# Elizabeth Costello

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2003 novel by J. M. Coetzee

Elizabeth Costello Author J. M. Coetzee Language English Genre Fiction, Literature Publisher Secker & Warburg Publication date 30 September 2003 Publication place Australia Media type Print (Hardback), (Paperback) Pages 224pp ISBN 0-436-20616-1 OCLC 52456771

***Elizabeth Costello*** is a 2003 novel by South African-born [Nobel Laureate](/source/Nobel_Prize_for_Literature) [J. M. Coetzee](/source/J._M._Coetzee).[1]

In this novel, Elizabeth Costello, a celebrated aging Australian writer, travels around the world and gives lectures on topics including the lives of animals and literary censorship. In her youth, Costello wrote *The House on Eccles Street,* a novel that re-tells [James Joyce](/source/James_Joyce)'s *[Ulysses](/source/Ulysses_(novel))* from the perspective of the protagonist's wife, [Molly Bloom](/source/Molly_Bloom). Costello, becoming weary from old age, confronts her fame, which seems further and further removed from who she has become, and struggles with issues of belief, vegetarianism, sexuality, language and evil. Many of the lectures Costello gives are edited fragments that Coetzee had previously published. The lessons she delivers only tenuously speak to the work for which she is being honored.[2] Of note, Elizabeth Costello is the main character in Coetzee's academic novel, *[The Lives of Animals](/source/The_Lives_of_Animals)* (1999). A character named Elizabeth Costello also appears in Coetzee's 2005 novel *[Slow Man](/source/Slow_Man)* and Coetzee's 2011 short story *Lies* is about a woman with the last name Costello.

## Summary

A renowned writer, Elizabeth Costello has to put up with a large number of various inconveniences. She is a sixty-six-year-old woman who has committed all her life to writing, often neglecting not only her own needs but her children in order to give all her strengths to her work. Due to the fact that her first novel is about women's liberation, her interviewers – usually women who write books about her – expect that she will be an energetic fighter for equality, who eagerly discusses the importance of a woman's role in modern society. They are extremely disappointed to see an elderly woman, who is sick and tired of discussing her first book.

Accompanied by her son John, she travels to Pennsylvania to receive the Stowe Award. During her acceptance speech, she speaks about Kafka and the audience finds it difficult to follow her idea, for this kind of talk is not to their liking. It seems that there is a gap between her and her audience. Although public speaking becomes a challenge for her, she decides to take a cruise in which she is supposed to speak about realism. The applause she gets is unenthusiastic.

Not only does the public not understand what she wants them to realize, but neither does her own family. Elizabeth's vegetarianism often provokes quarrels between her and her daughter-in-law. Her son is torn between love for his mother and difficulties in accepting her point of view. More often than not, he asks himself why she can't be just like any other elderly woman. The truth is that she doesn't know the answer herself. She speaks about the things people don't want to know, because she feels the need to do it.

Elizabeth has a sister she hasn't seen for a long period of time. She lives in Africa and serves in the Marian Order. The sisters have very little in common. During a graduation ceremony that both sisters are invited to, Blanche criticizes the humanities. Their parting is bitter, for they know they will not see each other again. Blanche charges Elizabeth with choosing "the wrong Greeks", meaning that Blanche doesn't support the philosophical ideas her sister is so fond of.

At the end of the novel, Elizabeth finds herself in a kind of limbo, which she can only escape by satisfactorily explaining her beliefs before a court. It's implied this is a purgatory-like stage of the afterlife. Her first attempt is a failure, for she tells the truth and states that she doesn't believe in anything. She then has another try, where she tells a fictional story that reveals a deeper appreciation of life, but the novel ends before she finds out whether she will succeed at passing through the gate.

## Background philosophy

Elizabeth Costello frequently engages philosophers and their ideas. Among the philosophers mentioned by name are historical figures such as [Aristotle](/source/Aristotle), [Porphyry](/source/Porphyry_(philosopher)), [Augustine](/source/Augustine_of_Hippo), [Thomas Aquinas](/source/Thomas_Aquinas), René [Descartes](/source/Descartes) and [Jeremy Bentham](/source/Jeremy_Bentham), as well as contemporary figures such as [Mary Midgley](/source/Mary_Midgley), [Tom Regan](/source/Tom_Regan) and [Thomas Nagel](/source/Thomas_Nagel). In addition two minor characters, Elaine Marx and an academic named Arendt (whose first name is not mentioned) share surnames with the famous philosophers [Karl Marx](/source/Karl_Marx) and [Hannah Arendt](/source/Hannah_Arendt). The frequent allusions to philosophers have caused critics to debate whether there are philosophical themes in Coetzee's work and, if so, what they might be.[3]

Part of the debate has focused on similarities between ideas expressed by Coetzee's protagonist and the philosophy of Mary Midgley. Coetzee's protagonist for example is concerned with the moral status of animals, a subject Midgley addressed in her 1983 book *Animals and Why They Matter*. Midgley has also criticized Marx and other philosophers for singling out one human attribute (in Marx's case, that of freely given labour) and proclaiming it to be the unique quality that elevates human life above that of animals. Midgley argues that this approach confuses a factual claim and a moral claim, and it has been suggested that *Elizabeth Costello* draws attention to the same shortcoming in Arendt. As one analysis of *Elizabeth Costello* puts it, “The problem with Marx’s view is that there are human activities in which people find considerable value, such as giving birth, that are capacities we share with animals. Similarly, there are some actions, such as committing suicide, that may be unique to human beings yet that we do not celebrate. Like Marx, Hannah Arendt lauds one particular human attribute, in her case our capacity to take part in a shared world of political speech and action, on the grounds that it is what separates us from animals. There is a certain casual brilliance in the way Coetzee extends Midgley’s critique of Marx to Arendt, whose philosophy is often thought to invert Marxism.” [4]

## *Is this the gate?* (chamber opera)

The [chamber opera](/source/Chamber_opera) *Is this the gate?*[5] by the Belgian composer [Nicholas Lens](/source/Nicholas_Lens) with [libretto](/source/Libretto) by J.M. Coetzee is based on the last chapter of the novel (first performance at the [Adelaide Festival](/source/Adelaide_Festival) 2024, [Australia](/source/Australia)). After [Slow Man (opera)](/source/Slow_Man_(opera)), the chamber opera *Is this the gate?* is the second co-operation between the opera composer Nicholas Lens and J.M. Coetzee.

A music-theatre piece, *The Blessing*, is a collaboration between Coetzee and Australian composer, [Andrew Ford](/source/Andrew_Ford_(composer)). It is based on a scene from *Elizabeth Costello*. Scored for mezzo-soprano and oboe, it was first performed at the [Coriole Music Festival](/source/Coriole_Music_Festival) in May 2022, by Elizabeth Campbell and Celia Craig,

## Distinctions

- 2003 longlisted for the [Man Booker Prize](/source/Man_Booker_Prize)[6]

- 2004 shortlisted for the [Miles Franklin Award](/source/Miles_Franklin_Award)[7]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["*Elizabeth Costello* by J. M. Coetzee"](https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3118629). National Library of Australia. Retrieved 7 June 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Gonzalez, Madelena (July 2014). ["United States of Banana (2011), Elizabeth Costello (2003) and Fury (2001): Portrait of the Writer as the 'Bad Subject' of Globalisation"](http://ebc.revues.org/1279). *Études britanniques contemporaines*. **46** (46 2014). d’Études Anglaises Contemporaines: 1–16. Retrieved 13 July 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [" J. M. Coetzee and Ethics: Philosophical Perspectives on Literature,"](http://cup.columbia.edu/book/978-0-231-14840-5/j-m-coetzee-and-ethics) Anton Leist and Peter Singer eds. (New York: Columbia University Press 2010).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Andy Lamey, ["Sympathy and Scapegoating in J. M. Coetzee,"](https://ssrn.com/abstract=1715344) in *J. M. Coetzee and Ethics,* p. 192. For similarities between Midgley and Coetzee, see pages 175-81.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Is this the gate?"](https://www.adelaidefestival.com.au/events/is-this-the-gate/). *adelaidefestival.com.au*. Retrieved 3 November 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["The Man Booker Prize 2003 | The Booker Prizes"](https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/prize-years/2003). *thebookerprizes.com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221128052305/https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/prize-years/2003) from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Announcing the 2004 Miles Franklin Literary Award Winner"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080722163801/http://www.stateart.com.au/sota/news/default.asp?fid=2712). *State of the Arts*. 21 June 2004. Archived from [the original](http://www.stateart.com.au/sota/news/default.asp?fid=2712) on 22 July 2008. Retrieved 31 July 2022.

## External links

- Kochin, Michael S. (2007). ["Literature and Salvation in Elizabeth Costello, or How to Refuse to Be an Author in Eight or Nine Lessons"](http://www.tau.ac.il/~kochin/refautpub.pdf) (PDF). *English in Africa*. **34** (1): 79–95.

### Reviews online

- Abramson, Anna Jones (2014). ["Authors and Others: The Ethics of Inhabiting in JM Coetzee's *Elizabeth Costello*"](http://www.otherness.dk/fileadmin/www.othernessandthearts.org/Publications/Journal_Otherness/Otherness_4.2/1_Anna_Jones_Abramson_-_Authors_and_Others.pdf) (PDF). *Living Literary Others*.

- Cohen Shabot, Sara (2017). ["Fleshing out the ambiguous body: J. M. Coetzee's "The Humanities in Africa" as a critique of binary conceptions of embodiment"](https://doi.org/10.5250%2Ffronjwomestud.38.1.0067). *[Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies](/source/Frontiers%3A_A_Journal_of_Women_Studies)*. **38** (1). [University of Nebraska Press](/source/University_of_Nebraska_Press): 67–87. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.5250/fronjwomestud.38.1.0067](https://doi.org/10.5250%2Ffronjwomestud.38.1.0067). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [10.5250/fronjwomestud.38.1.0067](https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/fronjwomestud.38.1.0067). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [151620234](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151620234). - Review of a chapter within *Elizabeth Costello*.

- Gonzalez, Madelena (July 2014). ["United States of Banana, Elizabeth Costello and Fury: Portrait of the Writer as the 'Bad Subject' of Globalisation"](http://ebc.revues.org/1279). *Études britanniques contemporaines*. **46**. d’Études Anglaises Contemporaines.

- Hugo, Giles (2004). ["J M Coetzee: Interrogation of a Writer"](https://web.archive.org/web/20040619133906/http://www.islandmag.com/96/review.html). *Island*. **96** (Autumn). Archived from [the original](http://www.islandmag.com/96/review.html) on 19 June 2004.

- Saval, Nikil (2007). ["Show a Man What He Eats: On Vegetarianism"](http://nplusonemag.com/show-man-what-he-eats). *N+1*. Retrieved 25 April 2008.

- Randall, Don (2007). ["The Community of Sentient Beings: JM Coetzee's Ecology in *Disgrace* and *Elizabeth Costello*"](http://wigan-ojs.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/ESC/article/view/25145). *ESC: English Studies in Canada*. **33** (1). [University of Alberta](/source/University_of_Alberta): 209–225. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1353/esc.0.0054](https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fesc.0.0054). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[11693/23301](https://hdl.handle.net/11693%2F23301). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [145249403](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145249403). [Pdf view.](http://wigan-ojs.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/ESC/article/view/25145/18650)[*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

v t e Works by J. M. Coetzee Novels Dusklands (1974) In the Heart of the Country (1977) Waiting for the Barbarians (1980) Life & Times of Michael K (1983) Foe (1986) Age of Iron (1990) The Master of Petersburg (1994) The Lives of Animals (1999) Disgrace (1999) Elizabeth Costello (2003) Slow Man (2005) Diary of a Bad Year (2007) The Childhood of Jesus (2013) The Schooldays of Jesus (2016) The Death of Jesus (2019) The Pole and Other Stories (2023) "Autrebiography" Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life (1997) Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II (2002) Summertime (2009) Criticism and letters White Writing (1988) Inner Workings (2007) Here and Now (2013) Adaptations Dust (film, 1985) The Lives of Animals (TV film, 2002) Waiting for the Barbarians (opera, 2006) Disgrace (film, 2008) Slow Man (opera, 2014) Waiting for the Barbarians (film, 2019)

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Adams Aysha Akhtar Kristin Andrews Marc Bekoff Steven Best Paola Cavalieri Stephen R. L. Clark Alasdair Cochrane J. M. Coetzee Alice Crary David DeGrazia Daniel Dombrowski Sue Donaldson Josephine Donovan Joan Dunayer Mylan Engel Catia Faria Lawrence Finsen Michael W. Fox Gary L. Francione Robert Garner Valéry Giroux Lori Gruen John Hadley Oscar Horta Dale Jamieson Kyle Johannsen Melanie Joy Hilda Kean Christine Korsgaard Will Kymlicka Renan Larue Thomas Lepeltier Andrew Linzey Clair Linzey Dan Lyons David Nibert Martha Nussbaum Clare Palmer Charles Patterson David Pearce Jessica Pierce Evelyn Pluhar Mark Rowlands Richard D. Ryder Steve F. Sapontzis Jeff Sebo Jérôme Segal Peter Singer Gary Steiner Cass Sunstein David Sztybel Michael Tye Bernard Unti Tatjana Višak Paul Waldau Corey Lee Wrenn Historical Tom Beauchamp Jeremy Bentham David Renaud Boullier Stephen St. C. 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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Elizabeth Costello](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Costello) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Costello?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.