# Entobia

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Trace fossil

Entobia Temporal range: Devonian–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Modern Entobia borings in a bivalve shell Trace fossil classification Ichnofamily: †Entobiaidae Ichnogenus: †Entobia Bronn, 1838 Type ichnospecies Entobia cretacea Portlock, 1843 Ichnospecies[1] List E. cretacea Portlock, 1843 E. michelini (Nardo, 1845) E. glomerata (Michelin, 1846) E. nardina (Michelin, 1846) E. duvernoyi (Michelin, 1847) E. irregularis (d'Orbigny, 1850) E. ramosa (d'Orbigny, 1850) E. parisiensis (d'Orbigny, 1850) E. dissociata (Duchassaing, 1850) E. duvernoysii (Duchassaing, 1850) E. pectita (Michelotti, 1861) E. strombi (Duchassaing de Fonbressin & Michelotti, 1864) E. megastoma (Fischer in d'Archiac et al., 1866) E. falunica (Fischer in d'Archiac et al., 1866) E. cerithii (Fraas, 1867) E. paradoxa (Fischer, 1868) E. praecursor (Fischer, 1868) E. cerithiorum (Fischer, 1868) E. tubulosa (Seguenza, 1879) E. perforata (Seguenza, 1882) E. intricata (Seguenza, 1882) E. catenata (Frič, 1883) E. exogyrarum (Frič, 1883) E. mammillata (Chapman, 1907) E. peregrinator (Chapman, 1907) E. bullini (Annandale, 1920) E. devonica (Clarke, 1921) E. radiciformis (Lehner, 1937) E. microtuberum (Stephenson, 1941) E. retiformis (Stephenson, 1952) E. cateniformis Bromley & D'Alessandro, 1984 E. geometrica Bromley & D'Alessandro, 1984 E. laquea Bromley & D'Alessandro, 1984 E. ovula Bromley & D'Alessandro, 1984 E. volzi Bromley & D'Alessandro, 1984 E. depressa Ghare, 1985 E. dendritica Pleydell & Jones, 1988 E. gigantea Bromley & D'Alessandro, 1989 E. magna Bromley & D'Alessandro, 1989 E. parva Bromley & D'Alessandro, 1989 E. astrologica Mikuláš, 1992 E. solaris Mikuláš, 1992 E. goniodes Bromley & Asgaard, 1993 E. cervicornis Fürsich et al., 1994 E. convoluta Edinger & Risk, 1994 E. micra Wisshak, 2008 E. nana Wisshak, 2008 E. cracoviensis Bromley & Uchman in Bromley et al., 2009 E. resinensis Santos et al., 2011 E. colaria Wisshak et al., 2017 E. morrisi Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019 E. tuberculata Wisshak, Knaust & Bertling, 2019 Synonyms[1] Clionites Morris in Mantell, 1850 Topsentia Clarke, 1921 (junior homonym) Topsentopsis de Laubenfels in Moore, 1955 Uniglobites Pleydell & Jones, 1988

*Entobia* borings on the fossil shell of the bivalve "Pelecyora gigas" (Lamarck, 1818), Pliocene of Tuscany, Italy, (Natural History Museum University of Pisa)

*Entobia* in a bivalve shell, Florida.

***Entobia*** is a [trace fossil](/source/Trace_fossil) in a hard substrate (typically a shell, rock or [hardground](/source/Hardground) made of [calcium carbonate](/source/Calcium_carbonate)) formed by [sponges](/source/Sponges) as a branching network of galleries, often with regular enlargements termed chambers. Apertural canals connect the outer surface of the substrate to the chambers and galleries so the sponge can channel water through its tissues for [filter feeding](/source/Filter_feeding).[2] The fossil ranges from the [Devonian](/source/Devonian) to the Recent.[3][4]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Bioerosion2019_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Bioerosion2019_1-1) Wisshak, M.; Knaust, D.; Bertling, M. (2019). "Bioerosion ichnotaxa: review and annotated list". *Facies*. **65** (2): 24. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s10347-019-0561-8](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10347-019-0561-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Bromley, R.G. (1970). "Borings as trace fossils and *Entobia cretacea* Portlock, as an example". *Geological Journal*. **3**: 49–90.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Taylor, P.D., Wilson. M.A. (2003). "Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities". *Earth-Science Reviews*. **62** (1–2): 1–103. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2003ESRv...62....1T](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ESRv...62....1T). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0012-8252(02)00131-9](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0012-8252%2802%2900131-9).{{[cite journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Tapanila, L. (2006). "Devonian *Entobia* borings from Nevada, with a revision of *Topsentopsis*". *Journal of Paleontology*. **80** (4): 760–767. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80\[760:DEBFNW\]2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1666%2F0022-3360%282006%2980%5B760%3ADEBFNW%5D2.0.CO%3B2). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [129195867](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129195867).

## External links

- [Image of *Entobia cretacea* as a cast showing canals and chambers in three dimensions](http://palaeo-electronica.org/1999_2/coverart.htm)

*Entobia* from the [Prairie Bluff Chalk Formation](/source/Prairie_Bluff_Chalk_Formation) ([Maastrichtian](/source/Maastrichtian), Upper Cretaceous) of Starkville, Mississippi. Preserved as a cast of the excavations.

Taxon identifiers Entobia Wikidata: Q3055109 Wikispecies: Entobia GBIF: 4583368 iNaturalist: 516897 IRMNG: 1442526 Open Tree of Life: 4116476 Paleobiology Database: 70285

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