# Energy in Algeria

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**Total energy supply 2021**[1]

1. Coal (0.45%)

1. Oil (33.5%)

1. Biofuels and Waste (0.00%)

1. Natural gas (66.0%)

1. Wind, Solar, etc. (0.09%)

1. Hydro (0.00%)

**Energy in Algeria** encompasses the production, [consumption](/source/Energy_consumption), and import of energy. As of 2009, the [primary energy](/source/Primary_energy) use in Algeria was 462 [TWh](/source/TWh), with a per capita consumption of 13 TWh.[2] Algeria is a significant producer and exporter of [oil](/source/Oil) and [gas](/source/Gas) and has been a member of the [Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries](/source/Organization_of_the_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries) (OPEC) since 1969.[3] It also participates in the OPEC+ agreement, collaborating with non-OPEC oil-producing nations. Historically, the country has relied heavily on [fossil fuels](/source/Fossil_fuel), which are heavily subsidized and constitute the majority of its energy consumption. In response to global energy trends, Algeria updated its Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Development Plan in 2015, aiming for significant advancements by 2030. This plan promotes the deployment of large-scale renewable technologies, such as [solar photovoltaic](/source/Photovoltaic_system) systems and onshore wind installations, supported by various incentive measures.

In a strategic move to further develop its energy sector, the Algerian government announced in 2023 plans to offer at least 10 exploration blocks in its first upstream bidding round since 2014, signaling a proactive approach to expanding its oil and gas exploration efforts.[4][3] Complementing this initiative, Algeria has intensified its exploration efforts, resulting in eight significant discoveries this year alone. The country aims to increase its natural gas production from the current 137 billion [cubic meters](/source/Cubic_metre) (Bcm) to 200 Bcm per year in the short to medium term.[5] As of 2024, Algeria is producing approximately 900,000 barrels of oil per day, aligning with its OPEC+ production target. Amid ongoing reviews of crude oil output capacities by OPEC+, Algeria has confidently projected that it will reach a production capacity of 1.155 million barrels per day by 2025.[6]

## Overview

Energy in Algeria[7] Capita Prim. energy Production Export Electricity CO2-emission Million TWh TWh TWh TWh Mt 2004 32.4 383 1,927 1,539 26.3 77.8 2007 33.9 429 1,911 1,482 30.6 85.7 2008 34.4 431 1,885 1,439 32.9 88.1 2009 23.5 462 1,771 1,299 44.6 92.5 2010 35.47 470 1,751 1,268 36.4 98.6 2012 35.98 487 1,696 1,201 41.2 103,9 2012R 38.48 539 1,672 1,131 46.3 114.4 2013 39.21 553 1,601 1,037 48.8 113.9 Change 2004-10 9.6% 22.7% -9.2% -17.6% 38.5% 26.6% Mtoe = 11.63 TWh 2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

## Natural gas

Countries by [natural gas proven reserves](/source/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves) (2014)

In 2023, Algeria had 159 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven [natural gas reserves](/source/Oil_and_gas_reserves_and_resource_quantification). Between 2012 and 2021, annual dry natural gas production averaged 3.2 Tcf, while consumption averaged 1.5 Tcf. Despite a production drop in 2020 due to the [COVID-19 pandemic](/source/COVID-19_pandemic)'s impact on economic activities, production rebounded to a record 3.6 Tcf in 2021. According to the [Middle East Economic Survey](/source/Middle_East_Economic_Survey), this increase was driven by [upstream](/source/Upstream_(petroleum_industry)) investments leading to new project startups and expansions, notably at the [Hassi R’Mel field.](/source/Hassi_R'Mel_gas_field) Additionally, a decreased need for gas reinjection at oil fields allowed more natural gas to be available for domestic use and export.[8]

Natural gas Production 2011-2021 (billion cubic metres)[9]: 29 [10]: 37 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 79.6 78.4 79.3 80.2 81.4 91.4 93.0 93.8 87.0 81.5 100.8 97.6 101.5

Historically, Algeria has been a significant player in the global [natural gas](/source/Natural_gas) market. In 2009, it was the fifth-largest exporter of natural gas, with a net export of 55 billion cubic meters (bcm), trailing behind [Russia](/source/Russia) (169 bcm), [Norway](/source/Norway) (100 bcm), [Canada](/source/Canada) (76 bcm), and [Qatar](/source/Qatar) (67 bcm). That year, Algeria was also ranked as the seventh-largest natural gas producer globally, producing 81 bcm, with the top producers being the [USA](/source/United_States) (594 bcm), Russia (589 bcm), and [Canada](/source/Canada) (159 bcm).[11]

Algeria electricity production by year

By 2021, Algeria's role in the natural gas sector had continued to grow. Its domestic production of natural gas reached 3,734,001 terajoules (TJ), a 28% increase from previous years. This escalation in production positioned Algeria as the second-largest supplier of natural gas in Africa, with a total supply of 1,775,215 TJ, following [Egypt](/source/Egypt). This robust production not only meets domestic energy needs but also bolsters economic stability through exports and the provision of raw materials for key industries such as chemicals and [plastics](/source/Plastic).[12]

Jijel power plant

### Gas pipelines

Algeria is a key player in the natural gas export market, primarily serving [Europe](/source/Europe) through three strategic [pipelines](/source/Pipeline): the [Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline](/source/Trans-Mediterranean_Pipeline) (*TransMed*), the [Medgaz](/source/Medgaz), and the [Maghreb-Europe](/source/Maghreb%E2%80%93Europe_Gas_Pipeline) (MEG) pipeline. The increased capacity of the Medgaz pipeline at the end of 2021 significantly improved its delivery capabilities to [Spain](/source/Spain). Despite encountering temporary disruptions in 2021 due to political tensions that affected the MEG pipeline, normal operations resumed in 2022 with an unconventional reversal, enabling Spain to export gas to [Morocco](/source/Morocco).[13] Following the geopolitical shifts caused by [Russia's invasion of Ukraine](/source/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine), Algeria has increased its role as a crucial supplier of natural gas to Europe, now accounting for about 14% of the European Union’s total imports of pipeline gas and LNG.[5] Additionally, Algeria is actively considering future pipeline projects like the [Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline](/source/Trans-Saharan_gas_pipeline), aimed at connecting [Nigeria](/source/Nigeria) to European markets through Algeria, and the [GALSI pipeline](/source/GALSI), which could potentially be utilized for transporting [green hydrogen](/source/Green_hydrogen) to [Italy](/source/Italy).[13]

- The [Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline](/source/Trans-Mediterranean_Pipeline) (*TransMed*) is a [natural gas pipeline](/source/Natural_gas_pipeline) from [Algeria](/source/Algeria) via [Tunisia](/source/Tunisia) to [Sicily](/source/Sicily) and [Italy](/source/Italy) constructed in 1978-1983 and 1991-1994.

- The [Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline](/source/Maghreb%E2%80%93Europe_Gas_Pipeline) is 1,620 kilometres long natural gas pipeline from [Algeria](/source/Algeria) via [Morocco](/source/Morocco) to [Spain](/source/Spain).

- The [Medgaz Pipeline](/source/Medgaz) is a natural gas pipeline from [Algeria](/source/Algeria) to [Spain](/source/Spain).

### Shale gas

Algeria possessed seven basins of undeveloped [shale gas](/source/Shale_gas) by 2020, totaling 3,419 trillion cubic feet. Of this amount, approximately 707 trillion cubic feet are technically recoverable with existing technology, positioning Algeria's recoverable shale gas reserves as the third largest globally, following [China](/source/China) and [Argentina](/source/Argentina).[14][15]

## Oil

Algeria is a member of [OPEC](/source/OPEC) and was the seventh-largest oil products exporter in 2008, accounting for less than 11% of the world's oil exports.[11] That year, the total global exports included 1,952 million tons of crude oil and 411 million tons of oil products. Prominent oil fields in Algeria include [Hassi Messaoud](/source/Hassi_Messaoud_oil_field), [Ourhoud](/source/Ourhoud_Oil_Field), and [Rhourde El Baguel](/source/Rhourde_El_Baguel_oil_field). As of 2022, the country produces approximately one million barrels of crude oil per day.

Oil Production 2011-2021 (kb/d)[9]: 15 [10]: 21 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 1642 1537 1485 1589 1558 1577 1540 1511 1487 1330 1353 1443 1408

The country holds an estimated 12.2 billion barrels of proved crude oil reserves as of early 2023, producing high-quality, [light](/source/Light_crude_oil), [sweet crude oil](/source/Sweet_crude_oil) with very low sulfur content, primarily the [Sahara blend](/source/Sahara_Blend) from Hassi Messaoud. Despite these high-grade reserves, Algeria faces challenges in attracting new investment to its aging oil fields, leading to difficulties in maintaining production levels.[16]

In response, the Algerian government introduced a hydrocarbons law in December 2019 to attract international investment by reducing taxes and simplifying the legal framework for [upstream](/source/Upstream_(petroleum_industry)) activities. Additionally, [Sonatrach](/source/Sonatrach), the state-owned oil company, operates all national [refineries](/source/Refinery) and has begun construction on three new refineries—Hassi Messaoud, Biskra, and Tiaret—expected to begin operations within the next five years.[16]

In 2021, Algeria's total [oil supply](/source/List_of_countries_by_oil_production), combining crude and refined products, amounted to 902,997 terajoules (TJ), marking a 125% increase from 2000. This total includes [crude oil production](/source/Extraction_of_petroleum), imports, and adjustments for exports and storage. Domestic crude oil production alone accounted for 151.7% of the total crude oil supply in 2021, reflecting a 10% increase over the same period. Additionally, net crude oil exports constituted 34.4% of Algeria's total crude oil production in 2021, with the export share of crude oil comprising 25% of the total energy exports.[17]

## Electricity

**Electricity final consumption by sector, 2021**[18]

1. [Industry](/source/Industry_(economics)) (34.0%)

1. [Transport](/source/Transport) (2.88%)

1. [Residential](/source/Residential) (39.2%)

1. Commercial and public services (6.01%)

1. [Agriculture](/source/Agriculture) / [forestry](/source/Forestry) (3.94%)

1. Non-specified (14.0%)

Algeria primarily relies on [fossil fuels](/source/Fossil_fuel) for energy generation, with nearly 97% of its [electricity capacity](/source/Electricity_market) derived from these sources. The country has seen significant growth in its electricity capacity, which nearly doubled from 2011 to 2020, mainly due to the addition of more efficient natural gas-fired and combined-cycle gas turbine plants. However, Algeria is also aiming to increase its [renewable energy](/source/Renewable_energy) capacity to 15 GW by 2035, starting with a solicitation for bids to install 1 GW of solar photovoltaic capacity divided into 11 projects. This move is part of the government's strategy to diversify energy sources and attract foreign investment in renewable energy projects.[19]

[Natural gas](/source/Natural_gas) was the predominant source of electricity generation, accounting for 99% of the total electricity production which amounted to 85,390 GWh. This significant dependence on natural gas is echoed in the growth of electricity production, which saw a 236% increase from 2000 to 2021.

Electricity generation 2011–2021 (TWh)[9]: 50 [10]: 55 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 53.1 57.4 59.9 64.2 68.8 71.0 76.0 76.7 81.5 79.2 84.3 91.2 85.9

Despite this heavy reliance on fossil fuels, electricity trade in Algeria remains limited, with net electricity exports comprising only 1.3% of the total production in 2021, although these exports have increased by 379% since 2000. The electricity sector is a major contributor to [carbon dioxide emissions](/source/Carbon_dioxide_emissions), representing 30% of the country's total energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. On a per-capita basis, electricity consumption in Algeria stood at 1.704 MWh in 2021, showing a 147% increase from 2000, reflecting ongoing economic and population growth. Additionally, the residential sector was the largest consumer of electricity, accounting for 39% of the final electricity consumption, followed by the industrial sector with 34%.[20]

## Renewable energy

Algeria is focusing on increasing its renewable energy output to 27% by 2035, primarily through [solar power](/source/Solar_power), leveraging its high solar irradiance and strong wind speeds. In efforts to conserve its [hydrocarbon resources](/source/Oil_and_gas_reserves_and_resource_quantification) for export, the government has established partnerships with countries like [China](/source/China), [Germany](/source/Germany), and the [United States](/source/United_States), centering on enhancing engineering, energy storage, and solar technology capacities. Key projects include a one-gigawatt solar initiative and [Sonatrach](/source/Sonatrach)'s use of solar energy for its remote operations. The sector, predominantly managed by state-owned entities such as Sonatrach, [Sonelgaz](/source/Sonelgaz), and the Algerian Energy Company (AEC), also sees significant involvement from international firms, enhancing the local renewable energy infrastructure through investments and collaborative governmental agreements.[21]

Total renewable energy capacity 2014–2024 (MW)[22]: 2 [23]: 2 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 266 300 500 593 605 605 585 506 590 601 601

As of 2020, modern renewables accounted for just 0.14% of Algeria's final [energy consumption](/source/Energy_consumption), despite a significant increase of 52% in their usage from 2000 to 2020. This growth highlights Algeria's efforts to shift towards cleaner energy sources to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reliance on imported fossil fuels. Modern renewables in Algeria are primarily utilized for electricity generation and have potential applications in heating and renewable [biofuels](/source/Biofuel) for transport. However, the country still faces challenges in phasing out traditional [biomass](/source/Biomass_(energy)) uses, which adversely affect health and the environment.[24]

Significant reforms in [hydrocarbons](/source/Hydrocarbons) and investment laws since 2020 have improved the investment environment in Algeria, enabling it to attract deals with global energy companies like [Equinor](/source/Equinor), [Eni](/source/Eni), and [Occidental Petroleum](/source/Occidental_Petroleum). These reforms, designed to foster both domestic and foreign investment, reflect Algeria's broader strategy to diversify its energy portfolio and sustain its [economic growth](/source/Economic_growth) by leveraging its energy resources more efficiently and responsibly.[5]

### Solar power

[Solar potential](/source/Insolation) in [Algeria](/source/Algeria)

[Algeria](/source/Algeria) has the highest technical and economical potential for solar power exploitation in the [MENA](/source/MENA) region, with a potential of around 170 [TWh](/source/Terawatt-hour) per year.[25] The first industrial scale solar thermal power project has been initiated by inauguration of [Hassi R'Mel power station](/source/Hassi_R'Mel_integrated_solar_combined_cycle_power_station) in 2011. This new [hybrid power](/source/Hybrid_power) plant combines a 25-[megawatt](/source/Megawatt) (MW) concentrating solar power array in conjunction with a 130 MW [combined cycle gas turbine plant](/source/Combined_cycle).

In addition, Algeria has launched in 2011 a national program to develop renewable energy based on [photovoltaics](/source/Photovoltaics) (PV), [concentrated solar power](/source/Concentrated_solar_power) (CSP) and [wind power](/source/Wind_power), and to promote [energy efficiency](/source/Efficient_energy_use). The program consists of installing up to 12 [GW](/source/Gigawatt) of power generating capacity from renewable sources to meet the domestic electricity demand by 2030.[26]

Solar energy capacity 2014–2024 (MW)[22]: 21 [23]: 21 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 28 62 262 355 367 367 367 367 451 462 462

In 2023, Algeria launched a bid for the construction of 15 solar power plants across the country, each with a generation capacity of 80-220 MW, and a total capacity of 2,000 MW for the entirety of the project, with construction set to begin in 2024.[27][28]

Largest Algerian photovoltaic power stations[29] PV Power station Capacity in MW p Notes High Plateaus East, Adrar 90 completed 2016, Built by Sinohydro Corp (PowerChina), Yingli Green Energy Holding, HydroChina, owned by SKTM (Sonelgaz)[29] High Plateaus Centre, Adrar 90 completed 2016, Built by Sinohydro Corp (PowerChina), Yingli Green Energy Holding, HydroChina, owned by SKTM (Sonelgaz)[29]

## Greenhouse gas emissions

In 2021, Algeria contributed 0.4% to the global CO2 [emissions](/source/Greenhouse_gas_emissions) from combustible fuels, based on data focused solely on emissions from fuel combustion within the [energy sector](/source/Energy_industry). The total emissions were recorded at about 143.249 million tonnes (Mt) of CO2, which represents a significant rise of 133% compared to previous figures. The primary source of these emissions was the combustion of [natural gas](/source/Natural_gas), which made up 62% of Algeria's total CO2 emissions from fuel combustion.[30]

Carbon dioxide emissions from energy 2011-2021 (MtCO2)[9]: 12 [10]: 16 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 100.6 108.9 115.4 123.6 129.0 127.7 130.7 137.7 142.5 133.3 139.7 149.6 144.7

The analysis of emissions by sector shows that electricity and heat production, along with the transport sector, were the major sources of energy-related CO2 emissions in Algeria, each contributing 30% to the total. These figures highlight the significant reliance on oil-based fuels in both the power generation and transportation sectors, despite the increasing adoption of [electric vehicles](/source/Electric_vehicle). Meanwhile, the industrial sector, which includes the burning of [fossil fuels](/source/Fossil_fuel) for processes such as the production of paper or steel, also contributes notably to the emissions but to a lesser extent. Notably, emissions from specific industrial processes like cement production are not included in these figures, despite their potential significance.[30]

## Nuclear energy

To ensure Algeria diversifies its energy sources in preparation for the post-oil era, nuclear energy is the only energy source that could replace oil and gas, as its raw material is abundant in the country and just needs to be utilized.[31]

Since 1995 [Algeria](/source/Algeria) operates research reactors at [Draria](/source/Draria) and [Aïn Oussera](/source/A%C3%AFn_Oussera). It signed nuclear cooperation agreements with [Russia](/source/Russia) in January 2007, with the [United States](/source/United_States) in June 2007, and with China in March 2008.[32][33] Algeria has discussed nuclear cooperation also with France.

For many years, Algeria has invested in nuclear technology. It has two nuclear reactors: the Draria nuclear reactor on the heights of [Algiers](/source/Algiers) with a capacity of 3 megawatts (MW), built by the [Argentinians](/source/Argentines) in 1984, and the [Aïn Oussara reactor](/source/Es-Salam_nuclear_reactor), located 250 km south of Algiers, built by the Chinese with a capacity of 15 MW. These two reactors are regularly inspected by the [International Atomic Energy Agency](/source/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency) (IAEA), of which Algeria is a member.[34]

## See also

- [Energy portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Energy)

- [Oil megaprojects (2011)](/source/Oil_megaprojects_(2011))

- [Economy of Algeria](/source/Economy_of_Algeria)

- [Naftal company](/source/Naftal)

- [Saidal Group](/source/Saidal)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Energy in Algeria](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Energy_in_Algeria).

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v t e Energy in Africa Sovereign states Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe States with limited recognition Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland Dependencies and other territories Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)

v t e Energy policy of Africa Sovereign states Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe States with limited recognition Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland Dependencies and other territories Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)

v t e Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Algeria Equatorial Guinea Gabon Iran Iraq Kuwait Libya Nigeria Republic of the Congo Saudi Arabia Venezuela List of secretaries general OPEC Fund for International Development OPEC Reference Basket

v t e Energy in the OPEC countries and primary energy 2008 (TWh) Iran 2,350 Saudi Arabia 1,879 Nigeria 1,293 Venezuela 745 United Arab Emirates 680 Algeria 431 Iraq 395 Kuwait 306 Qatar 281 Libya 212 Angola 128 Ecuador 120

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Energy in Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Algeria) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Algeria?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.