# Entemena > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Entemena > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Entemena.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entemena > Source revision: 1356625263 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Infobox royalty | name = En-teme-na
{{nobold|{{cuneiform|๐’‚—๐’‹ผ๐’ˆจ๐’ˆพ}}}} | image = Statue of Entemena, Iraq Museum.jpg | image_size = 250 | caption = Statue of Entemena, [Iraq Museum](/source/Iraq_Museum). The statue has a long inscription on the back dedicated to [Enlil](/source/Enlil).{{cite book |title=The Looting Of The Iraq Museum Baghdad The Lost Legacy Of Ancient Mesopotamia |date=2005 |page=91 |url=https://archive.org/details/TheLootingOfTheIraqMuseumBaghdadTheLostLegacyOfAncientMesopotamia/page/n103/mode/2up}}{{cite web |title=CDLI-Archival View |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P222506 |website=cdli.ucla.edu}} | spouse = | issue = [Enannatum II](/source/Enannatum_II) | reign = c. 2400 BC | father = [Enannatum I](/source/Enannatum_I) | predecessor = [Enannatum I](/source/Enannatum_I) | successor = [Enannatum II](/source/Enannatum_II){{cite book |last1=Finegan |first1=Jack |title=Archaeological History Of The Ancient Middle East |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-72638-5 |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d72ZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR43 |language=en}} | dynasty = 1st Dynasty of Lagash | succession = [King of Lagash](/source/List_of_kings_of_Lagash) }} {{Location map | Near East | width = 260px | float = right | border = | caption = Location of [Lagash](/source/Lagash) | alt = | relief = yes | AlternativeMap = | overlay_image = | label = [Lagash](/source/Lagash) | label_size = | position = | background = | mark = | marksize = | link = | lat_deg = 31.411389 | lon_deg = 46.407222 }} '''Entemena''', also called '''Enmetena''' ({{langx|sux|{{cuneiform|๐’‚—๐’‹ผ๐’ˆจ๐’ˆพ}}}}, {{Transliteration|sux|EN-TE-ME-NA}}; {{fl.|{{circa}} 2400 BC}}), was a son of [Enannatum I](/source/Enannatum_I) who re-established [Lagash](/source/Lagash) as a power in [Sumer](/source/Sumer).{{cite book | last = Bertman | first = S. | title = Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia | publisher = OUP USA | series = Facts on File Library of world history | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-19-518364-1 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1C4NKp4zgIQC&pg=PA84 | access-date = 20 September 2018 | page = 84 }} He defeated [Il](/source/Il%2C_king_of_Umma) in a territorial conflict through an alliance with [Lugal-kinishe-dudu](/source/Lugal-kinishe-dudu) of [Uruk](/source/Uruk), successor to [Enshakushanna](/source/Enshakushanna), who is in the [king list](/source/Sumerian_king_list). The [tutelary deity](/source/tutelary_deity) [Shul-utula](/source/Shul-utula) was his personal deity.{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofgo00jord|url-access=registration|title=Encyclopedia of gods : over 2,500 deities of the world|last=Jordan|first=Michael|date=1993|publisher=New York : Facts on File|others=Internet Archive|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofgo00jord/page/245 245]}} His reign lasted at least 19 years.{{cite book |last1=Sherk |first1=Robert K. |url=http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/ifa/zpe/downloads/1990/083pdf/083249.pdf |title=THE EPONYMOUS OFFICIALS OF GREEK CITIES: I |publisher= |year=1990 |isbn= |page=249 |language=en}} ==Territory== Entemena of Lagash controlled the cities of southern Mesopotamia, from [Badtibira](/source/Badtibira) to [Uruk](/source/Uruk): {{blockquote|"At that time, Entemena built and reconstructed the E-mush, his beloved temple, in Badtibira, for the god Lugalemush, (and) he set free the citizens of Uruk, Larsa, and Badtibira."|Inscriptions of Entemena.{{cite book |last1=MAEDA |first1=TOHRU |title="KING OF KISH" IN PRE-SARGONIC SUMER |date=1981 |publisher=Orient: The Reports of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan, Volume 17 |page=13 |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/orient1960/17/0/17_0_1/_pdf}}{{cite web |title=CDLI-Archival View |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P431120 |website=cdli.ucla.edu}}}} ==Alliance treaty== [[File:Entemena Ensi Lagash-ki on the Treaty Cone of Entemena.jpg|thumb|260px|"Entemena Ensi Lagash-ki" ({{cuneiform|๐’‚—๐’‹ผ๐’ˆจ๐’ˆพ๐’‘๐’‹ผ๐’‹›๐’‰ข๐’“๐’†ท๐’† }}) on the Treaty Cone of Entemena, king of Lagash, to god of Bad-Tibira, about the peace treaty between Lagash and Uruk. This text is the oldest known diplomatic document. Dated c. 2400 BC. [British Museum](/source/British_Museum).{{cite web |title=CDLI-Found Texts |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&ObjectID=P222550 |website=cdli.ucla.edu}}]] A [clay nail](/source/clay_nail) found in [Girsu](/source/Girsu) commemorates the alliance which he concluded with [Lugal-kinishe-dudu](/source/Lugal-kinishe-dudu) of [Uruk](/source/Uruk), the oldest mention of a peace treaty between two kings that we know:{{cite book |last1=Hayes |first1=William |title=Chronology |date=1950 |publisher=Cambridge Ancient History |page=51 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERg7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA51 |language=en}}[https://cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlj/2010/cdlj2010_001.html] Deena Ragavan, Cuneiform Texts and Fragments in the Harvard Art Museum / Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Cuneiform Digital Library Journal, vol. 2010:1, ISSN 1540-8779 {{blockquote|left|100px|Cone of Entemena mentioning the alliance with Lugal-kinishe-dudu 1st line:
''[D](/source/dingir)inanna-ra / [D](/source/dingir)lugal-e2-muลก3-ra / en-mete-na / ensi2 / lagaลกki-ke4 / e2-muลก3 e2 ki-ag2-ga2-ne-ne / mu-ne-du3 / KIBgunรป mu-na-du11 / en-mete-na / lu2 e2-muลก3 du3-a''
2nd line:
''[D](/source/dingir)-ra-ni / dลกul-utul12-am6 / u4-ba en-mete-na / ensi2 / lagaลกki / lugal-ki-ne2-eลก2-du7-du7 / ensi2 / unuki-bi / nam-ลกeลก e-ak'' 1st line:
"For [Inanna](/source/Inanna) / and [Lugal-emuลก](/source/Dumuzid) / [Enmetena](/source/Enmetena) / ruler / of [Lagaลก](/source/Laga%C5%A1), / the E-muลก, their beloved temple, / built / and ordered (these) clay nails for them. / Enmetena, / who built the E-muลก,"
2nd line:
"his personal god / is [ล ul-utul](/source/Shul-utula). / At that time, Enmetena, / ruler / of Lagaลก, / and Lugal-kineลก-dudu, / ruler / of Uruk, / established brotherhood." |Alliance treaty between Entemena and Lugal-kinishe-dudu.[https://cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlj/2010/cdlj2010_001.html] Deena Ragavan, Cuneiform Texts and Fragments in the Harvard Art Museum / Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Cuneiform Digital Library Journal, vol. 2010:1, ISSN 1540-8779}} File:Foundation nail Entemena Louvre AO22934.jpg|Another example of the foundation nail dedicated by Entemena, king of Lagash, to god of Bad-Tibira, about the peace treaty between Lagash and Uruk. [Louvre Museum](/source/Louvre_Museum). File:Cuneiforms for Entemena.jpg|Cuneiforms for "Entemena" on the Harvard cone ==Territorial conflict with King Il of Umma== thumb|{{center|"Entemena, Governor of Lagash"
{{cuneiform|๐’‚—๐’‹ผ๐’ˆจ๐’ˆพ๐’‘๐’‹ผ๐’‹›๐’‰ข๐’“๐’†ท๐’† }}
''Entemena ensi Lagash-ki''}} Entemena entered in a territorial conflict with [Il, king of Umma](/source/Il%2C_king_of_Umma), as mentioned in the "war inscription" on his cone in the [Louvre Museum](/source/Louvre_Museum):{{cite book |last1=Sallaberger |first1=Walther |last2=Schrakamp |first2=Ingo |title=History & Philology |date=2015 |publisher=Walther Sallaberger & Ingo Schrakamp (eds), Brepols |isbn=978-2-503-53494-7 |pages=77โ€“78 |url=https://www.assyriologie.uni-muenchen.de/personen/professoren/sallaberger/publ_sallaberger/wasa_schrakamp_2015_arcane1.pdf}} {{blockquote|"He ([Il, Governor of Umma](/source/Il%2C_king_of_Umma)) diverted water from the boundary-channel of Ningirsu and the boundary-channel of Nanshe (...). When because of those channels, Enmetena, the governor of Lagash, sent envoys to Il, Il, the governor of Umma, who steals fields (and) speaks evil, declared: โ€˜The boundary-channel of Ningirsu (and) the boundary-channel of Nanshe are mine! I will shift the boundary-[levee](/source/levee) from Antasura to Edimgalabzu!โ€™ But [Enlil](/source/Enlil) (and) [Ninhursang](/source/Ninhursag) did not give it to him."}} Il was defeated by Entemena, who had sought the aid of [Lugal-kinishe-dudu](/source/Lugal-kinishe-dudu) of [Uruk](/source/Uruk), successor to [Enshakushanna](/source/Enshakushanna), who is in the [king list](/source/Sumerian_king_list). ==War inscription by Entemena of Lagaลก== ===Foundation cone of Entemena=== A foundation [cone](/source/clay_nail) of Entemena, in excellent condition relates the beginning of a war between the city-states of Lagaลก and Umma during the Early Dynastic III period, one of the earliest border conflicts recorded. (RIME 1.09.05.01).{{Cite web|url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&ObjectID=P222532|title=CDLI-Found Texts|website=cdli.ucla.edu|access-date=2018-03-12}} This text was inscribed on a small clay cone c. 2400 BC (Louvre Museum, reference AO 3004). The first row of cuneiform characters reads: {{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=250|caption_align=center | align = right | direction =vertical | header=Cone of Entemena | image1 = Sumerian Cuneiform Stone Cone. Cone of Enmetena, king of Lagash.jpg | caption1 = Cone of [Enmetena](/source/Enmetena), king of Lagash, Room 236 Reference AO 3004, Louvre Museum (upside down).{{cite web |title=Cone of Enmetena, king of Lagash |url=https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/cone-enmetena-king-lagash |date=2020 |access-date=2020-02-27 |archive-date=2020-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227120207/https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/cone-enmetena-king-lagash |url-status=dead }} | image2 = Cone of Entemena.jpg | caption2 = Transcription of the cone of Entemena. | footer= }} {| |'''I.1โ€“7''' |{{Script/Cuneiform|sum|๐’€ญ๐’‚—๐’†ค ๐’ˆ— ๐’†ณ๐’†ณ๐’Š ๐’€Š๐’€ ๐’€ญ๐’€ญ๐’Œท๐’‰ˆ๐’†ค ๐’…— ๐’„€๐’ˆพ๐’‰Œ๐’‹ซ ๐’€ญ๐’Šฉ๐’Œ†๐’„ˆ๐’‹ข ๐’€ญ๐’‡‹๐’‰ ๐’†  ๐’‚Š๐’‰ˆ๐’‹ฉ}} |- | |den-lil2 lugal kur-kur-ra ab-ba digฬƒir-digฬƒir-re2-ne-ke4 inim gi-na-ni-ta dnin-gฬƒir2-su dลกara2-bi ki e-ne-sur |- | |"[Enlil](/source/Enlil), king of all the lands, father of all the gods, by his firm command, fixed the border between [Ningirsu](/source/Ningirsu) and [ล ara](/source/Shara_(god))." |- |'''8โ€“12''' |{{Script/Cuneiform|sum|๐’ˆจ๐’ฒ ๐’ˆ—๐’†ง๐’† ๐’†ค ๐’…— ๐’€ญ๐’…—๐’ฒ๐’ˆพ๐’‹ซ ๐’‚  ๐’ƒท ๐’‰๐’Š ๐’† ๐’€ ๐’ˆพ ๐’‰ˆ๐’†•}} |- | |me-silim lugal kiลกki-ke4 inim diลกtaran-na-ta eลก2 gana2 be2-ra ki-ba na bi2-ru2 |- | |"[Mesilim](/source/Mesilim), king of [Kiลก](/source/Kish_(Sumer)), at the command of [Iลกtaran](/source/Ishtaran), measured the field and set up a stele there." |- |'''13โ€“17''' |{{Script/Cuneiform|sum|๐’‘ ๐’‰บ๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’„‘๐’†ต๐’† ๐’†ค ๐’‰† ๐’…—๐’ˆ  ๐’‹›๐’€€๐’‹›๐’€€๐’‚  ๐’‚Š๐’€}} |- | |uลก ensi2 ummaki-ke4 nam inim-ma diri-diri-ลกe3 e-ak |- | |"[Ush](/source/Ush%2C_king_of_Umma), ruler of [Umma](/source/Umma), acted unspeakably." |- |'''18โ€“21''' |{{Script/Cuneiform|sum|๐’ˆพ๐’†•๐’€€๐’‰ ๐’‰Œ๐’‰ป ๐’‚” ๐’‰ข๐’“๐’†ท๐’† ๐’‚  ๐’‰Œ๐’บ}} |- | |na-ru2-a-bi i3-pad edin lagaลกki-ลกe3 i3-gฬƒen |- | |"He ripped out that stele and marched toward the plain of [Lagaลก](/source/Lagash)." |- |'''22โ€“27''' |{{Script/Cuneiform|sum|๐’€ญ๐’Šฉ๐’Œ†๐’„ˆ๐’‹ข ๐’Œจ๐’Š• ๐’€ญ๐’‚—๐’†ค๐’‡ฒ๐’†ค ๐’…— ๐’‹›๐’ฒ๐’‰Œ๐’‹ซ ๐’„‘๐’†ต๐’† ๐’• ๐’ฎ๐’„ฉ๐’Š ๐’‚Š๐’•๐’€}} |- | |dnin-gฬƒir2-su ur-sag den-lil2-la2-ke4 inim si-sa2-ni-ta ummaki-da dam-แธซa-ra e-da-ak |- | |"Ningirsu, warrior of Enlil, at his just command, made war with Umma." |- |'''28โ€“31''' |{{Script/Cuneiform|sum|๐’…— ๐’€ญ๐’‚—๐’†ค๐’‡ฒ๐’‹ซ ๐’Š“ ๐’Œ‹ ๐’ƒฒ ๐’‰ˆ๐’Œ‹ ๐’…–๐’‡ฏ๐’‹บ๐’‰ ๐’‚”๐’ˆพ๐’†  ๐’€๐’‰Œ๐’‘๐’‘}} |- | |inim den-lil2-la2-ta sa ลกu4 gal bi2-ลกu4 SAแธชAR.DU6.TAKA4-bi eden-na ki ba-ni-us2-us2 |- | |"At Enlil's command, he threw his great battle net over it and heaped up burial mounds for it on the plain." |- |'''32โ€“38''' |{{Script/Cuneiform|sum|๐’‚๐’€ญ๐’ˆพ๐’บ ๐’‰บ๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’‰ข๐’“๐’†ท๐’†  ๐’‰บ๐’„‘๐’‰‹๐’‚ต ๐’‚—๐’‹ผ๐’ˆจ๐’ˆพ ๐’‰บ๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’‰ข๐’“๐’†ท๐’† ๐’…—๐’†ค}} |- | |e2-an-na-tum2 ensi2 lagaลกki pa-bil3-ga en-mete-na ensi2 lagaลกki-ka-ke4 |- | |"[Eannatum](/source/Eannatum), ruler of Lagash, uncle of Entemena, ruler of Lagaลก" |- |'''39โ€“42''' |{{Script/Cuneiform|sum|๐’‚—๐’€‰๐’†—๐’‡ท ๐’‰บ๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’„‘๐’†ต๐’† ๐’• ๐’†  ๐’‚Š๐’•๐’‹ฉ}} |- | |en-a2-kal-le ensi2 ummaki-da ki e-da-sur |- | |"fixed the border with [Enakalle](/source/Enakalle), ruler of Umma" |} ===Net cylinder of Entemena=== thumb|300px|"Net cylinder" of Entemena, the second known cylinder describing the border conflict between Lagash and Umma. The textual content is identical to the cone cylinder.{{cite web |title=CDLI-Archival View |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P222533 |website=cdli.ucla.edu}} The "Net cylinder" of Entemena is a cylinder of a peculiar design, with a net pattern on the bottom, which is the second known cylinder describing the border conflict between Lagash and Umma. The content is identical to the cone cylinder. It is located in the [Yale Babylonian Collection](/source/Yale_Babylonian_Collection).{{cite journal |last1=Nies |first1=James B. |title=A Net Cylinder of Entemena |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |date=1916 |volume=36 |pages=137โ€“139 |doi=10.2307/592673 |jstor=592673 |issn=0003-0279}}"the "Net Cylinder" of Entemena (Yale Babylonian Collection), the oldest peace treaty known, among the sanctions against the possible violator of the treaty is the threat that the god Ningirsu will cast his great net over the culprit".
{{cite book |last1=Pope |first1=Marvin H. |author-link=Marvin H. Pope |title=Job |series=The [Anchor Bible Series](/source/Anchor_Bible_Series) 15 |date=1965 |page=131 }} File:Entemena Net Cylinder Transcription.jpg|Full text of the War inscription by Entemena, in the Net Cylinder File:Mesilim Lugal Kish-ki on the Net Vase of Entemena.jpg|''Mesilim Lugal Kish-ki'' ({{cuneiform|๐’ˆจ๐’ฒ ๐’ˆ— ๐’†ง๐’† }}), "[Mesilim](/source/Mesilim), King of [Kish](/source/Kish_(Sumer))", on the ["Net Cylinder"](/source/%3AFile%3ANet_cylinder_of_Entemena.jpg) of Entemena ==Statue of Entemena== [[File:Statue_of_Entemena,_Iraq_Museum.jpg|thumb|The statue of Entemena back in the [National Museum of Iraq](/source/National_Museum_of_Iraq), following its rescue]] Entemena has one of the earliest statues of a known king from [Mesopotamia](/source/Mesopotamia). It is made of [diorite](/source/diorite), and is 76 centimeters tall.{{cite book |last1=Polk |first1=Milbry |last2=Schuster |first2=Angela M. H. |title=The looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad: the lost legacy of ancient Mesopotamia |date=2005 |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |isbn=978-0-8109-5872-2 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6HtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA91 |language=en}} Entemena, although ruler of the city-state of Lagash, wears the typical dress of a devotee: a ''[kaunakes](/source/kaunakes)'' fleeced skirt with a tassel in the back. He is clasping his hands at the chest, in a typical pose of perpetual attendance before the deity. The statue of Entemena reflects a style of which a few other examples are known from Mesopotamia, such as the statue of [Ikun-Shamash](/source/Ikun-Shamash) from [Mari](/source/Mari%2C_Syria), the [statue of Enzi](/source/%3AFile%3ABM_22470_Statue_dedicated_to_the_goddess_Nin-shubur_of_the_city_of_Der_by_Enzi_and_his_son_Amar-kiku.jpg) from [Der](/source/Der_(Sumer)), or the statue of [Lugal-dalu](/source/Lugal-dalu), which still has its head intact. The statue of Entemena has a very long cuneiform inscription on the side (right arm) and on the back.{{cite web |title=CDLI-Archival View |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P222506 |website=cdli.ucla.edu}} It includes the names and titles of Entemena, and the mention "[Enlil](/source/Enlil) (the supreme Sumerian god) loves Entemena". The statue was housed in the [National Museum of Iraq](/source/National_Museum_of_Iraq). In May 2003 the statue was stolen during the [2003 invasion of Iraq](/source/2003_invasion_of_Iraq). It was found in [New York](/source/New_York_City) and returned in 2010.{{cite news| title = Kept safe in US, Iraqi royal statue heads home| url = http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2010/09/07/kept_safe_in_us_iraqi_royal_statue_heads_home/| work = [Boston Globe](/source/Boston_Globe)| date= September 7, 2010| access-date = 2010-09-11}} File:Detail, statue of Entemena, ruler of Lagash, c. 2400 BCE, from Ur, Iraq, at the Iraq Museum.jpg|Detail showing the cuneiform inscription on the right upper arm of the statue of Entemena File:Detail, statue of Entemena, ruler of Lagash, c. 2400 BCE, from Ur, Iraq. Iraq Museum.jpg|Detail showing the cuneiform inscription on the back of the upper torso of the statue of Entemena File:Entemena ensi of Lagash on the statue of Entemena (right shoulder).jpg|"Entemena ''[ensi](/source/Ensi_(Sumerian))'' of Lagash" ({{cuneiform|๐’‚—๐’‹ผ๐’ˆจ๐’ˆพ ๐’‘๐’‹ผ๐’‹› ๐’‰ข๐’“๐’†ท๐’† }}) on the right shoulder of the statue of Entemena {{clear}} ==Silver vase of Entemena== [[File:Vase Entemena Louvre AO2674.jpg|thumb|Silver vase, with decorated panels, inscribed with cuneiform around rim. [Louvre Museum](/source/Louvre_Museum).Translation in: {{cite book |last1=Kramer |first1=Samuel Noah |title=The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character |date=1971 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-45238-8 |page=316 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuxIdug8DBUC&pg=PA316 |language=en}}]] A [tripod of silver](/source/Vase_of_Entemena) dedicated by Entemena to his god is now in the [Louvre](/source/Louvre). A frieze of lions devouring ibexes and deer, incised with great artistic skill, runs round the neck, while the eagle crest of Lagash adorns the globular part. The vase is a proof of the high degree of excellence to which the goldsmith's art had already attained. A vase of calcite, also dedicated by Entemena, has been found at [Nippur](/source/Nippur). The inscription of the neck of the silver vase reads: {{blockquote|"For [Ningirsu](/source/Ningirsu), the foremost warrior of [Enlil](/source/Enlil). Entemena, the [ensi](/source/ensi_(Sumerian)) of [Lagash](/source/Lagash), whom [Nanshe](/source/Nanshe) had chosen in her heart, the great ensi of Ningirsu, the son of [Enannatum](/source/Enannatum), the ensi of Lagash, made for Ningirsu, the king who loved him, a vase of pure silver and stone (?), out of which Ningirsu drinks, and brought it to the Ningirsu of the Eninnu, for his life. At that time, Dudu was the ''sanga'' of [Ningirsu](/source/Ningirsu)."}} File:Vase Entemena Louvre AO2674 (script) circa 2400 BCE.jpg|[Cuneiform](/source/Cuneiform) dedication on the vase of Entemena.Translation in: {{cite book|last1=Kramer|first1=Samuel Noah|title=The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character|date=1971|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-45238-8|page=316|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuxIdug8DBUC&pg=PA316|language=en}} File:Entemena vase inscription.jpg|Entemena vase inscription.{{cite book|title=Monuments et mรฉmoires publiรฉs par l'Acadรฉmie des inscriptions et belles-lettres|date=1894|publisher=Paris : E. Leroux|pages=26โ€“27|url=https://archive.org/details/monumentsetmemoi2189acad/page/26/mode/2up}} File:Entemena vase motif.jpg|Entemena vase motif, with the eagle of Lagash. ==Foundation tablets== [[File:20131205 Istanbul 045.jpg|thumb|A votive tablet of Entemena, made of [alabaster](/source/alabaster), with its foundation nail. [Museum of the Ancient Orient](/source/Museum_of_the_Ancient_Orient), [Istanbul](/source/Istanbul).]] Several votive tablets in the name of Entemena are known. They usually records Entemena's name, title and filiation, and his accomplishment in establishing temples or devotional images. The tablets are often associated with a "foundation nail", called ''temen'' ("foundation") in Sumerian, which was inserted into the ground under the foundation of temples, together with the inscribed tablets and offerings such as jewelry or small statuettes of protective divinities.{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Ariane |last2=Potts |first2=Timothy |title=Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins |date=2020 |publisher=Getty Publications |isbn=978-1-60606-649-2 |page=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VsHEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52 |language=en}} A proclamation on one of the foundation stones of Enmetena says that he "instituted liberty in Lagash. He restored the child to its mother, and the mother to her child; he cancelled interest." This is the first known mention of the word [ama-gi](/source/ama-gi), translated here as ''liberty''.{{cite book |last1=Hudson |first1=Michael |title=The lost tradition of biblical debt cancellations |date=1993 |publisher=Henry George School of Social Science |location=New York |page=15 |url=https://modernmoneynetwork.org/sites/default/files/biblio/hudsonlosttradition.pdf |access-date=16 July 2023 |archive-date=16 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716122859/https://modernmoneynetwork.org/sites/default/files/biblio/hudsonlosttradition.pdf |url-status=dead }} File:Tablet of Entemena.jpg|An inscription of Entemena to [Ningirsu](/source/Ningirsu): "... Entemena, ensi of Lagash, son of [Enannatum](/source/Enannatum), ensi of Lagash, grandson of [Ur-Nanshe](/source/Ur-Nanshe), king of Lagash ...".{{cite journal|last1=de Sarzec|first1=E.|title=Deux Tablettes Archaรฏques de Tello|journal=Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archรฉologie orientale|date=1892|volume=2|issue=4|pages=146โ€“149|jstor=23284262|issn=0373-6032}} File:Votive tablet of Entemena.jpg|Votive tablet of Entemena to [Ningirsu](/source/Ningirsu): "... Entemena, ensi of Lagash, son of [Enannatum](/source/Enannatum), ensi of Lagash, grandson of [Ur-Nanshe](/source/Ur-Nanshe), king of Lagash ...". File:Inscribed stone tablet of Entemena, 2400 BCE. From Lagash, Iraq. Pergamon Museum.jpg|Inscribed stone tablet of Entemena. [Pergamon Museum](/source/Pergamon_Museum). ==Perforated plate of Dudu== [[File:Louvre Relief Dudu AO2394 (central hole corrected).jpg|thumb|Votive plaque of Dudu, Priest of [Ningirsu](/source/Ningirsu), during the reign of Entemena, Patesi of [Shirpurla](/source/Shirpurla). [Louvre Museum](/source/Louvre_Museum).]] Another artifact related to Entemena is a votive plaque bearing the name of Dudu, priest of Lagash for [Ningirsu](/source/Ningirsu) in Entemena's time.{{cite web |title=Perforated plaque of Dudu |url=https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/perforated-plaque-dudu |website=Louvre Museum |access-date=2020-04-29 |archive-date=2023-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208070059/https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/perforated-plaque-dudu |url-status=dead }} Dudu is known as priest of Lagash under Entemena from the last line of the inscription on [the silver vase of Entemena](/source/%3AFile%3AVase_Entemena_Louvre_AO2674.jpg).{{cite book |last1=Kramer |first1=Samuel Noah |title=The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character |date=1971 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-45238-8 |page=316 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuxIdug8DBUC&pg=PA316 |language=en}} The plate was made out of [bitumen](/source/bitumen), a rather distinctive feature, as most such plaques were made of [limestone](/source/limestone) or [gypsum](/source/gypsum). The plaque depicts various scenes: a standing man in a [kaunakes](/source/kaunakes) holding a walking stick, a resting cow, and the symbol of Lagash: an eagle ([Anzรป](/source/Anz%C3%BB)) holding two lions, although the lions are uncharacteristically biting back at the wings of the eagle. A symbolic wave pattern at the bottom of the plate is thought to symbolize the flow of water. It is inscribed with the following text: "For Ningirsu of the Eninnu, Dudu, priest of Ningirsu ... brought [this material] and fashioned it as a mace stand." The exact function of the plaque is unknown: it has been interpreted as a mace-holder, a plaque to be nailed into the wall of a temple, or a door panel. File:Eagle of Lagash.jpg|The eagle, symbol of Lagash, at the time of Entemena File:Dudu relief resting cow.jpg|The resting cow == Other artifacts == Door sockets in the name of Entemena, or the plaque of the priest Dudu, associated with Entemena in another inscription, are among the other famous artifacts related to Entemena. {{Portal|Asia}} File:Detail, door-hinge, inscribed with the name of Entemena of Lagash, c. 2400 BCE, from Iraq. Pergamon Museum.jpg|Detail of a door-socket, inscribed with the name of Entemena. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Germany. File:Hinge bearing Entemena Louvre MNB1418.jpg|''Tael'' (door socket) of Entemena, with cuneiform inscription. Louvre Museum File:Entemena Ensi Lagashki.jpg|''Entemena Ensi Lagashki'', "Entemena, [Ensi](/source/Ensi_(Sumerian)) of Lagash" File:Sumerian goddess Nisaba, the name of Entemena is inscribed, c. 2430 BC, from Southern Mesopotamia, Iraq.jpg|Sumerian goddess Nisaba, the name of Entemena is inscribed, c. 2430 BC, from Iraq. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Germany File:An Inscribed stand's head mentioning the name of Entemena, ruler of Lagash, early dynastic period, c. 2400 BCE. Sulaymaniyah Museum.jpg|An Inscribed stand's head mentioning the name of Entemena, ruler of Lagash, c. 2400 BCE. Sulaymaniyah Museum, Iraq == References == {{Commons category}} {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{s-reg}} {{Succession box | before = [Enannatum](/source/Enannatum) | title = King of Lagash | years = c. 2400 BC | after = [Enannatum II](/source/Enannatum_II) }} {{s-end}} {{Iraq Museum}} Category:Kings of Lagash Category:25th-century BC Sumerian kings Category:24th-century BC Sumerian kings Category:3rd-millennium BC births Category:3rd-millennium BC deaths --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Entemena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entemena) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entemena?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.