# Energy in Monaco

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**Energy in Monaco** describes [energy](/source/Energy_industry) production, consumption and importation in the [Principality of Monaco](/source/Monaco).

Monaco has no domestic sources of fossil fuels and relies entirely on imports of electricity, gas and fuels from [France](/source/France). Monaco's sole national power company is *[Société Monégasque de l'Electricité et du Gaz](/source/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Mon%C3%A9gasque_de_l'Electricit%C3%A9_et_du_Gaz)* (SMEG, Monegasque Electricity and Gas Company), which operates the country's electric and gas grid and provides related services. SMEG is 60% owned by [Engie](/source/Engie), 20% by the State of Monaco, 15% by [EDF](/source/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France), and the rest by private investors.[1] Although the country imports its gas and electricity from France, it operates a [waste-to-energy](/source/Waste-to-energy_plant) district heating and seawater pumping plant in [Fontvieille](/source/Fontvieille%2C_Monaco) called *seaWergie* which provides heating and cooling to homes and businesses in the quartier.[2]

Due to this importation and small size, key statistics do not list Monaco as separate country in carbon dioxide emissions. Instead the principality include its [emissions in France's statistics](/source/List_of_countries_by_greenhouse_gas_emissions). In 2018, the country used around 536,000 MWh of electricity, of which a majority of it was used tertiary services.[3]

## History

The first and later sole electric plant was a [gas-fired power plant](/source/Gas-fired_power_plant) built by the casino operator [SBM](/source/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_bains_de_mer_de_Monaco) at base of Fort Antoine in [Monaco-Ville](/source/Monaco_City). It was later decommissioned in 1952 in agreement with France, over the nationalisation of the local [Niçoise](/source/Nice) gas company EELV to create [Gaz de France](/source/Gaz_de_France).[4]

## Kyoto Protocol

In December 2007 Monaco had underlined but not ratified the [Kyoto Protocol](/source/Kyoto_Protocol).[5] In 2008 Monaco was - 4% from its Kyoto Protocol emission targets.[6]

According to the National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990–2006 UNFCCC 17 November 2008 page 16 the emissions change from 1990 to 2006 in Monaco was -13.1% as following (Gg CO2 equivalent):

- 1990: 108

- 1995: 115

- 2000: 120

- 2005: 104

- 2006: 94

## Monaco Declaration

On 30 January 2009 ocean scientists expressed their concern in Monaco about [global warming](/source/Global_warming) and its consequences for the oceans. 150 leading scientists appealed to decision makers in "the Monaco Declaration" to restrict CO2 emissions. Today's emissions could have dramatic consequences in the stocks of fish in a few decades, which would influence significantly both ocean biodiversity and also global food supply.[7]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Shareholding"](https://www.smeg.mc/en/who-are-we/who-are-we-section/l-actionnariat/l-actionnariat). *SMEG*. Retrieved 2020-06-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["seaWergie, District heating and Cooling networks in Monaco"](https://www.smeg.mc/en/who-are-we/nos-activites/chaud-froid-urbains/chaud-froid-urbains). *SMEG*. Retrieved 2020-06-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Distribution de l'Electricité"](https://www.smeg.mc/fr/qui-sommes-nous/nos-activites/distribution-de-l-electricite/distribution-de-l-electricite) [Electricity Supply]. *SMEG* (in French). Retrieved 2020-06-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Our history - The post-war period"](https://www.smeg.mc/en/who-are-we/notre-histoire/apres-guerre/apres-guerre). *SMEG*. Retrieved 2020-06-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Australia ratifioi Kioton sopimuksen](http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/ulkomaat/oikea/id76504.html) 3.12.2007 YLE (in Finnish)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Suomen kasvihuonekaasupäästöt 1990–2008, 3. korjattu painos Statistics Finland Katsauksia 2010/1, Ympäristö ja luonnonvarat [http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/kasvihuonekaasut](http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/kasvihuonekaasut) page 47(in Finnish)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Tutkijoiden hätähuuto: Ilmastonmuutos happamoittaa meret](http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/luonto_ja_ymparisto/2009/01/tutkijoiden_hatahuuto_ilmastonmuutos_happamoittaa_meret_516308.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090415160601/http://yle.fi/uutiset/luonto_ja_ymparisto/2009/01/tutkijoiden_hatahuuto_ilmastonmuutos_happamoittaa_meret_516308.html) 2009-04-15 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) YLE 31.01.2009 (in Finnish)

## External links

- [SMEG](https://www.smeg.mc/en/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Energy in Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Monaco) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Monaco?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.