source/gasteroid) (truffle-like). Agaricoid species are variously large and thick-set to small and delicate, but all have [lamellae](/source/Lamella_(mycology)) (gills) that are attached to the stem (not free) and become pinkish with age from the pink [basidiospores](/source/basidiospores). The [stipe](/source/stipe_(mycology)) (stem) lacks an [annulus](/source/Annulus_(mycology)) (ring). A few species are [pleurotoid](/source/pleurotoid) with a small lateral stem. Secotioid and gasteroid species (previously referred to the genera ''Richoniella'' and ''Rhodogaster'') have irregularly globose fruit bodies, brownish with a distinct stipe in secotioid species (such as the European ''[Entoloma calongei](/source/Entoloma_calongei)'') or whitish without a stipe in truffle-like species (such as ''[Entoloma gasteromycetoides](/source/Entoloma_gasteromycetoides)'' described from New Zealand). All are internally pinkish (from the spores) when mature. Microscopically, all ''Entoloma'' species have basidiospores that are angular in all views.

==Ecology==
Most species are [saprotrophic](/source/saprotrophic), growing on decaying plant material or (less commonly) on dead wood. A few species are [ectomycorrhiza](/source/ectomycorrhiza)l. ''[Entoloma sinuatum](/source/Entoloma_sinuatum)'', for example, has been shown to form an association with willows (''[Salix](/source/Salix)'' species)<ref name="Agerer1997"/> and ''[Entoloma nitidum](/source/Entoloma_nitidum)'' with hornbeams (''[Carpinus](/source/Carpinus)'' species).<ref name="Montecchio2006"/> A similar association of ''[Entoloma sepium](/source/Entoloma_sepium)'' with fruit trees ([Rosaceae](/source/Rosaceae)) has, however, been shown to be root parasitism,<ref name="Agerer1993"/> though other studies have suggested some kind of mycorrhizal partnership may exist.<ref name=Shishikura2021/> A very few species are parasitic on other fungi, notably ''[Entoloma abortivum](/source/Entoloma_abortivum)'' a parasite of ''[Armillaria](/source/Armillaria)'' species,<ref name="Koch2021"/> and ''[Entoloma parasiticum](/source/Entoloma_parasiticum)'' which frequently grows on fruit bodies of ''[Cantharellus](/source/Cantharellus)'' species.<ref name=Noor92/>

''Entoloma'' species are found in a wide variety of habitats, including grasslands and dunes, temperate and tropical forests and woodlands, peat-bogs and moors.<ref name=Noor92/>

==Conservation==
Some European ''Entoloma'' species are restricted to [waxcap grassland](/source/waxcap_grassland) (nutrient-poor grassland), a declining habitat as a result of changes in agricultural practice. This decline has led to four European ''Entoloma'' species, ''[Entoloma bloxamii](/source/Entoloma_bloxamii)'', ''[E. griseocyaneum](/source/Entoloma_griseocyaneum)'', ''[E. porphyrophaeum](/source/Entoloma_porphyrophaeum)'', and ''[E. prunuloides](/source/Entoloma_prunuloides)'', being assessed as globally "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.<ref name=IUCN/>

Elsewhere, several rare and localized endemic species are assessed as globally "endangered" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.<ref name=IUCN/> They include ''[Entoloma chilense](/source/Entoloma_chilense)'' in Chile, ''[E. eugenei](/source/Entoloma_eugenei)'' in Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East, and ''[E. ravinense](/source/Entoloma_ravinense)'' in Australia. ''[Entoloma alissae](/source/Entoloma_alissae)'' in California and ''[E. necopinatum](/source/Entoloma_necopinatum)'' in Chile are assessed as globally "vulnerable".<ref name=IUCN/>

==Toxic and edible species==
Several ''Entoloma'' species are known to be poisonous, causing gastroenteric symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain).<ref name="Benjamin"/> At least one poisonous species, ''[E. rhodopolium](/source/Entoloma_rhodopolium)'', has been found to contain significant quantities of the mycotoxin [muscarine](/source/muscarine).<ref name="Benjamin"/> The English naturalist [Worthington George Smith](/source/Worthington_George_Smith) mistakenly ate ''[Entoloma sinuatum](/source/Entoloma_sinuatum)'' and was "so continually and fearfully purged, and suffered so much from headache and swimming of the brain, that I really thought that every moment would be my last."<ref name="WGSmith"/> Other species known to be poisonous include ''[Entoloma mammosum](/source/Entoloma_mammosum)'', ''[E. pascuum](/source/Entoloma_pascuum)'', ''[E. strictius](/source/Entoloma_strictius)'', and ''[E. vernum](/source/Entoloma_vernum)''.<ref name="Benjamin"/> Additional species reported as poisonous include ''[Entoloma abortivum](/source/Entoloma_abortivum)''<ref name="Beug2006"/> (reported as edible, below), ''[E. aprile](/source/Entoloma_aprile)'',<ref name="Beug2006"/> ''[E. bahusiense](/source/Entoloma_bahusiense)'',<ref name="Beug2006"/> ''[E. grande](/source/Entoloma_grande)'',<ref name="Beug2006"/> ''[E. luridum](/source/Entoloma_luridum)'',<ref name="Beug2006"/> ''[E. omiense](/source/Entoloma_omiense)'',<ref name="Li2020"/> and ''[E. quadratum](/source/Entoloma_quadratum)''.<ref name="Li2020"/>

Fruit bodies of a number of ''Entoloma'' species are reported as being locally consumed, including ''[Entoloma abortivum](/source/Entoloma_abortivum)'' (reported as toxic, above) and ''[E. clypeatum](/source/Entoloma_clypeatum)'' in Mexico, ''[E. rhodopolium](/source/Entoloma_rhodopolium)'' (reported as toxic, above) and ''E. clypeatum'' in Ukraine, and ''[E. argyropus](/source/Entoloma_argyropus)'' in Tanzania.<ref name="Boa 2004"/> It seems probable that some of these ''Entoloma'' species were misidentified and "all should be regarded as potentially dangerous".<ref name="Spoerke1994"/>

<gallery widths="180px" heights="180px" perrow="6">
File:2012-08-12 Entoloma murrayi (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc 250134.jpg|{{center|''[Entoloma murrayi](/source/Entoloma_murrayi)'', USA}}
File:Entoloma eugenei 16579164.jpg|{{center|''[Entoloma eugenei](/source/Entoloma_eugenei)'', Russia}}
File:Entoloma gasteromycetoides Co-David & Noordel 63171.jpg|{{center|''[Entoloma gasteromycetoides](/source/Entoloma_gasteromycetoides)'', New Zealand}}
File:Entoloma parasiticum (Quél.) Kreisel 647283.jpg|{{center|''[Entoloma parasiticum](/source/Entoloma_parasiticum)'' on ''[Cantharellus](/source/Cantharellus)'' fruit body, USA}}
File:Entoloma_occidentale_var._metallicum.jpg|{{center|''[Entoloma occidentale var. metallicum](/source/Entoloma_occidentale_var._metallicum)'', USA}}
File:Entoloma necopinatum Horak 868359.jpg|{{center|''[Entoloma necopinatum](/source/Entoloma_necopinatum)'', Chile}}
File:2013-10-13 Entoloma abortivum (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) Donk 389687.jpg|{{center|''[Entoloma abortivum](/source/Entoloma_abortivum)'', Canada}}
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=

<ref name="Agerer1993">{{cite journal |vauthors=Agerer R, Waller K |title= Mycorrhizae of ''Entoloma saepium'': parasitism or symbiosis? |journal=Mycorrhiza |volume=3 |pages=145–154 |year=1993|issue= 4 |doi=10.1007/BF00203608|bibcode= 1993Mycor...3..145A |s2cid= 38744989 }}</ref>

<ref name="Agerer1997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Agerer R |year=1997 |title=''Entoloma sinuatum'' (Bull.: Fr.) Kummer + ''Salix'' spec. |journal=Descriptions of Ectomycorrhizae |volume=2 |pages=13–18}}</ref>

<ref name="WGSmith">{{cite book |author=Smith WG |year=1879 |title=Mushrooms and Toadstools: How to distinguish easily the differences between the Edible and Poisonous Fungi|location =London |publisher=Hardwicke and Bogue}}</ref>

<ref name="Baroni 2011">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baroni TJ, Hofstetter V, Largent DL, Vilgalys R |title=''Entocybe'' is proposed as a new genus in the Entolomataceae (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) based on morphological and molecular evidence |journal=North American Fungi |year=2011 |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.2509/naf2011.006.012 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |url=http://www2.cortland.edu/dotAsset/49c21026-da91-4a58-8b8a-c147d8f3619d.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Benjamin">{{cite book |author=Benjamin, Denis R. |title=Mushrooms: Poisons and Panaceas—A Handbook for Naturalists, Mycologists and Physicians |publisher=WH Freeman and Company |location=New York |year=1995 |isbn=0-7167-2600-9}}</ref>

<ref name="Beug2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Beug MW, Shaw M, Cochran KW |title=Thirty-Plus Years of Mushroom Poisoning: Summary of the Approximately 2,000 Reports in the NAMA Case Registry |journal=McIlvainea |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=47–68 |year=2006 |url=https://namyco.org/docs/Poisonings30year.pdf |access-date=2023-04-25 |archive-date=2023-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530011452/https://namyco.org/docs/Poisonings30year.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Boa 2004">{{cite book |author=Boa ER. |title=Wild Edible Fungi: A Global Overview of Their Use and Importance to People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zd2NlcNZgvcC&pg=PA138 |year=2004 |publisher=Food & Agriculture Organization |isbn=978-92-5-105157-3 |page=138}}</ref>

<ref name="CatofLife">{{cite web |title=Catalogue of Life |url=https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4C62 |access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref>

<ref name=CoDavid2009>{{cite journal |vauthors=Co-David D, Langeveld D, Noordeloos ME |author3-link=Machiel Noordeloos |title=Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae |journal=Persoonia |volume=23 |pages=147–76 |year=2009 |pmid=20198166 |pmc=2802732 |doi=10.3767/003158509X480944 |url=https://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/nhn/00315850/v23n1/s11.pdf?expires=1685225126&id=0000&titleid=75002420&checksum=C7FFC87FF4A1FF609415D9C8CE625BB3&host=https://www.ingentaconnect.com }}</ref>

<ref name = "Donk62">{{cite journal| last=Donk| first=M.A.| title=The generic names proposed for Agaricaceae| journal=Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia| pages=1–320| volume=5| year=1962| issn= 0078-2238}}</ref>

<ref name="Fries 1838">{{cite book |last=Fries |first=EM |year=1838 |url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/12103/?offset=#page=157&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q= |title=Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici: Seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum |publisher=Regiae Academiae Typographia |location=Uppsala, Sweden |volume=1–2}}</ref>

<ref name=IUCN>{{cite web |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?query=entoloma&searchType=species |title=''Entoloma'': The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |access-date=2022-05-01}}</ref>

<ref name="Karstedt2020">{{cite journal |vauthors=Karstedt F, Bergemann SE, Capelari M |year=2020 |title=Five ''Nolanea'' spp. nov. from Brazil |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=135 |issue=3 |pages=589–612 |doi=10.5248/135.589 |s2cid=226328843 |url=https://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/mtax/00934666/v135n3/s11.pdf?expires=1685224785&id=0000&titleid=41000038&checksum=0C66A115F25EA0FA6955768B1CD3E784&host=https://www.ingentaconnect.com}}</ref>

<ref name="Koch2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koch RA, Herr JR |title=Transcriptomics Reveals the Putative Mycoparasitic Strategy of the Mushroom ''Entoloma abortivum'' on Species of the Mushroom Genus ''Armillaria'' |journal=mSystems |date=2021 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=e0054421 |doi=10.1128/mSystems.00544-21  |doi-access=free|pmid=34636668 |pmc=8510539 }}</ref>

<ref name=Kummer>{{Cite book |last=Kummer |first=Paul |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/106672#page/102/mode/1upp |title=Der Führer in die Pilzkunde : Anleitung zum methodischen, leichten und sichern Bestimmen der in Deutschland vorkommenden Pilze : mit Ausnahme der Schimmel- und allzu winzigen Schleim- und Kern-Pilzchen |date=1871 |publisher=Verlag von E. Luppe's Buchhandlung |location=Zerbst |pages=94–97}}</ref>

<ref name="Largent1994">{{cite book |author=Largent DL |title=Entolomatoid fungi of the western United States and Alaska |publisher=Mad River Press |location=USA |year=1994}}</ref>

<ref name="Li2020">{{cite journal |vauthors=Li H, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Zhou J, Yin Y, Jiang S, Ma P, He Q, Zhang Y, Wen K, Yuan Y, Lang N, Lu J, Sun C |title=Mushroom Poisoning Outbreaks — China, 2019[J] |journal=China CDC Weekly |year=2020 |volume=2 |issue=2) |pages=19–24 |doi=10.46234/ccdcw2020.005 |pmid=34594654 |pmc=8392910 |url=https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/fileCCDCW/journal/article/ccdcw/2020/2/PDF/190051.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name="Montecchio2006">{{cite journal |vauthors=Montecchio L, Rossi S, Courty P, Garbaye J  |title=Descriptions of Ectomycorrhizae. ''Entoloma nitidum'' Quel. plus ''Carpinus betulus'' L. |year=2006 |journal=Descriptions of Ectomycorrhizae |volume=9/10 |pages=31–36 |url=https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02820776/document}}</ref>

<ref name=Noor92>{{cite book |title=Fungi Europaei:''Entoloma'' sensu lato|author=Noordeloos ME |year=1992 |publisher=Giovanna Biella |location=Saronno, Italy |pages=760 }}</ref>

<ref name="Orton1991">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orton PD |title=A revised list of British species of ''Entoloma'' sensu lato |journal=The Mycologist |year=1991 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=123–138 |doi=10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80307-8}}</ref>

<ref name="Orton1991b">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orton PD |title=A revised list of British species of ''Entoloma'' sensu lato (part 2) |journal=The Mycologist |year=1991 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=172–176 |doi=10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80478-3}}</ref>

<ref name="Quélet 1886">{{cite book |author=Quélet L. |title=Enchiridion fungorum in Europa media et praesertim in Gallia vigentium |publisher=O.&nbsp;Doin |location=Switzerland |year=1886 |page=155 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101574#page/65/mode/1up}}</ref>

<ref name=Reschke2022>{{cite journal |vauthors=Reschke K, Morozova OV, Dima B, Cooper JA, Corriol G, Biketova AY, Piepenbring M, Noordeloos ME |year=2022  |title=Phylogeny, taxonomy, and character evolution in ''Entoloma'' subgenus ''Nolanea'' |journal=Persoonia |volume=49|pages=136–170 |doi=10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.04 |pmid=38234382 |pmc=10792224 |url=https://docserver.ingentaconnect.com/deliver/connect/nhn/00315850/v49n1/s4.pdf?expires=1685225026&id=0000&titleid=75002420&checksum=3CB2C27E2388459C507924467B7F515B&host=https://www.ingentaconnect.com }}</ref>

<ref name=Shishikura2021>{{cite journal |vauthors=Shishikura M, Takemura Y, Sotome K, Maekawa N, Nakagiri A, Endo N |year=2021 |title=Four mycelial strains of ''Entoloma clypeatum'' species complex form ectomycorrhiza-like roots with ''Pyrus betulifolia'' seedlings in vitro, and one develops fruiting bodies 2 months after inoculation |journal=Mycorrhiza |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=31–42 |doi=10.1007/s00572-020-00994-4|pmid=33105488 |bibcode=2021Mycor..31...31S |s2cid=254047880 }}</ref>

<ref name="Spoerke1994">{{cite book |author=Spoerke DG, Rumack BH |year=1994 |title=Handbook of mushroom poisoning: diagnosis and treatment |publisher=CRC Press |location=Boca Raton}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mushroomexpert.com/entoloma.html Mushroom Expert - The genus ''Entoloma'']
* [http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/sep2006.html Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month - ''Entoloma abortivum'']

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2099}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Entolomataceae
Category:Agaricales genera
Category:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries
Category:Taxa described in 1838
Category:Entoloma

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Entoloma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entoloma) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entoloma?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.