# Engaged column > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Engaged_column > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Engaged_column.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engaged_column > Source revision: 1356419716 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Column partly projecting from the surface of a wall}} [[File:The Maison Carrée, 1st century BCE Corinthian temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa, Nemausus (Nîmes, France) (14562056828).jpg|thumb|Engaged columns embedded in a side wall of the [cella](/source/cella) of the [Maison Carrée](/source/Maison_Carr%C3%A9e), [Nîmes](/source/N%C3%AEmes), France, unknown architect, 2nd century]] An '''engaged column''' is an [architectural element](/source/architectural_element) in which a [column](/source/column) is embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, which may or may not carry a partial structural load. Sometimes defined as semi- or three-quarter detached,{{EB1911 |inline=y |wstitle=Engaged Column |volume=9 |pages=404–405}} engaged columns are rarely found in [classical Greek architecture](/source/Architecture_of_Ancient_Greece), and then only in exceptional cases, but in [Roman architecture](/source/Roman_architecture) they exist in abundance, most commonly embedded in the [cella](/source/cella) walls of [pseudoperipteral](/source/pseudoperipteral) [Roman temple](/source/Roman_temple)s and other buildings. In the temples, it is attached to the cella walls, repeating the columns of the [peristyle](/source/peristyle), and in the theatres and amphitheatres, where they subdivided the arched openings: in all these cases engaged columns are utilized as a decorative feature, and as a rule the same proportions are maintained as if they had been isolated columns. In [Romanesque](/source/Romanesque_architecture) work, the classic proportions were no longer adhered to; the engaged column, attached to the [piers](/source/Pier_(architecture)), has always a special function to perform, either to support subsidiary arches, or, raised to the vault, to carry its transverse or diagonal [ribs](/source/rib_vault). The same constructional object is followed in the earlier [Gothic styles](/source/Gothic_architecture), in which they become merged into the mouldings. Being virtually always ready made, so far as their design is concerned, they were much affected by the Italian revivalists. ==Gallery== 26660- papyrus-shaped capitals at Saqqara.jpg|[Ancient Egyptian](/source/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture) engaged columns of the House of the North, detail of papyrus-shaped capitals, in the [Heb-sed court](/source/Heb-sed_court) of [Djoser](/source/Djoser)'s Funerary Complex, [Saqqara](/source/Saqqara), [Egypt](/source/Egypt), unknown architect, 2667–2648 BC{{cite book|last1=Robertson|first1=Hutton|title=The History of Art - From Prehistory to Presentday - A Global View|date=2022|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-02236-8|page=90|url=|language=en}} File:Step Pyramid complex of Djoser at Saqqara, ca. 2700 BCE (19).jpg|Ancient Egyptian engaged columns in the Heb-sed court of Djoser's Funerary Complex, unknown architect, 2667–2648 BC Érechthéion - Athènes (GRA1) - 2022-03-26 - 32.jpg|Ancient Greek engaged columns on the west façade of the [Erechtheion](/source/Erechtheion), unknown architect, 421–406 BC 4-12 Bulevardul Regina Elisabeta, Bucharest (02).jpg| Engaged columns on the [Beaux Arts](/source/Beaux_Arts_architecture) facade of the University of Bucharest on Strada Edgar Quinet, [Bucharest](/source/Bucharest), [Romania](/source/Romania), by [Nicolae Ghika-Budești](/source/Nicolae_Ghika-Bude%C8%99ti), in collaboration with [Duiliu Marcu](/source/Duiliu_Marcu), 1914–1934{{cite book|last1=Mariana Celac, Octavian Carabela and Marius Marcu-Lapadat|first1=|title=Bucharest Architecture - an annotated guide|date=2017|publisher=Ordinul Arhitecților din România|isbn=978-973-0-23884-6|page=37|url=|language=en}} 56 Bulevardul Dacia, Bucharest (01).jpg|[Romanian Revival](/source/Romanian_Revival_architecture) engaged columns on the C.N. Câmpeanu House on Bulevardul Dacia, Bucharest, by [Constantin Nănescu](/source/Constantin_N%C4%83nescu), {{circa}}1923{{cite book|last1=Woinaroski|first1=Cristina|title=Istorie urbană, Lotizarea și Parcul Ioanid din București în context european|date=2013|publisher=SIMETRIA|isbn=978-973-1872-30-8|page=|url=|language=ro}} 1A Piața Revoluției, Bucharest (02).jpg|Engaged [Corinthian](/source/Corinthian_order) columns on the Ministry of Internal Affairs Building, Bucharest, by [Emil Nădejde](/source/Emil_N%C4%83dejde), 1938–1941{{cite book|last1=Mariana Celac, Octavian Carabela and Marius Marcu-Lapadat|first1=|title=Bucharest Architecture - an annotated guide|date=2017|publisher=Ordinul Arhitecților din România|isbn=978-973-0-23884-6|page=62|url=|language=en}} 89 Bulevardul Eroii Sanitari, Bucharest (03).jpg|[Mediterranean Revival](/source/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture) engaged columns of the Prof. C.A. Teodorescu House on Bulevardul Eroii Sanitari, Bucharest, Ion Giurgea, 1941{{cite book|last1=Ghigeanu|first1=Mădălin|title=Curentul Mediteraneean în arhitectura interbelică|date=2022|publisher=Vremea|isbn=978-606-081-135-0|page=360|url=|language=}} ==See also== * [Hexastyle](/source/Hexastyle) * [Hypostyle](/source/Hypostyle) * [Octastyle](/source/Octastyle) * [Peristyle](/source/Peristyle) * [Pilaster](/source/Pilaster) * [Portico](/source/Portico) * [Tetrastyle](/source/Tetrastyle) ==References== {{Reflist}} * Stierlin, Henri ''The Roman Empire: From the Etruscans to the Decline of the Roman Empire'', [TASCHEN](/source/Taschen), 2002 {{classical orders}} {{commons category|Engaged columns}} Category:Columns and entablature {{architecturalelement-stub}} --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Engaged column](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engaged_column) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engaged_column?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.