# Elythranthera brunonis

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Species of orchid

Purple enamel orchid Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Orchidoideae Tribe: Diurideae Genus: Elythranthera Species: E. brunonis Binomial name Elythranthera brunonis (Endl.) A.S.George[1] Synonyms[1] Caladenia brunonis (Endl.) Rchb.f. Glossodia brunonis Endl.

***Elythranthera brunonis***, commonly known as the **purple enamel orchid**, is a plant in the orchid family [Orchidaceae](/source/Orchidaceae) and is [endemic](/source/Endemism) to the [south-west](/source/Southwest_Australia) of [Western Australia](/source/Western_Australia). It is a ground orchid with a single flattened, hairy leaf and up to three glossy purple flowers.

## Description

*Elythranthera brunonis* is a terrestrial, [perennial](/source/Perennial_plant), [deciduous](/source/Deciduous), [sympodial](/source/Sympodial) herb with a few inconspicuous, fine roots and a [tuber](/source/Tuber) partly surrounded by a fibrous, multi-layered protective [sheath](/source/Tunica_(biology)). It has a single flattened, dark green, hairy leaf, 20–80 mm (0.8–3 in) long and about 7 mm (0.3 in) wide with a reddish-purple underside. Up to three glossy purple flowers 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) long and 10–30 mm (0.4–1 in) wide are borne on a spike 150–300 mm (6–10 in) tall. The [sepals](/source/Sepal) and [petals](/source/Petal) spread apart from each other, have blackish tips and are blotched with red or purple on their backs. The [dorsal](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dorsal) sepal is erect, 16–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) long and 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. The [lateral](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lateral) sepals and petals are 14–18 mm (0.6–0.7 in) long and 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. The [labellum](/source/Labellum_(botany)) is about 5 mm (0.2 in) long, 0.5 mm (0.02 in) wide and whitish with the tip curved upward. At the base of the labellum there are two erect, fleshy [calli](/source/Labellum_(botany)) about 4 mm (0.2 in) high with yellow bases and black or dark purple tips. Flowering occurs from August to early November.[2][3][4]

## Taxonomy and naming

The purple enamel orchid was first formally described in 1839 by [Stephan Endlicher](/source/Stephan_Endlicher) who gave it the name *Glossodia brunonis* and published the description in *Novarum Stirpium Decades*.[5] In 1963, [Alex George](/source/Alex_George_(botanist)) transferred it to the genus *Elythranthera* as *E. brunonis*.[6] The [specific epithet](/source/Botanical_nomenclature) (*brunonis*) honours the Scottish botanist [Robert Brown](/source/Robert_Brown_(botanist%2C_born_1773)).[3]

*Elythranthera brunonis* is regarded as a synonym of the name *Caladenia brunonis* which is accepted by the [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew).[7]

## Distribution and habitat

*Elythranthera brunonis* is a common and widespread species in Western Australia, found as far north as [Kalbarri](/source/Kalbarri%2C_Western_Australia) and as far east as [Israelite Bay](/source/Israelite_Bay%2C_Western_Australia), growing in forest, woodland and heath.[2][3][4][8]

## Conservation

*Elythranthera brunonis* is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government [Department of Parks and Wildlife](/source/Department_of_Parks_and_Wildlife_(Western_Australia)).[8]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-APC_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-APC_1-1) ["*Cyanicula aperta*"](https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/68104). *Australian Plant Census*. Retrieved 14 October 2023.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Jones_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Jones_2-1) Jones, David L. (2006). *A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories*. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 31. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1877069124](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1877069124).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Brown_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Brown_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Brown_3-2) Brown, Andrew; Dundas, Pat; Dixon, Kingsley; Hopper, Stephen (2008). *Orchids of Western Australia*. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. p. 244. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780980296457](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780980296457).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Hoffman_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Hoffman_4-1) Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). *Orchids of South-West Australia* (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 208. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780646562322](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780646562322).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-APNI(1)_5-0)** ["*Glossodia brunonis*"](https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/493640). APNI. Retrieved 16 April 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-APNI(3)_6-0)** ["*Elythranthera brunonis*"](https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/476907). APNI. Retrieved 16 April 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-WCSP(2)_7-0)** ["*Elythranthera brunonis*"](http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=66843). Kew. Retrieved 16 April 2017.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FloraBase_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FloraBase_8-1) ["*Elythranthera brunonis*"](https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/1577). *[FloraBase](/source/FloraBase)*. Western Australian Government [Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions](/source/Department_of_Biodiversity%2C_Conservation_and_Attractions).

Taxon identifiers Elythranthera brunonis Wikidata: Q28816312 APNI: 68104 BOLD: 433457 CoL: 7VW2D FloraBase: 1643 FoAO2: Elythranthera brunonis GBIF: 2838945 iNaturalist: 145518 IPNI: 630836-1 NCBI: 177039 Open Tree of Life: 1024721 Plant List: kew-66843 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:630836-1 Tropicos: 100184969 WFO: wfo-0000948494 Caladenia brunonis Wikidata: Q5368589 Wikispecies: Caladenia brunonis APNI: 90706 CoL: PBQJ GBIF: 2838946 IPNI: 620624-1 Open Tree of Life: 1024721 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:620624-1 Species+: 97622 Tropicos: 50035527 WFO: wfo-0000720808

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Elythranthera brunonis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elythranthera_brunonis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elythranthera_brunonis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.