# Enterotoxemia

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**Enterotoxemia** is a condition induced by the absorption of large volumes of toxins produced by [bacteria](/source/Bacteria) such as *[Clostridium perfringens](/source/Clostridium_perfringens)* from the [intestines](/source/Intestines).[1] There are several strains of *C. perfringens* (type B, C, and D) that may lead to the development of this gastrointestinal condition.[citation needed]

## Lamb dysentery

A form of enterotoxemia caused by an infection of type B *C. perfringens*, affecting lambs who are less than three weeks old. Lambs often die before displaying clinical signs, nonetheless common behaviours of lambs with this condition include, cessation of nursing, [lethargy](/source/Lethargy), and [recumbency](/source/Lying_(position)). Diarrhea is typical as well, death usually occurs within a few days.[2]

## Calf enterotoxemia

A form of enterotoxemia caused by type B or type C *C. perfringens.* Calves less than one month of age are affected. The symptoms include, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, [convulsions](/source/Convulsion), and [opisthotonos](/source/Opisthotonus). Death may occur within a few days but recovery from this form is possible.[2]

## Overeating disease or pulpy kidney

A form of enterotoxemia caused by type D *C. perfringens* that occurs in sheep and goats.[3] When an animal is exposed to a rapid increase in dietary [carbohydrates](/source/Carbohydrate), the bacteria begin to [proliferate](/source/Bacterial_growth), causing a significant rise in the concentration of toxins.[4] Clinical signs include [anorexia](/source/Anorexia_(symptom)), [abdominal](/source/Abdomen) pain, and liquid diarrhea ([scours](/source/Diarrhea)) that may contain blood.[3]

## Edema disease

A form of enterotoxemia caused by specific pathotypes of *[Escherichia coli](/source/Escherichia_coli)* that occurs in nursery pigs.[5]

## References

1. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. 2007. Enterotoxemia (Overeating Disease) in Sheep and Goats. Retrieved from [http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/U/UNP-0089/UNP-0089.pdf](http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/U/UNP-0089/UNP-0089.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170329131354/http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/U/UNP-0089/UNP-0089.pdf) 2017-03-29 at the Wayback Machine

1. ["Enterotoxemias"](http://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/clostridial-diseases/enterotoxemias). *Merck Veterinary Manual*. Merck. Retrieved 2017-04-06.

1. ["News : Enterotoxemia in Sheep and Goats | The College of Veterinary Medicine at UGA"](http://vet.uga.edu/news/view/enterotoxemia_in_sheep_and_goats). *vet.uga.edu*. Retrieved 2017-04-06.

1. ["Vet's Corner//*Clostridium perfringens* in domestic farm animals"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170329211521/http://www.colorado-serum.com/vets/vol_1/vol1_2.htm). *www.colorado-serum.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.colorado-serum.com/vets/vol_1/vol1_2.htm) on 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2017-04-06.

1. ["Overview of Edema Disease"](https://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/edema-disease/overview-of-edema-disease). *Merck Veterinary Manual*. Merck. Retrieved 2019-07-06.

## External links

- [http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-26508--,00.html](http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-26508--,00.html)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20111113020906/http://www.radil.missouri.edu/info/dora/RABBPAGE/GI.html#IV](https://web.archive.org/web/20111113020906/http://www.radil.missouri.edu/info/dora/RABBPAGE/GI.html#IV).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Enterotoxemia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterotoxemia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterotoxemia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.