# Emigrantia

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***Emigrantia*** is an [extinct](/source/Extinct) [genus](/source/Genus) of [trilobites](/source/Trilobita), [fossil](/source/Fossil) marine [arthropods](/source/Arthropoda), of small to average size. It lived during the [Toyonian](/source/Cambrian) stage (last phase of the Upper [*Olenellus*-zone](/source/Trilobite_zone)), in what is today the South-Western United States. *Emigrantia* can easily be distinguished from other trilobites by the sturdy but not inflated genal spines, that are attached at midlength of the cephalon, in combination with effaced features of the raised axial area of the head shield (or [glabella](/source/Cephalon_(arthropod_head))).

## Etymology

The name of the genus is derived from Emigrant Pass, Nopah Range, California, near the collection site of many of the last of the Lower Cambrian Olenellina.

## Description

As with most early trilobites, *Emigrantia* has an almost flat [exoskeleton](/source/Exoskeleton), that is only thinly calcified. As part of the Olenellina suborder, *Emigrantia* lacks dorsal sutures. Like all other members of the Olenelloidea superfamily, the eye-ridges spring from the back of the frontal lobe (L4) of the central area of the cephalon, that is called [glabella](/source/Trilobite#Cephalon). The exoskeleton of *Emigrantia* is inverted egg-shaped in outline and up to 3 cm in length, disregarding the genal spines and the pleural spines of the 3rd thorax segment. The head shield (or [cephalon](/source/Cephalon_(arthropod_head))) is approximately pentagonal, with the right and left frontal margin together forming a circle segment. It has a distinct cephalic border that is developed as a raised ridge. The genal spines are stout, up to 2 mm in diameter near the base and appear to be massive. They are attached about half length of the cephalon and bend quickly to proceed to their tip parallel to the midline. Intergenal angle strongly rounded, from perpendicular to the midline angling to 135°-150°. The glabella is of approximately constant width along its length, and the furrows are indistinct. The thorax has at least 12 segments, but probably a few more. The tips of the pleural lobes point backwards, but except for the third segment, these are not spiny. The 3rd segment is macropleural.

### Differences with some other Biceratopsinae

*[Biceratops nevadensis](/source/Biceratops)* and *[Peachella](/source/Peachella)* share extremely effaced cephalic features with *Emigrantia*. *Biceratops* however lacks genal spines. In *Peachella* the genal spines are short and bloated, in contrast with being longer than the cephalon and attached halfway down its side (or lateral margin). *[Eopeachella](/source/Eopeachella)* has short genal spines with only the basis inflated and less effaced cephalic features.[1]

## Distribution

*Emigrantia* is known only from the Lower Cambrian of California (Carrara Formation, Thimble Limestone Member, [Nopah Range](/source/Nopah_Range), [Inyo County](/source/Inyo_County)).[2]

## References

1. M. Webster (2009). "Ontogeny, Systematics, and Evolution of the effaced Early Cambrian trilobites *Peachella* Walcott, 1910 and *Eopeachella* new genus (Olenellidea)". *[Journal of Paleontology](/source/Journal_of_Paleontology)*. **83** (2): 197–218. [Bibcode:2009JPal...83..197W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JPal...83..197W). [doi:10.1666/08-106.1](https://doi.org/10.1666/08-106.1). [S2CID 85698638](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85698638)

1. ["Emigrantia n. Gen. Sp."](http://www.westerntrilobites.com/Species/Emigrantia.htm)

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