# Enfidha

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Enfidha.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfidha
> Source revision: 1319226638
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
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|official_name          = Enfidha
|other_name             = Dar-el-Bey
|native_name            = {{lang|ar|دار البي}} <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname               = Henchir Chigarnia
|settlement_type        = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
|motto                  =
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|pushpin_map_caption    =Location in Tunisia
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|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       = 25px [Tunisia](/source/Tunisia)
|subdivision_type1      = [Governorate](/source/Governorates_of_Tunisia)
|subdivision_name1      = [Sousse Governorate](/source/Sousse_Governorate)
|subdivision_type2      = [Delegation(s)](/source/Delegations_of_Tunisia)
|subdivision_name2      = Enfidha
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|leader_title1          = [Mayor](/source/Mayor)
|leader_name1           = [Abdellatif Hamouda](/source/Abdellatif_Hamouda) <small> ([Independent](/source/Independent_politician)) </small>
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|population_total               =11138
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|coordinates            = {{coord|36|8|7|N|10|22|51|E|region:TN|display=inline}}
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}}

'''Enfidha''' (or '''Dar-el-Bey''', {{langx|ar|دار البي}} ''{{audio|help=no|Enfidha.wav|Enfīđa / Dar el bāy}}'') is a town in north-eastern [Tunisia](/source/Tunisia) with a population of approximately 10,000. It is visited by tourists on their way to [Takrouna](/source/Takrouna). It lies on the [railway](/source/railway) between [Tunis](/source/Tunis) and [Sousse](/source/Sousse), approximately 45&nbsp;km northeast of Sousse and a few kilometres inland from the [Gulf of Hammamet](/source/Gulf_of_Hammamet). The nearby [Enfidha – Hammamet International Airport](/source/Enfidha_%E2%80%93_Hammamet_International_Airport) opened in 2009, serving charter flights from several [Europe](/source/Europe)an countries.

== History ==
=== Ancient history ===
Nearby [Henchir Chigarnia](/source/Henchir_Chigarnia) is an [Archaeological](/source/Archaeology) site and former [civitas](/source/civitas) of the [Roman Province](/source/Roman_Province) of [Africa Proconularis](/source/Roman_North_Africa).

About 8&nbsp;km north of Enfidaville is another [Roman](/source/Roman_Empire) site [Henchir Fraga](/source/Henchir_Fraga), which is the ancient town of [Uppenna](/source/Uppenna), where [ruins](/source/ruins) include a large [fortress](/source/castra) and of a [church](/source/church_building) in which were found [mosaic](/source/mosaic)s with [epitaph](/source/epitaph)s of various [bishop](/source/bishop)s and [martyr](/source/martyr)s.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} The [bishopric](/source/bishopric) of [Uppenna](/source/Diocese_of_Uppenna) has been brought into use as a [Roman Catholic](/source/Roman_Catholic) [titular see](/source/titular_see) since 1967.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

=== Early Modern History ===
The Enfida estate was granted by the ''bey'' [Mahommed-es-Sadok](/source/Mahommed-es-Sadok) to his chief minister, [Khaireddin Pasha](/source/Khaireddin_Pasha), in return for the confirmation by the ''[sultan](/source/sultan)'' of [Turkey](/source/Turkey) in 1871, through the instrumentality of the ''[pasha](/source/pasha)'', of the right of succession to the ''[bey](/source/bey)lik'' of members of Es-Sadok's family.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

=== French Colonial Era ===
When Khaireddin left [Tunisia](/source/Tunisia) for [Constantinople](/source/Constantinople) some years later, he sold the estate to a [Marseille](/source/Marseille) company which named it '''Enfidaville'''. The attempt by the Tunisian authorities to block the sale of the estate to a [French](/source/France) buyer is regarded as a contributory factor in the decision of the French government to bring Tunisia under colonial rule. The estate was later sold on to the Société Franco-Africaine. Enfidaville became the chief settlement on the Enfida estate, a property of over 300,000 acres (1,200&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) in the [Sahel](/source/Sahel) district of Tunisia, forming a rectangle between the towns of [Hammamet](/source/Hammamet%2C_Tunisia), [Sousse](/source/Sousse), [Kairouan](/source/Kairouan) and [Zaghouan](/source/Zaghouan). On this estate, devoted to the cultivation of [cereal](/source/cereal)s, [olive](/source/olive)s, [vine](/source/Vineyard)s and to pasturage, were colonies of Europeans and natives. At Enfidaville, which was, as its native name indicates, a palace of the ''[bey](/source/bey)s'' of Tunis, came a large [horse](/source/horse)-breeding establishment and a much-frequented weekly market.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

=== World War II ===
Enfidaville was the site of the last battle in the [North African Campaign](/source/North_African_Campaign) of [World War II](/source/World_War_II), and was the site of an Allied [Airfield](/source/Enfidaville_Airfield).

In April 1943 during [Operation Strike](/source/Operation_Strike), the [American Corps II](/source/II_Corps_(United_States)) cornered the [Axis powers](/source/Axis_powers) force against the Tunisian Coast.  The British [Eighth Army](/source/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)) attacked Enfidaville on 19 April captured the village, but met strong resistance.
Attacks further north saw the fall of [Tunis](/source/Tunis) on 7 May, to the [British First Army](/source/First_Army_(United_Kingdom)) and [Bizerta](/source/Bizerta) on 8 May to the Americans. 
Resuming the assault on Enfidaville on 11–13 May, the city saw the defeat of Axis forces but with significant casualties. 1,551 Allied casualties were buried in the Enfidaville War Cemetery,<ref>{{cite web|title=Enfidaville War Cemetery|url=https://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/2008800/enfidaville-war-cemetery/|website=www.cwgc.org|publisher=[Commonwealth War Graves Commission](/source/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission)|access-date=4 February 2018|language=en}}</ref> including Wing Commander [Ian Gleed](/source/Ian_Gleed) DSO DFC, an English RAF pilot and [flying ace](/source/flying_ace), who was shot down over [Cap Bon](/source/Cap_Bon).<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Britain London Monument - F/Lt. I R Gleed|url=http://www.bbm.org.uk/airmen/Gleed.htm|website=www.bbm.org.uk|access-date=4 February 2018}}</ref>

==Notable people==
*[Sufyan Rajab](/source/Sufyan_Rajab) (born 1979) - poet and writer

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

*{{EB1911 |wstitle=Enfidaville |volume=9 |page=403}}
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d2u11.html Catholic Hierarchy]

== External links ==
* {{Commons-inline}}

{{Sousse Governorate}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Populated coastal places in Tunisia
Category:Populated places in Sousse Governorate
Category:Communes of Tunisia
Category:Roman towns and cities in Tunisia
Category:Archaeological sites in Tunisia
Category:Roman towns and cities in Africa (Roman province)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Enfidha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfidha) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfidha?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.