# Endere

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{{Short description|Archaeological site in Xinjiang, China}}
thumb|right|Endere Stupa
'''Endere''' (Chinese: 安迪尔; pinyin: Āndí'ěr) is an archaeological site in [Xinjiang](/source/Xinjiang), [China](/source/China), in the southern [Taklamakan Desert](/source/Taklamakan_Desert), a part of the southern route of the ancient [Silk Road](/source/Silk_Road).  It has been tentatively identified with a place called Saca that is mentioned in documents written in [Kharoṣṭhī script](/source/Kharoshthi) which have been found in the region.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Martin Rhie | first=Marylin | title=Early Buddhist Art of China & Central Asia | series=Handbuch der Orientalistik, Part 4 | publisher=Brill | year=1999 | isbn=9789004112018 | volume=1 | page=368 }}</ref>

==Archaeological excavations==
thumb|upright|left|Pillars excavated in Endere
In 1901 the fort of Endere was excavated by Sir [Mark Aurel Stein](/source/Mark_Aurel_Stein). Endere is believed to have been an important military post and a centre for Buddhist worship located about half-way between [Charchan](/source/Charchan) and Nina (or [Niya](/source/Niya_(Tarim_Basin))).<ref>{{cite book|last=Noble|first=Peter S.|title=Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London|year=1931}}</ref> Coins discovered there indicate that the Chinese controlled the area as early as the [Han dynasty](/source/Han_dynasty) but fell to the [Tibetans](/source/Tibetans) during the [Tang dynasty](/source/Tang_dynasty). However, the fort was abandoned in the ninth century when the Endere river changed its course.

Stein discovered a number of buildings devoted to [Buddhist](/source/Buddhist) worship including a shrine filled with textile rags and fragments of Buddhist manuscripts written in Chinese, Tibetan and [Sanskrit](/source/Sanskrit) which suggests it had drawn worshippers from far and wide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Aurel Stein & the Silk Road finds|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-silk-road-finds-map-4/|accessdate=22 October 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Endere}}

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Category:Archaeological sites in Xinjiang
Category:Sites along the Silk Road
Category:Buddhist sites in Central Asia
Category:Xinjiang

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